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A Study on the Sustainable Ewha Mural Village in a Viewpoint of Urban Regeneration (도시재생 관점에서 지속가능한 이화동 벽화마을에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, bo-mi;Son, Yong-Hoon;Lee, Dong-Kun;Lee, Hyun-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to propose a sustainable village-unit urban regeneration plan for the Ewha Mural Village, where mural artists recovered concrete fences to be followed by some residents damaging the mural paintings. Through a review of the existing literature and a preliminary survey, we derived the urban regeneration factors (environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability) applicable at the village level. After an empirical survey on the residents, we tried to identify various problems of the Ewha Mural Village. Residents selected the factors of accessibility, parking management, diversity of industries, creation of new jobs, community participation of residents for the mural village's activation, and stable living spaces. In the case of Ewha Mural Village, physical environment factors for the residents at the time of construction were not considered and the village was mainly planned using budget-based murals. Since then, the inequality of economic benefits intensified the conflicts among the residents. In addition, public benefits, such as establishing new industries and employing outsiders, were not provided, and these facts appear to have led to an unsustainable murals village, in which the murals that are the protagonists of the village revitalization are being destroyed. Therefore, the urban regeneration of Ewha Mural Village should be designed considering a region where some residential areas can be transformed into tourist areas. In addition, it is essential to employ a win-win method to improve the living environment, such as road maintenance, not only partial economic benefits, such as increased land-value, and to increase resident's value as a common asset within the village itself.

A City Desirable for Living, A Sustainable Community - Sustainable Development and Housing Viewed through Urban Hanok Residential Areas and Hanyangdoseong Neighborhood Village in Seoul - (살고 싶은 도시, 지속가능한 공동체 - 한옥주거지와 성곽마을을 통해 본 지속가능한 개발과 주거 -)

  • Kim, Young Soo
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.240-255
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    • 2016
  • In many cities in the East and West during the modern period, historical resources were perceived as obstacles to urban development and were treated as deficiencies calling for development. Korea underwent a process of drastic urbanization and industrialization almost unprecedented in modern history. In this process of turmoil, cities expanded rapidly and went through a series of changes. City development followed a repeated cycle in which resources were concentrated in the city area, which, in turn, led to further development. However, such method of development is reaching its limits. In order to make a city desirable for living, it is crucial to make an effort to build a sustainable city environment where life and history coexist harmoniously. It is now time to consider how to carry forth sustainable development in the city where the past, present, and future coexist. If so, how will the future of our cities look and the form of housing change? To answer this question, we examined Urban Hanok Residential Areas and Hanyangdoseong neighborhood village, which went through rapid changes in the modern period. The Hanok, which was a commonplace sight in the past, has been perceived as an underdeveloped form of housing, easily targeted for redevelopment only a few years ago; so was the case with Hanyangdoseong neighborhood village. Yet now these are being revalued as sustainable housing areas able to coexist with the history of the city. That is, through restoration, their potential of contributing to the history and identity of the city is gaining recognition. In this regard, it holds great implications for us to look at the changes that traditional Korean housing areas and castle villages have undergone.

A Study on Improving Operating System of an Intangible Cultural Heritage by an Ecological Perspective (생태계적 방식에 의한 무형문화유산 체계 연구 - 자생력 강화방안을 중심으로 -)

  • Oh, Jung-Shim
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.30-45
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that transmissions of an intangible cultural heritage in Korea may be cut off because it is separated from human and social environment and protected and managed under the national system. In addition, another purpose is to criticize concept and method dichotomy in the current institution from an ecological perspective and consider the problem that the intangible cultural heritages are transmitted mainly by holders having skills and accomplishments by distinguishing them from others. Furthermore, the last purpose is to suggest a direction of policy emphasizing an importance of establishment of environment which allows nurture, change and development of local people, which may ensure continuous transmission in order to solve the problem and a transmission system of the intangible cultural heritage by using a principle in which the system is operated by self-recovery and natural rule of the ecology. The findings of this study show that seven problems can be analyzed by reviewing concept establishment and protection and transmission measure of intangible cultural heritages according to the Cultural Properties Protection Law, based on the ecological perspective. The protection and transmission methods of the intangible cultural heritage through the cultural heritage ecology are suggested by applying ecological theory to it. The intangible cultural heritage ecology defined in this paper means 'a sustainable community consisting of intangible cultural heritage, subject of activity and physical environment.' Since it is operated according to the principle reflecting the rules and features of natural ecology, it can keep system through self-recovery without an external intervention, as the case of natural ecology.

