• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 1991

Tho osseointegrated dental prosthetic treatment has develped for the edentulous patient with severely resorbed alveolar ridge, and has given us a successful clinical results to date. Nowadays the partially edentulism is included among the indications of the osseointegrated prosthetic treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution at supporting bone according to the types of connection modality between implant and tooth in the superstructure. Two dimensional finite element stress analysis was applied for this study. FEM models were created using software Super SAP for MBM 16bit personal computer. Three modalities of connection were modeled and analyzed under load condition. The results were as follws: 1. The stress develped at tooth and implant in the cancellous bone was lower in the case of rigid connection than in the case of norigid connection, but higher between the two implants in the case of rigid connection than in the case of nonrigid connection. 2. The stress developed at the cortical bone and at the supporting bone interface was lower in the case of rigid connection than in the case of nonrigid connection 3. The stress developed at the supporting tissue interface of the implant nearby the tooth, was lower in the case of rigid connection than in the case of nonrigid connection. 4. The stress developed at the supporting tissue interface of posteriormost implant, was same between the cases of rigid and nonrigid connection. 5. The stress distribution related to the freestanding case was generally similar to the stress distribution pattern of nonrigid connection case. 6. The magnitude of applied load which produces deformation within elastic limit, had influence on the absolute value of stress, but had no influence on the pattern of stress distribution of the same case.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

The objective of the research is to analyze changing trend of water discharge in precipitation, according to changing land use, through an environment-friendly urban development method called LID. The study chose S1 basin (Separated Sewer districts) in Cheongju region for survey. Among LID methods, relatively more applicable methods of green rooftop space and parking lot with permeable material were selected to construct plausible scenarios. Curve Number (CN) value was calculated due to land use patterns in each scenario, and SWMM model simulation were conducted during 2008 for comparative analysis. For Case 1, only parking lot with permeable material was applied to the scenario. Green rooftop space I and II were applied to Case 2 and 3 respectively. For Case 4 and 5, green rooftop space I and II were applied, in addition to parking lot with permeable material, Calculation of CN value showed that for S1 basin, the value was 88.1 (prior to scenario application), 86.5 (Case 1), 81.9 (Case 2), 68.5 (Case 3), 80.4 (Case 4) and 67.2 (Case 5). Changing pattern of rain water discharge was analyzed for each scenario. For Case 1, the change was not remarkable before and after application of scenario. In Case 2 and 4, the impact of rain water discharge as source of pollutant fell to 20~30%. The rate dropped to 30~50% in Case 3 and 5 respectively. The result demonstrates that the amount of rain water discharge, amount and frequency of sewer overflow, frequency of rain water discharge, and pollution load decreased in accordance with declining CN value in each scenario. In installing green rooftop space, the effect was twice greater when rain water discharge was directly infiltrated into soil.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.157-178
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• 1997

1. Only 6 libraries(23.1%) among 26 surveyed libraries have a person or part in charge of continuing education. It means that the method to select education program and education object is systemless. The 19 libraries (73.1%) encourage continuing education of librarian. 2. Compared with the group who didn't receive a formal education, the group who received have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in Internet education case. And the group that received a formal education have also a high degree in the grade of ability for job in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction for job in the carreer is significantly different according to the formal education in Internet education case and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Sob in the scholarship are significantly different according to the formal education in internet and computer OA education case 3. Compared with the group that didn't receive periodical education the group that received periodical education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction for Job in internet education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in the carreer are significantly different according to the periodical education in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for businessin in the scholarship are significantly different according to the periodical education in internet and OA education case. 4. Compared with the group that didn't receive self-education the group that received self-education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the carreer are significantly different according to the self education in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the scholarship are significantly different according to the self-education in internet and OA education case.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.28-41
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of case reports about Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). Methods Case reports published from March, 2015 to March, 2018 in Journal of SCM were identified by searching from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS). We assessed the quality of reporting of them based on CAse REport (CARE) guideline. Results A total of 39 case reports were finally included for the assessment. Overall quality of reporting was acceptable because case report even less reporting items mentioned 70.4% of them. However, the quality level was uneven because the maximum report rate was 77.8 %, the minimum 44.4 %, and the median 66.7 % when rigorously assessed. More than 50% of 39 case reports did not report 6 items about intervention adherence and tolerability, Diagnostic challenges, patient's perspective on interventions, informed consent, timeline, and adverse events, and did not sufficiently report 4 items about inclusion of terms such as case reports or SCM in keyword, symptoms of patient in abstract, information such as occupation relevant with psychosocial history, and the rationale for conclusions. Conclusions Efforts to improve the quality of reporting in SCM, and to develop case reporting guidelines appropriate for SCM are required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.704-708
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• 2008

