• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

As one of traditional packaging materials, paper and paperboard are being more popular and beneficial thanks to their environmental sustainability and have been widely used in packaging applications, from light weight infusible tissue for tea/coffee bags to heavy duty boards for the distribution. Papermakers have to design the products having a desired customized function with their paper machine. Globally, the use of filler and pigment in papermaking is now a very common practice to meet the needs of customers. Many benefits can be achieved as a result of filler addition, which mainly includes cost and energy savings. The replacement of traditional mineral fillers and pigments with biodegradable and renewable carbohydrate polymers is a very interesting and promising research topic due to the concern of environmental impact. In this review paper, the use of traditional and novel carbohydrate fillers and pigments in cellulosic paper is highlighted. It is noteworthy that there are still some challenges and technical barriers associated with the use of these organic materials in point of structural stabilities and manufacturing costs, although most of them are available in market as the commercialized products. With the emerging nanotechnologies, it is believed that the use of carbohydrate-based filler and pigment for papermaking will increase and bring technical advantages to industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1973

The effect of dietary condition on the acethylcholine and chotinesterase activity in the brain was observed. Rats weighting $120{\sim}130\;gm$ was fed on diets deprived of protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively. Experimental terms was devided into 3, 7 and 15 days. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The lipid free diet makes greater contribution to the gain of body weight than the carbohydrate free and protein free diet. 2. The acethylcholine in the protein free diet group is reduced after 7 days and that in the carbohydrate free diet, after 3 days. 3. The cholinesterase activity shows continuing decrease after 3 days by protein free diet, and the other diet groups appear temporal decrease at 7 days and increase, at 15 days. 4. The relation of acethylcholine, and cholinesterase is similar to each other except that of the carbohydrate diet. From the above results, the conclusions are obtained that the protein free diet makes the acethylcholine and cholinesterase activity lower, and the carbohydrate free diet, acethylcholine lower.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.300-312
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• 2018

Whole-genome sequencing of the wood-rotting fungus, Flammulina fennae, was carried out to identify carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). De novo genome assembly (31 kmer) of short reads by next-generation sequencing revealed a total genome length of 32,423,623 base pairs (39% GC). A total of 11,591 gene models in the assembled genome sequence of F. fennae were predicted by ab initio gene prediction using the AUGUSTUS tool. In a genome-wide comparison, 6,715 orthologous groups shared at least one gene with F. fennae and 10,667 (92%) of 11,591 genes for F. fennae proteins had orthologs among the Dikarya. Additionally, F. fennae contained 23 species-specific genes, of which 16 were paralogous. CAZyme identification and annotation revealed 513 CAZymes, including 82 auxiliary activities, 220 glycoside hydrolases, 85 glycosyltransferases, 20 polysaccharide lyases, 57 carbohydrate esterases, and 45 carbohydrate binding-modules in the F. fennae genome. The genome information of F. fennae increases the understanding of this basidiomycete fungus. CAZyme gene information will be useful for detailed studies of lignocellulosic biomass degradation for biotechnological and industrial applications.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

The generally accepted idea for carbohydrate translocation in plants is an osmotic pressure flow hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, a high concentration of carbohydrate in the phloem of carbohydrate synthesis regions (source) causes a water influx into the phloem. The generated osmotic potential in the phloem is responsible for long distance carbohydrate transport through the positive hydrostatic pressure. In regions of carbohydrate utilization and storage (sink), translocated carbohydrates are continuously metabolized and compartmentalized, generating a concentration gradient between source and sinks. In this system, carbohydrates load into the phloem (phloem loading) and unload out of the phloem (phloem unloading). Phloem-mobile herbicides that are applied to plants are also translocated from the source to sinks. However, some experimental results reveal that the patterns of phloem translocation between carbohydrates and herbicides are different. The differences are due, in part, to the physico-chemical properties of herbicides and to the absence/presence of specific carrier(s) in the phloem.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.540-551
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• 2019