Techniques and Traditional Knowledge of the Korean Onggi Potter (옹기장인의 옹기제작기술과 전통지식)

  • Kim, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.142-157
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    • 2015
  • This study examines how traditional knowledge functions in the specific techniques to make pottery in terms of the traditional knowledge on the pottery techniques of Onggi potters. It focuses on how traditional pottery manufacturing skills are categorized and what aspects are observed with regard to the techniques. The pottery manufacturing process is divided into the preparation step of raw material, the molding step of pottery, and the final plasticity step. Each step involves unique traditional knowledge. The preparation step mainly comprises the knowledge on different kinds of mud. The knowledge is about the colors and properties of mud, the information on the regional distribution of quality mud, and the techniques to optimize mud for pottery manufacturing. The molding step mainly involves the structure and shape of spinning wheels, the techniques to accumulate mud, ways to use different kinds of tools, the techniques to dry processed pottery. The plasticity step involves the knowledge on kilns and the scheme to build kilns, the skills to stack pottery inside of the kilns, the knowledge on firewood and efficient ways of wood burning, the discrimination of different kinds of fire and the techniques to stoke the kilns. These different kinds of knowledge may be roughly divided into three categories : the preparation of raw material, molding, and plasticity. They are closely connected with one another, which is because it becomes difficult to manufacture quality pottery even with only one incorrect factor. The contents of knowledge involved in the manufacturing process of pottery focused are mainly about raw material, color, shape, distribution aspect, fusion point, durability, physical property, etc, which are all about science. They are rather obtained through the experimental learning process of apprenticeship, not through the official education. It is not easy to categorize the knowledge involved. Most of the knowledge can be understood in the category of ethnoscience. In terms of the UNESCO world heritage of intangible cultural assets, the knowledge is mainly about 'the knowledge on nature and universe'. Unique knowledge and skills are, however, identified in the molding step. They can be referred to 'body techniques', which unify the physical stance of potters, tools they employ, and the conceived pottery. Potters themselves find it difficult to articulate the knowledge. In case stated, it cannot be easily understood without the experience and knowledge on the field. From the preparation of raw material to the complete products, the techniques and traditional knowledge involved in the process of manufacturing pottery are closely connected, employing numerous categories and levels. Such an aspect can be referred to as a 'techniques chain'. Here the techniques mean not only the scientific techniques but also, in addition to the skills, the knowledge of various techniques and levels including habitual, unconscious behaviors of potters.

A Study on the Designer's Post-Evaluation of Gyeongui Line Forest Park Based on Ground Theory - Focused on Yeonnam-dong Section - (근거이론을 활용한 설계자의 경의선숲길공원 사후평가 - 연남동 구간을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Eun-Young;Hong, Youn-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2019
  • This research is based on the analysis of in-depth interviews of designers who participated in the design of the Yeonnam-dong section, which was completed in 2016. The case study site has received many domestic and foreign awards and is receiving very positive reviews from actual users. 53 concepts were derived from the open coding of the ground theory methodology. Thirty-four higher categories incorporated the concepts and 18 higher categories that reintegrated them. Later, the six categories of the ground theory were interpreted as the paradigm, and it was determined that the aspects of 'will of client' and 'work efficiency', 'site resources' and 'field manager's specialty' were the categories that had the greatest positive impact on the park construction. The key category of this park's construction was interpreted as "a park-construction model with active empathy and communication." The results of the study and are linked to the following research proposals. First, the need to improve the trust between the client and the landscape designer and the need to improve the customary administrative procedures; second, the importance of the input of landscape experts into the park construction process; third, the importance of all efforts to develop the design; fourth, the importance of on-site circular resources and landscape preservation; and fifth active social participation to increase the opportunity. This study, which seeks to grasp the facts that existed behind the park's construction, which received excellent internal and external evaluations, and has a qualitative, objective and structural interpretation of the social network related to the park's construction, in contrast to the conventional quantitative post-evaluation. It is expected that the administration and system improvements related to landscaping will be further improved through the continuation of in-depth post-evaluation studies.

Comparison of Characteristics of Electrodeposited Lithium Electrodes Under Various Electroplating Conditions (다양한 전착조건에서 제작된 리튬 전극의 특성 연구)

  • Lim, Rana;Lee, Minhee;Kim, Jeom-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.128-137
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    • 2019
  • A lithium is the lightest metal on the earth. It has some attractive characteristics as a negative electrode material such as a low reduction potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE) and a high theoretical capacity ($3,860mAh\;g^{-1}$). Therefore, it has been studied as a next generation anode material for high energy lithium batteries. The thin lithium electrode is required to maximize the efficiency and energy density of the battery, but the physical roll-press method has a limitation in manufacturing thin lithium. In this study, thin lithium electrode was fabricated by electrodeposition under various conditions such as compositions of electrolytes and the current density. Deposited lithium showed strong relationship between process condition and its characteristics. The concentration of electrolyte affects to the shape of deposited lithium particle. As the concentration increases, the shape of particle changes from a sharp edged long one to a rounded lump. The former shape is favorable for suppressing dendrite formation and the elec-trode shows good stripping efficiency of 92.68% (3M LiFSI in DME, $0.4mA\;cm^{-2}$). The shape of deposited particle also affected by the applied current density. When the amount of current applied gets larger the shape changes to the sharp edged long one like the case of the low concentration electrolyte. The combination of salts and solvents, 1.5M LiFSI + 1.5M LiTFSI in DME : DOL [1 : 1 vol%] (Du-Co), was applied to the electrolyte for the lithium deposition. The lithium electrode obtained from this electrolyte composition shows the best stripping efficiency (97.26%) and the stable reversibility. This is presumed to be due to the stability of the surface film induced by the Li-F component and the DOL effect of providing film flexibility.

