• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2004

This study aims to develop a standard protocol by which users can exchange data information efficiently between KOSDIC and GIS. The ultimate goal from this study is to propose a data exchange format using KOSIC. The background of this study is that GIS industry sector is vigorously developing linked to spatial information construction such as UIS, LIS, EIS, AM/FM through supporting by regional government institution. According to do, the format of data transformation becomes major issue. GIS data can easily transfer to CAD version but when CAD data convert to GIS format (DWG->DXF->SHP) cannot get high success rate due to errors and problems. In addition, CAD data feature is made from oriental structure which is made of point and line faeture so that GIS system is impossible to data transformation. In the reason, the biggest problem is discordance of symbolization in integration and standard of data format. By investigation the usability of this study, conclusion are drawn efficient alternative plan in data transformation. Though this wort we will be able to provide a better transformation of data conversion between CAD format and GIS format. Accordingly, it is of important to enrich the integrated construction information infrastructure, which accommodates ever-changing constructions environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.175-184
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• 2011

Transport sector takes charge of about 20 percent of energy consumption and GHG(Green House Gas) emission in Korea. One of the efficient strategy of reducing GHG is introducing CDM(Clean Development Mechanism), which is one of GHG reduction systems in Kyoto Protocol. Nowadays many tries have done to regist transport policies as CDM in transport sector, however, a lot of things should be investigated to regist CDM in advance. The aim of this paper is assessment of CDM possibility in transport sector. First of all, we review steps and criteria to CDM registration, and select 4 CDM possibility assessment index in transport sector: as follows additionality, methodology, emission calculation, and monitoring. Also, we analyze registed projects and methodologies in transport sector. To assess CDM possibility in transport sector, quantitative and qualitative assessments are carried out in this study. 18 transport policies are categorized as 4 groups and possibility of 18 transport policies are examined. Several policies can reduce GHG, however, they are not fit to regist as a CDM. On the contrary many transport policies have possibility to regist. In addition, we have done questionnaire survey, 'fuel change' policies have high possibility to CDM. However transport policies related to haman activity, like as TOD, have lower possibility. As a result, we can find that enough CDM possibility assessment should be carried out before CDM registration in transport sector.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Background: Recently, many institutions have acquired multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) systems. This made it easier and more convenient to use MDCT as a initial diagnostic modality for hemoptysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MDCT before bronchoscopy and/or bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis. Methods: We studied a total of 125 patients with hemoptysis who underwent, between 2006 and 2008, MDCT in a routine protocol before bronchoscopy and/or BAE. One hundred two patients underwent bronchoscopy and 29 patients underwent BAE. We compared the usefulness of MDCT and bronchoscopy for detecting the bleeding site and identifying the cause. We also evaluated our ability, using MDCT, to detect instances where the bronchial artery caused hemoptysis. Results: The rate of detection of a bleeding site was 75.5% on MDCT and 50.9% on bronchoscopy. MDCT and bronchoscopy detected the bleeding site in agreement in 62.7% of patients. MDCT alone found the bleeding site in 27.5% of cases. MDCT identified the cause of hemoptysis in 77.5% and bronchoscopy in 11.8%. In 29 patients who underwent BAE, we detected a total of 37 hypertrophied bronchial arteries that were causing hemoptysis. Of 37 bronchial arteries, 23 (62.2%) were depicted on MDCT. Conclusion: MDCT is superior to bronchoscopy for detecting the bleeding site and identifying the cause of hemoptysis. MDCT can also predict the side of affected bronchial artery with depiction of hypertrophied bronchial artery and localizing the bleeding site. Doing MDCT before bronchoscopy and BAE can provide a guideline for the next step.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.2A
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

IP-based design methodology has been popularly employed for SoC design to reduce design complexity and to cope with time-to-market pressure. Interface modules for communication between system buses and IPs are required, since many IPs employ different protocols. Automatic generation of these interface modules would enhance designer's productivity and IP's reusability. This paper proposes an automatic interface generation system based on FSM generated from the protocol description of IPs. The proposed system provides the library modules for the standard buses to reduce the burdens of describing the protocols for data transfer from/to standard buses. Experimental results show that the area of the interface circuits generated by the proposed system had been increased slightly by 4.5% on the average when compared to manual designs. In the experiment, where bus clock is 100 Mhz and slave module clock is 34 Mhz, the latency of the interface had been increased by 7.1% in burst mode to transfer 16 data words. However, occupation of system bus can be reduce by 64.9%. A chip designer can generate an interface that improves the efficiency of system bus, by using this system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.6 s.121
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• pp.602-611
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• 2007

In this paper, the forward link of UHF RFID system is modeled in accordance with the EPCglobal class 1 generation 2(EPCglobal C1G2) UHF Radio-Frequency Identity protocol specification at $860{\sim}960MHz$. Based on the constructed model, characteristics on the forward link signal for the EPCglobal C1G2 RFID reader are simulated with the help of a MATLAB softwarein order to extract the design parameters of a transmit digital filter which meets the Korean RFID regulations. Herein, the forward link model is consisted of PIE source coding, transmit digital filter, modulation, local oscillator, and antenna. From the simulation results, the ranges of three design parameters(roll-off factor, cutoff frequency, the number of tabs) for transmit digital filter are obtained with different modulation techniques and the Tari(type a reference interval) values. Finally, DSB/SSB-ASK modulation technique can not satisfy the EPCglobal C1G2 specification when Tari equals to $6.25{\mu}sec$ in a multiple-reader environment. Consequently this paper can provide a guideline for design parameters of a RFID reader as well as the basic scheme of analyzing frequency interference problems in RFID environments, including multiple-reader and dense-reader environments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.8B
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• pp.730-737
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• 2003

