• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.311-320
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among major satisfaction (MS), clinical competence (CC), career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMS), and career decision level (CDL) for undergraduate nursing students. A self-report instrument was used to measure MS, CC, CDMS, and CDL. Questionnaires were completed by 307 nursing students in three nursing colleges, and path analysis was employed to validate the proposed model and analyze the causal relationships among variables. Four constructs (MS, CC, CDMS, and career decision) were analyzed. To build a path model, MS and CC were linked to CDMS and career decision. The initial analysis suggested that the modification needed modification; therefore, a covariance link was added. The overall goodness of fit for indices indicated satisfactory path analysis. The indices were revealed as $x^2=2412$, GFI=0.996, AGFI=0.961, and RMSEA=0.068. As a result, the proposed model was acceptable with a good fit, and there were significant direct and indirect effects of paths in the model. Specifically, MS and CC had a direct influence on CDMS, and MS and CDMS directly affected CDL. Moreover, MS and CC had indirect effects on CDL through CDMS. These results imply that students' CDMS should be seriously considered when designing counseling programs for career guidance, and substantiality of CC education is needed to improve CDMS. These results may provide a practical guideline to provide educational intervention for nursing students.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.579-585
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• 2018

This study is to figure out the fuel injection characteristics according to the injection pressure and engine speed in the fuel supply system for gas fuel. The fuel rail pressure was from 1.5 to 6.0 bar by 1.5 bar increment and engine speed was set 1,000 ~ 6,000 RPM at interval of 1000 RPM. Considering the real engine operation, the injection pulse width was set 2.5ms, 5.0ms, and 13.0ms which correspond low, mid and high load condition respectively. In conclusion, in case of 100cc fuel rail, 4.5 bar of injection pressure showed best performance and the minimum required injection quantity 53cc which guarantees engine output can be obtained in each 1000~ 6000 rpm engine speed.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of corpus callosum (CC) size in the Alzheimer patient by using magnetic resonance (MR) midsagittal image. We performed MR scanning in 20 normal high age group, and in 20 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group, and in 20 Alzheimer disease (AD) group. The following parameters were employed in AD group: TRITE/FA 6650ms/66ms/$90^{\circ}$, NEX 2, Thickness/Gap 2/0, FOV 220mm. The magnetic field strength was used at 3.0 Tesla. We selected midsagittal image of the brain by using view forum program, measured CC size, which were anteroposterior length, diameter of genu, body, narrowing portion, and splenium. The present study demonstrates that CC size of Alzheimer disease can be useful for clinical assessment concerning the diameter of genu, body, and splenium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 1997

The paper describes the activation mode and the glycosic linkage of anti-complementary polysaccharide isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. The polysaccharide fractions, CC-IIIa, CC-IIIb, and CC-IIIc, activated C3 component existed in normal human serum and produced C3 cleavage segments, C3a and C3b. The polysaccharide, CC-2-IIIa-3 activated the complement system both in the presence and absence of $Ca^{++}$, suggesting that it involved in both classical and alternative complement pathways. Methylation of CC-2-IIIa-3 was performed with methylsulphinyl carbanion and methyl iodide in DMSO. The methylated products was hydrolyzed, then converted into the partially methylated alditol acetates. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) revealed derivatives of terminal $Glc{\rho}$ and $Gal{\rho}$, 1,2-linked $Rha{\rho}$, 1,6-linked $Man{\rho}$, 1,3-linked $Glc{\rho}$, 1,6-linked $Gal{\rho}$ etc.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of pitch perception and temporal resolution through Within-/Cross-Channel Gap Detection Thresholds (WC/CC GDTs) using low-frequency pure tones (such as 264 Hz, 373 Hz and 528 Hz related to C4, C4#, and C5 musical tones. 40 young people and 20 elderly people with normal hearing participated in this study. The results of WC GDTs were approximately 2 ms ~ 4 ms threshold values regardless of frequencies in two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in WC GDTs between groups. In both groups, CC GDTs were larger than WC GDTs, and as the frequency difference increased, the CC GDTs also increased. In particular, in the comparison between groups of CC GDTs, the results of the elderly group were 8 times ~ 10 times larger than that of the young group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. These data also showed a different trend of GDTs in comparison with the previous data obtained from musical stimuli.This study suggests that GDTs may influence pitch perception mechanisms and can be used as psychoacoustic evidence for nonlinear responses of auditory nervous system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5789-5795
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• 2013

Background: The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a widespread nuclear protein present in most cell types. It typically locates in the nucleus and functions as a nuclear cofactor in transcription regulation. However, HMGB1 can also localize in the cytoplasm and be released into extracellular matrix, where it plays critical roles in carcinogenesis and inflammation. However, it remains elusive whether HMGB1 is relocated to cytoplasm in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted by different protocols from 20 ccRCC samples and corresponding adjacent renal tissues. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to identify the expression of HMGB1 in ccRCC. To elucidate the potential mechanism of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation, HMGB1 proteins were enriched by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Results: The HMGB1 protein was overexpressed and partially localized in cytoplasm in ccRCC samples (12/20, 60%, p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry results indicated that ccRCC of high nuclear grade possess more HMGB1 relocation than those with low grade (p<0.05). Methylation of HMGB1 at lysine 112 in ccRCC was detected by MS. Bioinformatics analysis showed that post-translational modification might affect the binding ability to DNA and mediate its translocation. Conclusion: Relocation of HMGB1 to cytoplasm was confirmed in ccRCC. Methylation of HMGB1 at lysine 112 might the redistribution of this cofactor protein.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.418-423
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• 2001