In Vitro Quantum Dot LED to Inhibit the Growth of Major Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in Lettuce (Quantum Dot LED를 이용한 상추 주요 병원성 곰팡이 및 세균의 생장억제효과 기내실험)

  • Lee, Hyun-Goo;Kim, Sang-Woo;Adhikari, Mahesh;Gurung, Sun Kumar;Bazie, Setu;Kosol, San;Gwon, Byeong-Heon;Ju, Han-Jun;Ko, Young-Wook;Kim, Yong-Duk;Yoo, Yong-Whan;Park, Tae-Hee;Shin, Jung-Chul;Kim, Min-Ha;Lee, Youn Su
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.114-123
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    • 2019
  • QD LED has an ideal light source for growing crops and can also be used to control plant pathogenic microorganisms. The mycelial growth inhibition effect of QD LED light on Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora drechsleri, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. According to the results, BLUE (450 nm) light, suppressed S. sclerotiorum by 16.7% at 50 cm height from the light source, and 94.1% mycelial growth at 30 cm height. Mycelial growth of Sclerotinia minor was inhibited by 80.4% at 50 cm height and 36.3% at 50 cm height in B. cinerea. S. minor, and B. cinerea was inhibited by 100% mycelial growth at a height of 30 cm from the light source. At 15 cm height, all three pathogens (B. cinerea, S. minor, and S. sclerotiorum) was inhibited by 100%. QD RED (M1) and QD RED (M2) light suppressed mycelial growth of S. minor and B. cinerea by 100% at 30 cm and 15 cm height from the light source. For S. sclerotiorum, QD RED (M1) and QD RED (M2) showed 75.2% and 100% inhibition, respectively. Further experiment was conducted to know the suppression effect of lights after inoculating the fungal pathogens on lettuce crop. According to the results, QD RED (M2) suppressed the S. sclerotiorum by 59.9%. In addition, Blue (450 nm), QD RED (M1), and QD RED (M2) light reduce the infestation by 59.9%. In case of B. cinerea, disease reduction was found 84% by BLUE (450 nm) light. Results suggest that the growth inhibition of mycelium increases by Quantum dot LED light.

Multi-Vector Document Embedding Using Semantic Decomposition of Complex Documents (복합 문서의 의미적 분해를 통한 다중 벡터 문서 임베딩 방법론)

  • Park, Jongin;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 2019
  • According to the rapidly increasing demand for text data analysis, research and investment in text mining are being actively conducted not only in academia but also in various industries. Text mining is generally conducted in two steps. In the first step, the text of the collected document is tokenized and structured to convert the original document into a computer-readable form. In the second step, tasks such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling are conducted according to the purpose of analysis. Until recently, text mining-related studies have been focused on the application of the second steps, such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling. However, with the discovery that the text structuring process substantially influences the quality of the analysis results, various embedding methods have actively been studied to improve the quality of analysis results by preserving the meaning of words and documents in the process of representing text data as vectors. Unlike structured data, which can be directly applied to a variety of operations and traditional analysis techniques, Unstructured text should be preceded by a structuring task that transforms the original document into a form that the computer can understand before analysis. It is called "Embedding" that arbitrary objects are mapped to a specific dimension space while maintaining algebraic properties for structuring the text data. Recently, attempts have been made to embed not only words but also sentences, paragraphs, and entire documents in various aspects. Particularly, with the demand for analysis of document embedding increases rapidly, many algorithms have been developed to support it. Among them, doc2Vec which extends word2Vec and embeds each document into one vector is most widely used. However, the traditional document embedding method represented by doc2Vec generates a vector for each document using the whole corpus included in the document. This causes a limit that the document vector is affected by not only core words but also miscellaneous words. Additionally, the traditional document embedding schemes usually map each document into a single corresponding vector. Therefore, it is difficult to represent a complex document with multiple subjects into a single vector accurately using the traditional approach. In this paper, we propose a new multi-vector document embedding method to overcome these limitations of the traditional document embedding methods. This study targets documents that explicitly separate body content and keywords. In the case of a document without keywords, this method can be applied after extract keywords through various analysis methods. However, since this is not the core subject of the proposed method, we introduce the process of applying the proposed method to documents that predefine keywords in the text. The proposed method consists of (1) Parsing, (2) Word Embedding, (3) Keyword Vector Extraction, (4) Keyword Clustering, and (5) Multiple-Vector Generation. The specific process is as follows. all text in a document is tokenized and each token is represented as a vector having N-dimensional real value through word embedding. After that, to overcome the limitations of the traditional document embedding method that is affected by not only the core word but also the miscellaneous words, vectors corresponding to the keywords of each document are extracted and make up sets of keyword vector for each document. Next, clustering is conducted on a set of keywords for each document to identify multiple subjects included in the document. Finally, a Multi-vector is generated from vectors of keywords constituting each cluster. The experiments for 3.147 academic papers revealed that the single vector-based traditional approach cannot properly map complex documents because of interference among subjects in each vector. With the proposed multi-vector based method, we ascertained that complex documents can be vectorized more accurately by eliminating the interference among subjects.

