• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1993년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 서강대학교, 서울; 25 Sep. 1993
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• pp.134-152
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• 1993

Many business forecasting problems are characterized by infrequent occurences, a large number of variables, presence of error, and great complexity. Because no forecasting models and tools are effective in handing these problems, managers often use the outcomes of past analogous cases to predict the outcome of the current one. They (1) observe significant attributes in describing a case, (2) identify the past cases similar in these attributes to the current case, and (3) predict the outcome of the current case based on those of the analogous cases identified through some mental simulation and adjustment. This process of forecasting can be termed forecasting-by-analogy. In spite of fairly frequent use of this forecasting process in practice, however, if has not been recognized as a primary forecasting tool, nor applied on a regular basis. In this paper, by automatizing this process using computer models, we develop a case-based forecasting system(CBFS), which identifies relevant cases and applies their outcomes to generate a forecast. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the CBFS in terms of its accuracy in predicting the outcome of the current problem based on the similar cases identified. We compare the forecasting accuracy of the CBFS with that of regression models developed by stepwise procedure under varied simulated problem conditions. The CBFS outperforms regression models in most comparisons. The CBFS could be used as an effective forecasting tool.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1994

Many business forecasting problems are characterized by infrequent occurrences, a large number of variables, presence of error, and great complexity. Because no forecasting models and tools are effective in handing these problems, managers often use the outcomes of past analogous cases to predict the outcome of the current one. They (1) observe significant attributes in describing a case, (2) identify the past cases similar in these attributes to the current case, and (3) predict the outcome of the current case based on those of the analogous cases identified through some mental simulation and adjustment. This process of forecasting can be termed forecasting-by-analogy. In spite of fairly frequent use of this forecasting process in practice, however, it has not been recognized as a primary forecasting tool, nor applied on a regular basis. In this paper, by automatizing this process using computer models, we develop a case-based forecasting system (CBFS), which identifies relevant cases and applies their coutcomes to generate a forecast. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the CBFS in terms of its accuracy in predicting the outcome of the current problem based on the similar cases identified. We compare the forecasting accuracy of the CBFS with that of regression models developed by stepwise procedure under varied simulated problem conditions. The CBFS outperforms regression models in most comparisons. The CBFS could be used as an effective forecasting tool.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2018

The requirement to safe and economical buildings caused to the exploitation of nonlinear capacity structures and optimization of them. This requirement leads to forming seismic design method based on performance. In this study, concentrically braced frames (CBFs) have been optimized at the immediate occupancy (IO) and collapse prevention (CP) levels. Minimizing structural weight is taken as objective function subjected to performance constraints on inter-story drift ratios at various performance levels. In order to evaluate the seismic capacity of the CBFs, pushover analysis is conducted, and the process of optimization has been done by using Bee Algorithm. Results indicate that performance based design caused to have minimum structural weight and due to increase capacity of CBFs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.317-335
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• 2016

Concentrically braced steel frames (CBFs) can be optimised during the seismic design process by using lateral loading distributions derived from the concept of uniform damage distribution. However, it is not known how such structures are affected by uncertainties. This study aims to quantify and manage the effects of structural and ground-motion uncertainty on the seismic performance of optimum and conventionally designed CBFs. Extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on 5, 10 and 15-storey frames to investigate the effects of storey shear-strength and damping ratio uncertainties by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. For typical uncertainties in conventional steel frames, optimum design frames always exhibit considerably less inter-storey drift and cumulative damage compared to frames designed based on IBC-2012. However, it is noted that optimum structures are in general more sensitive to the random variation of storey shear-strength. It is shown that up to 50% variation in damping ratio does not affect the seismic performance of the optimum design frames compared to their code-based counterparts. Finally, the results indicate that the ground-motion uncertainty can be efficiently managed by optimizing CBFs based on the average of a set of synthetic earthquakes representing a design spectrum. Compared to code-based design structures, CBFs designed with the proposed average patterns exhibit up to 54% less maximum inter-storey drift and 73% less cumulative damage under design earthquakes. It is concluded that the optimisation procedure presented is reliable and should improve the seismic performance of CBFs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.479-491
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys (SMA) exhibit superelasticity which refers to the capability of entirely recovering large deformation upon removal of applied forces and dissipating input energy during the cyclic loading reversals when the environment is above the austenite finish temperature. This property is increasingly favored by the earthquake engineering community, which is currently developing resilient structures with prompt recovery and affordable repair cost after earthquakes. Compared with the other SMAs, NiTi SMAs are widely deemed as the most promising candidate in earthquake engineering. This paper contributes to evaluate the seismic performance of properly designed concentrically braced frames (CBFs) equipped with NiTi SMA braces under earthquake ground motions corresponding to frequently-occurred, design-basis and maximum-considered earthquakes. An ad hoc seismic design approach that was previously developed for structures with idealized SMAs was introduced to size the building members, by explicitly considering the strain hardening characteristics of NiTi SMA particularly. The design procedure was conducted to compliant with a suite of ground motions associated with the hazard level of design-basis earthquake. A total of four six-story CBFs were designed by setting different ductility demands for SMA braces while designating with a same interstory drift target for the structural systems. The analytical results show that all the designed frames successfully met the prescribed seismic performance objectives, including targeted maximum interstory drift, uniform deformation demand over building height, eliminated residual deformation, controlled floor acceleration, and slight damage in the main frame. In addition, this study indicates that the strain hardening behavior does not necessarily impose undesirable impact on the global seismic performance of CBFs with SMA braces.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.154-160
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• 1997