본 연구는 2013 ~ 2017년 국민건강영양조사의 검진조사에 참여한 만 20세 이상 성인을 대상으로 고식이섬유 섭취 및 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환 간의 연관성을 확인하였다. 한국 성인의 평균 식이섬유 섭취량은 24.1 g/일이었으며, 탄수화물 섭취 수준이 증가할수록 식이섬유 섭취량도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 고식이섬유 섭취와 대사증후군과의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 식이섬유 섭취량을 5분위수로 분류하였을 때, 충분섭취량 이상의 고식이섬유 섭취는 대사증후군 위험 감소와 연관이 있었다. 또한, 식이섬유 섭취가 탄수화물 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 점을 반영하여 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 연관성을 식이섬유 섭취수준에 따라 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 식이섬유 충분섭취량을 기준으로 하여 성별로 저식이섬유 섭취 그룹과 고식이섬유 섭취 그룹으로 분류한 후, 탄수화물 에너지 섭취비율과 대사질환과의 연관성을 분석한 결과 식이섬유 섭취수준에 따라 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 연관성이 다름을 확인하였다. 저식이섬유 섭취 그룹에서는 남자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취가 삼분위군 일 때 일분위군에 비해 대사증후군과 죽상경화성 이상지질혈증의 교차비가 유의적으로 증가하고, 여자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취가 이분위군일 때 일분위군에 비해 고콜레스테롤혈증의 교차비가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 고식이섬유 섭취 그룹에서는 남자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취비율이 증가할수록 고중성 지방혈증의 위험도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 성인의 고식이섬유 섭취가 대사증후군의 낮은 위험도와 관련이 있다는 근거를 제시하였으며, 특히 남자의 경우 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사지표와의 연관성을 살펴볼 때 식이섬유 섭취 수준을 살펴보는 것이 필요함을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다. 따라서, 향후 우리나라 사람들을 대상으로 전향적인 연구를 실시하여 식이섬유, 탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 인과관계를 검증할 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해 탄수화물의 질적 섭취에 대한 실질적인 섭취 지침을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.204-206
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• 1988

Chemical analysis of both sclerotia and the fruits of Pleurotus tuber-regium showed higher values for such elements as calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), zine(Zn) in the fruits than in the sclerotia. On the contrary magnessium(Mg) was found to be higher in sclerotia than in the fruits. protein and carbohydrate were also found to be more in the fruits. There was no significant difference between the chemical values of old(1 year) and fresh sclerotia. Oil palm fruit fibre substrate produced sporophores with higher values for the minerals, protein and carbohydrate than those on riversand substrate.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.324-324
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• 2005

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.323-323
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2008

Carbohydrate-conjugated chlorins were synthesized for use as biosensors for the detection of the galectin-3 cancer marker. We used ELISA, SDS-gel electrophoresis, and Bradford assays to examine the binding of galectins to d-(+)-galactose- and b-lactose-conjugated chlorins. The binding affinities of these conjugated chlorins for galectin-3 were quantified using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission of the carbohydrate-conjugated chlorins decreased as the amount of galectin-3 in the binding reaction increased over a limited concentration range, indicating that carbohydrate-conjugated chlorins are potentially useful fluorescence biosensors for the galectin-3 cancer marker.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 1997

The effect of prolonged treatment with Mori Folium column fraction(MFCF) on intestinal ${\alpha}$-glycosidase activity has been studied in mice made hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic by feeding a high carbohydrate-containing diet. Mice were treated for 10 week with or without MFCF, added to the high carbohydrate-containing diet at 50mg/100g food. While MFCF had no effect on body weight, it prevented the rise in glycemia and insulinemia. Maltase, sucrase and lactase activities were measured in intestinal homogenates of proximal, middle and distal segments of jejunoileum. Following 10 week of MFCF administration, MFCF significantly induced all three enzyme activities especially at middle and distal segments. The mechanisms responsible for these changes and their potential biochemical implications remain to be determined.