• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2007

고려홍삼이 HIV-1 감염자에게서 바이러스의 활발한 증식으로 유발된 면역계의 과활성화를 장기간에 걸쳐 억제하는지 살펴보기 위해 면역 활성화 지표인 soluble CD8항원(sCD8)을 측정하였다. HIV-1 감염 대조군 49명, zidovudine (ZDV) 복용군 22명, KRG 복용군 48명, KRG와 ZDV 병용군(49명)을 대상으로 하였다. HIV-1 감염 대조군에서는 혈청 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 33% 증가하였으며(P < 0.05), sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 $21{\pm}13$개월동안 54% 증가하였다(P < 0.001). ZDV 복용군에서는 혈청 sCD8농도가 초기 6개월 동안은 감소하였으나 그 이후로는 서서히 증가하였으며, sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 증가하였다. KRG 복용군은 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 45% 감소하였으며(P < 0.01), sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 $19\;{\pm}\;11$개월 동안 19% 감소하였다(P < 0.05). 병용군에서는 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 29%(P < 0.01) 감소하였다. 추적관찰 기간 동안 각 군간의 sCD8 농도 변화가 명확한 차이를 보였으며, KRG 복용군에서는 ZDV 복용군에서 관찰된 'rebound현상'(sCD8이 초기에 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 경향)이 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 HIV-1 감염환자에서 KRG를 장기간 복용시켰을 경우 sCD8 농도가 지속적으로 감소하여, KRG가 면역계의 소모적인 과활성화 상태를 방지함을 알 수 있었다.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
• /
• 제5권
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 1996

As a mood-altering drug, long-term alcohol consumption have significant harmful effects on the human body and people's mental functioning. This study observed that the suppression of cell mediated immunity induced in spleen of ICR mouse by long-term alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the splenic tissue irnmunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), IL-2 receptor(CD25R) and NK-1.1(CD56) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of marginal zone in splenic white pulp was diminished and the number of macrophage in marginal zone was decreased in test group than control group. 2. After alcohol administration, the number of Helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in periarterial lymphatic sheaths of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften. 3. In test group, the number of NK cell were decreased. These results indicated that the secretion of lymphokine as IL-2 was inhibited by long-term alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to activate and proliferate splenic T lymphocytes and NK cells as cell mediated immunity component.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.142-153
• /
• 2023

Background: Cognitive impairment has been reported to be closely associated with poor oral health, and the relationship is bidirectional, as older adults with poor oral health and chewing function are at a higher risk of cognitive decline (CD). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether masticatory discomfort in Korean elderly increases the risk of daily living difficulty (DLD) related to CD and whether there is a difference in risk according to gender and age. Methods: The data used were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey (2019). The final analysis included 22,154 people aged 65 years and older who completed the survey and responded to all items on the variables used in the study. Chi-square test, trend test, and complex sample logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis, to clarify the purpose of this study. Results: As masticatory discomfort increased, the elderly's DLD tended to increase (p-for trend, p<0.001). For logistic regression, adjusting for all covariates, participants who reported masticatory discomfort as "discomfort" (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.11~3.50) and "severe discomfort" (AOR=2.95, 95% CI=2.49~3.50) had a more than a two-fold increased risk of CD-related DLD compared to participants who reported "no discomfort at all." In age-stratified analyses, elderly men aged 75~84 years and elderly women aged 65~74 years had the highest risk of developing CD-related DLD. Conclusion: Oral care interventions to improve masticatory function in older adults may slow CD and improve CD-related DLD. We hope that this study will raise awareness among caregivers and clinical professionals regarding the importance of oral care for older adults with CD.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2022

CZTS 태양전지는 Cu, Zn, Sn, Se, S으로 구성된 흡수층을 사용하는 박막 태양전지로, In, Ga이 사용되는 CIGS 태양전지보다 저렴하며 Pb, Cd이 사용된 페로브스카이트, CdTe 태양전지보다 친환경적이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 유연기판인 Mo foil 위에 제작된 유연 CZTS 태양전지를 지정된 곡률만큼 휘게 하는 bending test를 진행하였다. 태양전지에 압축응력이 가해지는 inner benidng과 인장응력이 가해지는 outer bending의 방향에서 실험은 진행되었으며, 50 mmR의 곡률 반경으로 진행된 1,000 회의 굽힘 횟수 동안 태양전지의 효율은 최고 12.7%까지 감소하였으며, 두 방향 모두에서 효율 감소의 가장 큰 원인은 병렬저항의 큰 감소로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2004

목적 : 이 연구는 항암제를 투여받는 여성암환자에서 발반사마사지가 스트레스반응(활력징후, 코티졸)과 면역반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 방법 : 11명의 여성암 환자를 임의로 표출한 후 단일군 전후실험설계로 진행하였다. 종속변수는 스트레스 반응으로 활력징후(수축기 혈압, 이완기 혈압, 맥박수, 호흡수)와 혈중 코티졸, 면역반응으로 림프구 아군(CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19)과 자연살세포(NK cells)이며, 독립변수는 발반사마사지이었다. 중재 전후 종속변수의 변화를 보기 위해 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 실시하였다. 결과 : 중재 전에 비해 중재 후 수축기 혈압, 이완기 혈압, 맥박수, 혈중 코티졸치, CD4와 CD19는 유의한 변화를 보였으나 호흡수, CD3, CD8, 그리고 자연살세포는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 이러한 연구결과는 발반사마사지가 항암화학요법을 받는 여성암 환자의 스트레스 호르몬과 면역관련세포에 영향을 보였지만 표본수가 작고 중재가 1회에 그쳤기 때문에 이러한 단점을 보완한 추후연구를 통해 발반사마사지의 효과를 좀더 잘 규명할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.21-37
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Palmiboshinwhan (PMBSW) in methotrexate (MTX)-induced immunosuppressed SD rats. Methods: The test articles were once a day dosed for 14 days by gastric gavage from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight and total blood leukocyte numbers were observed with total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte percentages, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte percentages in the blood and spleen, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells. Result & Conclusion: It is concluded that PMBSW has relatively good immunostimulating effect in the MTX-induced immunosuppressed SD rats. Theefficient dosage was considered above 500mg/kg. In addition, it is considered that the immunostimulating effect of PMBSW was mediated to both the B and T lymphocytes. The more favorable effects were detected in T lymphocytes rather than B lymphocytes, and PMBSW showedrelatively good stimulating potential against CD4+ T lymphocytes but not any stimulating effect against CD8+ T lymphocytes in the present study.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2002