By their rapid and periodic actions, the cilia of the human respiratory tract play an important role in clearing inhaled noxious particles. Based on the automated image-processing technique, we studied ciliary beat frequency (CBF) objectively and quantitatively. Microscopic ciliary images were transformed into digitized gray ones through an image-grabber, and from these we extracted signals or CBF. By means of a FFT, maximum peak frequencies were detected as CBFs in each partitioned block or the entire digitized field. With these CBFs, we composed distribution maps visualiy showing the spatial distribution of CBFs. Through distribution maps of CBF, the whole aspects of CBF changes or cells and the difference of CBF of neighboring cells can be easily measured and detected. Histogram statistics calculated from the user-defined polygonal window can show the local dominant frequency presumed to be the CBF of a cell or a crust the region includes.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

카운팅 블룸필터는 표준 블룸필터에서 제공하지 못하는 삭제 기능을 제공하여, 동적 집합에 대한 멤버쉽 쿼리를 허용하므로, 다양한 네트워크 알고리즘과 어플리케이션에 널리 사용된다. 그러나 카운팅 기능으로 인해 표준 블룸필터에는 없었던 오버플로우가 발생할 수 있고 이에 따라 거짓 음성이 발생할 수 있다. 4-비트 카운팅 블룸필터가 일반적으로 많이 사용되는데, 이는 모든 카운터에 4 비트를 할당하므로 메모리를 낭비한다는 단점이 있다. 거짓 음성의 가능성을 제거하고 메모리 사용량을 줄이기 위해서, 본 논문은 카운팅 블룸필터의 변형인 터너리 블룸필터(Ternary Bloom filter)를 제안한다. TBF는 하나의 카운터에 2개 이상의 원소가 대응될 경우, 더 이상의 삽입이나 삭제가 불가능하게 정한 구조이다. 실험을 통해 4-비트 카운팅 블룸필터와 같은 크기의 메모리 사용 시 TBF는 거짓 음성을 발생시키지 않을 뿐 아니라 거짓 양성률에 있어서도 상당한 우위를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1998

인체의 기도 내 섬모 세포는 세포간의 동기화된 고 속의 움직임을 통하여 호흡기를 통하여 들어오는 유해한 물질을 제거하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 자동화된 영상처리 기법을 기반으로 CBF를 객관적이고 정량적인 방법으로 측정할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 광학 현미경의 세포 영상은 영상 수집 보드를 통하여 연속적으로 디지털화 된다. 이러한 디지털 영상으로부터 분석에 필요한 신호가 추출되고 분석된다. 획득된 영상을 현미경의 배율을 고려하여 적당한 크기의 사각형 블록으로 나눈 다음 각각에 대하여 FFT 방법에 의해 파워 스펙트럼을 구한다. 파워 스펙트럼의 최고치 주파수가 CBF로 간주되고 이 주파수들을 이용하여 영상 필드 내의 CBF분포를 시각적으로 보여주는 CBF 분포도가 구성된다. 스펙트럼의 최고치 주파수가 CBFD로 간주되고 이 주파수들을 이용하여 영상 필드 내의 CBF 분포를 시각적으로 보여주는 CBF분포도가 구성된다. CBF분포도는 세포간의 CBF차이를 쉽게 구분할 수 있게 해줄 뿐만 아니라 CBF분포의 전체적인 변화 양상을 파악하기 쉽게 해준다. 관찰자가 지정하는 다각형의 윈도우 내의 CBF히스토그램 분포를 통하여 세포 또는 세포 크러스트의 특정 부분의 CBF를 측정할 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The researches related to active control systems utilizing superelastic shape memory alloys (SMA) have been recently conducted to reduce critical damage due to lateral deformation after severe earthquakes. Although Superelastic SMAs undergo considerable inelastic deformation, they can return to original conditions without heat treatment only after stress removal. We can expect the mitigation of residual deformation owing to inherent recentering characteristics when these smart materials are installed at the part where large deformation is likely to occur. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research is to develop concentrically braced frames (CBFs) with superelastic SMA bracing systems and to evaluate the seismic performance of such frame structures. In order to investigate the inter-story drift response of CBF structures, 3- and 6-story buildings were design according to current design specifications, and then nonlinear time-history analyses were performed on numerical 2D frame models. Based on the numerical analysis results, it can be comparatively verified that the CBFs with superelastic SMA bracing systems have more structural advantages in terms of energy dissipation and recentering behavior than those with conventional steel bracing systems.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.