A Study on the Effect of the Document Summarization Technique on the Fake News Detection Model (문서 요약 기법이 가짜 뉴스 탐지 모형에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Jae-Seung;Won, Ha-Ram;Ahn, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.201-220
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    • 2019
  • Fake news has emerged as a significant issue over the last few years, igniting discussions and research on how to solve this problem. In particular, studies on automated fact-checking and fake news detection using artificial intelligence and text analysis techniques have drawn attention. Fake news detection research entails a form of document classification; thus, document classification techniques have been widely used in this type of research. However, document summarization techniques have been inconspicuous in this field. At the same time, automatic news summarization services have become popular, and a recent study found that the use of news summarized through abstractive summarization has strengthened the predictive performance of fake news detection models. Therefore, the need to study the integration of document summarization technology in the domestic news data environment has become evident. In order to examine the effect of extractive summarization on the fake news detection model, we first summarized news articles through extractive summarization. Second, we created a summarized news-based detection model. Finally, we compared our model with the full-text-based detection model. The study found that BPN(Back Propagation Neural Network) and SVM(Support Vector Machine) did not exhibit a large difference in performance; however, for DT(Decision Tree), the full-text-based model demonstrated a somewhat better performance. In the case of LR(Logistic Regression), our model exhibited the superior performance. Nonetheless, the results did not show a statistically significant difference between our model and the full-text-based model. Therefore, when the summary is applied, at least the core information of the fake news is preserved, and the LR-based model can confirm the possibility of performance improvement. This study features an experimental application of extractive summarization in fake news detection research by employing various machine-learning algorithms. The study's limitations are, essentially, the relatively small amount of data and the lack of comparison between various summarization technologies. Therefore, an in-depth analysis that applies various analytical techniques to a larger data volume would be helpful in the future.

A Review on Treasure No.1167, Unified Silla Buddhist Bell from Uncheon-dong, Cheongju, about Its Form and Conservational Scientific Features (보물 제1167호 청주 운천동 출토 통일신라 범종의 형태와 보존과학적 특성 고찰)

  • Kim, Hyun-jeong;Kim, Su-gi
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.40
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    • pp.357-386
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    • 2007
  • At present, thirteen Buddhist bells of Unified Silla are known to the world: Six in Korea, five in Japan and two other bells, and three out of them are impossible to make out its original form. Therefore, we divided the form of Unified Silla Buddhist bells based on the ten other bells, and we tried out to prove the manufacturing technology by the comparison of the research material of Uncheon-dong bell and existing research materials of other bells, in other to find their linkage based on the alloy elemental composition. We divided Unified Silla Buddhist bell into two types: Type I has symmetric apsaras and regular patterns on its face and it was made in early Silla period; type II has asymmetric apsaras and irregular pattern arrangement and made in late Silla period. In particular, Uncheon-dong Buddhist bells is very similar to Komyoji[光明寺] temple bell from ninth century in Japan. It is peculiar that the apsaras on Uncheon-dong bell play vertical music instruments that are never seen in Unified Silla Buddhist bell. Most of Unified Silla Buddhist bell are compounded with Cu-Sn or Cu-Sn-Pb system. From eighth and ninth century, bells were cast with even composition of copper, tin and lead, and the bronze alloy ratio was similar to the record in Gogonggi[考工記], Jurye[周禮], a book from ancient China. Particularly, Uncheon-dong bell is in a rare case of Cu-Sn-Pb-As system. As had been rarely used in Unified Silla Buddhist bells, so we presented the relative research materials. As has the same nature as Pb. Because As easily volatilize at high temperature, it is hard to use. But it has its merit of solidity and durability. Pb enhances fluidity and thereby expresses the patterns more distinct; As makes the bell stronger. The result of lead isotope ratio could not exactly reveal a concrete producing center. However, over the analysis of our samples, hereby we suggest Uncheon-dong bell was made of materials from just one ore deposit.