This study was Performed to evaluate the effective solidification of Cd sludge using cement and power plant fly ash as cement admixture, to identify the leaching characteristics of the heavy metal Cd sludge solidified, and to develope proper KLT(Korean Leaching Test) of hazardous waste. KLT was compared with EPT(Extraction Procedure Toxicity) and TCLP(Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure). Fly ash contents ranged from 0% to 30% of cement weight. The experimental results showed that the optimum amount of fly ash replaced was 10% to 15% and KLT was less appropriate than EPA and TCLP. Also the purpose of the study was to suggest the modification factors on the leaching test currently used, based on the above mentioned aspects. The effects of pH, leaching time, leaching for agitating intensity, and leaching solvent were investigated. As the result of test, the leaching potential was relatively high when the pH and agitation intensity of leaching solution were 5 and 150rpm, respectively. Leaching time of six hours was found to be sufficient and the use of acetic acid as a leaching solvent is more useful in landfill site particularly.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 1997

Mercury- and cadmium-resistant bacteria were Isolated from an Industrial complex wastewater of Taejon area. All of them were motile, gram negative rods. In the results of physicochemical test and VITEK card test. HM1 was Identified with Achetobacter cd- coaceucus, CM3 was Identified 65 Commonas acidovorns, HM2, HM3, CMI , and CM4 were Pseudomonas sp., but HM4 and CM2 were unidenteed. They were tested for subceptlbility to 14 heavy metals. Mercury-resistant bacteria(HM1, HM2, HM3, and HM4) were sensitive to low concentration(100~400ppm) of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$. $Zn^{2+}$, and Ni2+, while cadmium-resistant bacteria(CM1, CM2, CM3, and CM4) showed resistance up to the high concentration(600~ 1, 200ppm) of these metal loons. As a result of resistance spectrum test of mercury-resistant bacteria, HM1 was broad-spectrum strain, HM2. HM3, and HM4 were narrow-spectrum stratas. Transmission electron microscopic examination of cell wall of HM1 culture grown with and without 100ppm of $HgCl_2$ showed remarkably merphological abnormalities. In the result of atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of cadmium-resistant bacteria grown at 200ppm of $CdCl_2$ for 6h, all of them accumulated cadrnium(14ppm~57ppm) In cell. In cadinium-resistant bacteria, CM1, CM2, and CM4 were spared from the Inhibitory effect of $Cd^{2+}$ by the addition of $Mn^{2+}$, CM4 were also spared from the Inhibitory effect of $Cd^{2+}$ by the addition of $Mn^{2+}$ as well as $Zn^{2+}$.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2007

Objective : To investigate the effect of Samilshinkihwan(SISKW) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods : The test articles were dosed once a day for 14 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml of SISKW from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte ratio, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the blood and spleen were measured. In addition, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. Results : The changes on body weight increased significantly in the 1000mg/kgof SISKW group. The changes on the spleen weight, the total blood leukocytenumbers, the total lymphocyte numbers in the blood and spleen, the ratio of T-cell in the blood and spleen and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ T-cell in spleen increased significantly in all SISKW groups as compared with the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in blood increased significantly. The serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg SISKW groups as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Samilshinkihwanhas an effect of increasing immune responses, especially on cellular immune responses, in white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• 적정기술학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 2021

AIDS 환자는 전 세계에 4,000만 명인 것으로 추산되며, 주로 개발도상국에서 대부분의 환자가 발생하고 있다. AIDS의 원인 바이러스인 HIV는 혈중의 CD4+ T 세포에 감염되어 수개월 내지 10년 간의 잠복기간을 거치면서 CD4+ T 세포를 점점 파괴하여 환자의 면역기능을 저하시킨다. 이렇게 면역력이 약화된 AIDS 환자는 다양한 병증에 의해 사망에 이르게 된다. 현재의 CD4+ T 세포 수를 계측하는 방법은 통상 유세포분석(flow cytometry) 방법에 의해 시행되고 있다. 유세포분석 방법은 정확도가 높다는 장점이 있으나 숙련된 전문 인력이 필요하고 장비가 고가이기때문에 개발도상국에서는 이용하기 어렵다. 본 연구결과로 마이크로 여과기를 통해 소량인 5 ㎕ 혈액으로부터 백혈구를 포획하고 포획된 세포에서 CD4+ T 세포 및 CD8+ T 세포를 분석하여 AIDS를 검사하는 장비를 개발하였다. 현재의 검사 장비보다 저렴하고 고도의 기술이 필요하지 않으며 휴대가 간편한 획기적인 AIDS 검사 장비임을 시사한다.