CC-MS analysis on the essential oil (CC-oil) of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark led to the identification of cinnamaldehyde (CNA, 1), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2-CNA), coumarin (2), and cinnamyl acetate. The major volatile flavor in CC-oil was found to be 2-CNA. Coumarin was first isolated from this plant by photochemical isolation and spectroscopic analysis. CNA and CC-oil showed potent cytotoxicity, which was effectively prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration with CNA considerably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. These results suggest that CC-oil and CNA can regulate the triggering of hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes by the formation of a glutathione-conjugate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.210-216
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• 2008

In this study, image comparisons were carried out using a MRI contrast medium which was derived by mixing a polyaminocarboxylic ligand and a gadolinium (III) transition metal which is paramagnetic and has good neutron absorbing capabilities with Gd-DTPA which is currently being used widely in the clinical setting. By using a 1.0T (Harmony, SIEMENS) MR equipment, phantoms of which 100cc of saline was diluted with a diethylenetriaminetriacetic acid derivative and Gd-DTPA were imaged. The amount of diethylenetriaminetriacetic acid and Gd-DTPA which was diluted into the 100cc of saline was 0.05mmol/L, 0.1mmol/L, 0.15mmol/L, 0.2mmol/L, 0.3mmol/L, 0.5mmol/L, 1.0mmol/L, 2.0mmol/L, 3.0mmol/L and 4.9mmol/L respectively. Head coils were used and while fixing the SE pulse sequence and image variable (as TE is 14ms, 1NEX with a 256x201 matrix), the signal intensity and simple contrast ratios according to changing concentrations and TR were compared with various TR at 300ms, 400ms, 500ms, 600ms, 700ms, 800ms, 900ms, 1000ms, 1200ms, 1400ms and 1600ms. According to the comparison results of the signal intensity of the image based on changes in contrast medium concentrations and TR, the differences in signal intensity between the two contrast mediums were found to be small at $1.0{\sim}2.0mmol/L$ when the highest signal intensity was achieved. However, at concentrations of 1.0mmol/L or less, the signal intensity was markedly higher in the Diethylenetriaminetriacetic acid derivative than in the Gd-DTPA complex. It was also found that the differences in the signal intensities demonstrated by the concentrations of the contrast mediums were affected by the TR. Accordingly, the efficacy of the Diethylenetriaminetriacetic acid derivative was shown to be better than the Gd-DTPA and also possible to get the optimum image quality by the use of an appropriate TR with appropriate concentrations of contrast medium.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.354-359
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of kimchi treated with different methods of water extracts of powdered green tea(GT). Four different kimchis, the SB-kimchi(control) which was not treatment of the extracts, SG-kimchi prepared with Chinese cabbage(CC) salted in 1％ GT containing 10％ brine, DG-kimchi prepared with CC dipped in 1％ GT for 30 min after salting, MS-kimchi prepared with the salted CC mixed with 1％ GT containing seasonings. All kimchis was fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$. The pH of treated-kimchis were maintained higher than those of control products during fermentation, but it showed no big difference between each treated groups. Total microbe of SB-kimchi(6.27-9.37 cfu/mL) was higher than those of GT-treated kimchi(5.17-9.20) during fermentation. The ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe was higher than the treated kimchis. Total polyphenol content of kimchi was 52.75 mg％ in DG-kimchi, 47.71 mg％ in MS-kimchi, 44.89 mg％ in SG-kimchi, 30.70 mg％ in SB-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation. Scores of crispy taste of SG- and DG-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation was 4.03 and 4.01 points, respectively which was higher than control products. Scores of fishy and hot taste of GT-treated kimchi were lower than those of control products during all fermentation periods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.345-359
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of kimchi treated with different methods of water extracts of powdered green tea(GT). Four different kimchis, the SB-kimchi(control) which was not treatment of the extracts, SG-kimchi prepared with Chinese cabbage(CC) salted in 1％ GT containing 10％ brine, DG-kimchi prepared with CC dipped in 1％ GT for 30 min after salting, MS-kimchi prepared with the salted CC mixed with 1％ GT containing seasonings. All kimchis was fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$. The pH of treated-kimchis were maintained higher than those of control products during fermentation, but it showed no big difference between each treated groups. Total microbe of SB-kimchi(6.27-9.37 cfu/mL) was higher than those of GT-treated kimchi(5.17-9.20) during fermentation. The ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe was higher than the treated kimchis. Total polyphenol content of kimchi was 52.75 mg％ in DG-kimchi, 47.71 mg％ in MS-kimchi, 44.89 mg％ in SG-kimchi, 30.70 mg％ in SB-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation. Scores of crispy taste of SG- and DG-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation was 4.03 and 4.01 points, respectively which was higher than control products. Scores of fishy and hot taste of GT-treated kimchi were lower than those of control products during all fermentation periods.