유역 통합 수자원 환경관리 시스템 내의 유출예측모듈인 RRFS를 통한 유출예측결과의 신뢰도 개선을 위해 ESP 기법을 금강유역에 적용하였다. 시나리오를 통해 생성된 유출예측 앙상블을 이용하여 50%의 확률값을 적용하여 본 결과 우리나라의 실정에 맞지 않아 예측의 결과를 적용하기 힘들고 수자원 관리의 정보로서 활용하기 힘들기 때문에 통계적인 분석을 통하여 정확도가 개선된 발생확률을 제시하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 금강유역을 용담, 대청, 공주 지점으로 나눈 뒤, 유출량의 확률 예보를 위하여 '83년$\sim$'07년까지 25년간의 강우자료와 온도자료를 RRFS에 적용하여 '07년의 매월 25개의 유출 시나리오를 생성하였다. 생성된 유출 시나리오에서 Case별로 ESP확률을 산정하였다. 통계분석을 통해 얻어진 월별 ESP 확률분포를 이용하여 '02년부터 '07년까지 과거 실측 월별 유출량에 대한 ESP 확률범위를 결정하였고 년강수량의 2/3가 홍수기인 $6{\sim}9$월 사이에 집중되는 우리나라의 특성을 고려해 이수기(1월$\sim$6월 그리고 10월$\sim$12월)와 홍수기(7월$\sim$9월)로 분리한 후 각각에 대한 ESP 확률 값을 최종적으로 결정하였다. Case별로 '07년 금강유역에 적용한 결과, Case 2로 산정된 ESP확률 값이 다른 Case에 비해 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. Case 1 큰 오차가 나는 ESP 확률을 제외한 평균 ESP확률의 적용, Case 2 월별 최소 오차가 나는 ESP확률의 적용, Case 3 Case2의 월별 ESP확률을 이수기 홍수기로 평균한 ESP확률 적용, Case 4 분기별 최소 오차가 나는 ESP확률의 적용, Case 5 Case4의 분기별 ESP확률을 이수기 홍수기로 평균한 ESP확률의 적용.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.195-214
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• 2013

Case-based reasoning is a methodology for solving problems more quickly and efficiently by bringing the most similar case of a given problem from past cases and transforming it to fit the current situation. The most important performance indicator of case-based reasoning is the number of cases, so it is difficult to apply the methodology for the area which has not enough cases. In this paper, we proposed a method to exchange cases based on the Semantic Web in order to overcome the problems. Inparticular, we separated cases into sub-cases to make it possible creating new cases by combining the appropriate sub-cases even if there was no proper full case. In order to achieve that, we designed an ontology that connects a case and its sub-cases, represents detailed similarity rules that compare sub-cases, and represents the rules for the combination of sub-cases. Moreover, we designed and implemented a semantic distributed case-based reasoning framework where a case requester can request sub-cases via the Web from case providers and integrates sub-cases into a new case by using the ontology.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.997-1009
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• 2011

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1995

This study aimed to compare the anti-stress effect of Guibitang with Ascorbic Acid on the guinea pigs in heat or forced swimming stress. the experimental animals were heated in hot room$(34{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$ for 2 hours in a day during 7 days. Forced swimming stress was loaded by forcing guinea pigs to swim in a oval tub for 2 minutes in a day during 7days. And administered 1.0mg/100g of Ascorbic Acid or 86.0mg/100g of Guibitang extract formonce befor stress. 1. In brain, the contents of norepinephrine in group of the heat of forced swimming stress, in case administered Ascorbic Acid and in case administered Guibitang extract with Ascorbic Acid significantly decreases as compared with these in case administered non Ascoric Acid. 2. In brain, the contents of epinephrine in group of the forced swimming stress, in case administered Guibitang extract with Ascorbic Acid significantly decreases as compared with these in case administered non Ascorbic Acid. 3. In brain, the contents of dopamine in group of the heating stress, in case administered Guibitang extract with Ascorbic Acid significantly decreases as compared with these in case administered non Ascorbic Acid, and these in group of the forced swimming stress in case administered Ascorbic Acid and in case administered Guibitang extract without Ascorbic Acid and in case administered Guibitang extract with Ascorbic Acid significantly decreases as compared with these in case administered non Ascorbic Acid.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.30-36
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• 2011

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle system for all possible dynamic situation including the worst case such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with dwell steering maneuvers are applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they aren't enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst cases including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for vehicle dynamic controller in simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle is selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.883-892
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• 2016

Spectrum-based fault localization (SFL) method assigns a suspicious ratio. The statement is strongly affected by a failed test case compared to a passed test case. A failed test case assigns a suspicious ratio while a passed test case reduces some parts of assigned suspicious ratio. In the absence of a failed test case, it is impossible to localize the fault. Thus, a failed test case is very important for fault localization. However, spectrum-based fault localization has difficulty in reflecting the unique characteristics of a failed test because a failed test case and a passed test case are input at the same time to calculate a suspicious ratio. This paper supplements for this limitation and suggests a test case grouping method for more accurate fault localization. In addition, this paper suggested a filtering method considering test efficiency and verified the effectiveness by applying 65 algorithms. In 90 % of whole methods, the accuracy was improved by 13% and the effectiveness was improved by 72% based on EXAM score.