In this paper, we present an efficient authentication proxy for IEEE 802.1x systems based on the port-based access control mechanism. An IEEE 802.1x system consists of PC supplicants, a bridge with authentication client functions, and an authentication server. For the network security and user authentication purposes, a supplicant who wants to access Internet should be authorized to access the bridge port using the Extended Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LAN. The frame of EAP over LAN is then relayed to the authentication server by the bridge. After several transactions between the supplicant and the server via the bridge, the supplicant may be either authorized or not. Noting that the transactions between the relaying bridge and the server will be increased as the number of supplicants grows in public networks, we propose a scheme for reducing the transactions by employing an authentication proxy function at the bridge. The proxy is allowed to cache the supplicant's user ID and password during his first transaction with the server. For the next authentication procedure of the same supplicant, the proxy function of the bridge handles the authentication transactions using its cache on behalf of the authentication server. Since the main authentication server handles only the first authentication transaction of each supplicant, the processing load of the server can be reduced. Also, the authentication transaction delay experienced by a supplicant can be decreased compared with the conventional 802.1x system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2006

UPnP presents home network middleware for local home electrical appliances basedon internet protocols that is available access and control electrical appliances just in local home network. Itis designed to bring easy-to-use, flexible, standards-based connectivity to ad-hoc or unmanaged networks in the home, a small business, public spaces, or attached to the Internet. In this paper, Internet Gateway expands UPnP IGD(Internet Gateway Device) DCP(Device Control protocol) and UPnP IGP Bridge for Internet Home Network Electrical Appliance Control. UPnP IGD DCP is configurable initiation and sharing of internet connections, advanced connection-management features, management of host configuration service, and supports transparent Internet access by non-UPnP-certified devices. UPnP Bridge search for local home network devices by sending control messages. Control Point of UPnP Bridge search for devices of interest on the network and can control or be controlled all of functions by IGD DCP with control commands. Outside client, approach to UPnP IGD DCP, send control messages UPnP Bridge, and invoke each UPnP device. As a result, Electrical Appliance of Home Network base on UPnP, can control and be controlled via the Internet like ones in the one Home Network without modification of existing UPnP.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.466-470
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• 2007

Purpose: Active prevention is an essential component in reducing the development of pressure sores. For the high-risk patient group, following the certified pressure sore screening scale as well as educating the patient and the nurses who care for them can lead to optimal management of these patients. Applying a risk assessment scale along with a prevention strategy can reduce medical costs and length of stays at the hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a new pressure sore risk assessment scale based on the universally recommended Braden scale and our prevention program. Methods: From June to August, 2003, our pressure ulcer risk assessment scale was applied to a total of 1882 patients admitted to the experimental group (intensive care unit, neurosurgery, general surgery, and oncology units). It was based on Braden scale. We analysed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and ROC curve to evaluate its efficacy. Pressure ulcer prevention program was composed of patient's education using protocol and specific nursing care. The incidence of pressure ulcers was also measured during the 3 months period, and those were compared to the control group of 1789 patients from March to May, 2002. Results: 118(6.27%) of the experimental group were high-risk with an incidence of pressure ulcers measuring 4 (0.21%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of our scale were 100%, 94%, 4%, 100%, respectively, and AUC(area under the curve) was 0.992. In the control group, the incidence of pressure ulcers was 11(0.61%). Statistical analyses using chisquared tests with a significance level of 5%, the results were such that ${\chi }^2=3.6482$(p=0.0561). The results proved to be statistically significant in borderline. Conclusion: The results from this study proved that pressure sore risk assessment scale based on Braden scale has an excellent efficacy, and shows that our pressure ulcer prevention program is partially effective in reducing pressure ulcer incidence.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.595-605
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• 2006

In this thesis, GPS and the electronic mapping were used to realize such a system by recognizing license plate numbers and identifying the location of objects that move at synchronous times with simulated movement in the electronic map. As well, throughout the study, a camera attached to a PDA, one of the mobile devices, automatically recognized and confirmed acquired license plate numbers from the front and back of each car. Using this mobile technique in a wireless network, searches for specific plate numbers and information about the location of the car is transmitted to a remote server. The use of such a GPS-based system allows for the measurement of topography and the effective acquisition of a car's location. The information is then transmitted to a central controlling center and stored as text to be reproduced later in the form of diagrams. Getting positional information through GPS and using image-processing with a PDA makes it possible to estimate the correct information of a car's location and to transmit the specific information of the car to a control center simultaneously, so that the center will get information such as type of the car, possibility of the defects that a car might have, and possibly to offer help with those functions. Such information can establish a mobile system that can recognize and accurately trace the location of cars.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.343-352
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• 2017

IEC62541, known as OPC-UA, is a standard communication protocol for Smart Grid (SG) and Smart Factory application platform. It was accepted as an IEC standard (IEC62541) in 2011 by IEC TC57, and is extending range of application as collaborating with other standrads. The government's policies to popularize EVs ("Workplace Charging Challenge"), the number of Electric vehicle which try to be charging in the factory is expected to increase. In this situation, indiscreet and uncontrolled EV charging can lead to some problems, such as excess of the peak demand capacity. Therefore, EVs, which is charging in SFs, must be monitoring and controlling to avoid and reduce peak demand. However, the standards for EVs charging differ from the standards for SFs. In other words, to increase the ease of use for drivers, and reduce risk for enterprise, we have needs of study to develop the protocols or to provide interoperability, for EVs charging in SFs. This paper deals with a EV charging management platform installing in a smart factory. And this platform can be easily integrated as part of SF management software. The main goal of this paper is to implement EV management system based on IEC61851 and IEC62541.