• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To describe and characterize the surface topography and cleanliness of CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments after steaming and ultrasonic cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 12 ceramic CAD/CAM implant abutments of various manufacturers were produced and randomly divided into two groups of six samples each (control and test group). Four two-piece hybrid abutments and two one-piece abutments made of zirconium-dioxide were assessed per each group. In the control group, cleaning by steam was performed. The test group underwent an ultrasonic cleaning procedure with acetone, ethyl alcohol and antibacterial solution. Groups were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify and characterize contaminant chemical characterization non- quantitatively. RESULTS. All zirconia CAD/CAM abutments in the present study displayed production-induced wear particles, debris as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. The abutments of the test group showed reduction of surface contamination after undergoing an ultrasonic cleaning procedure. However, an absolute removal of pollutants could not be achieved. CONCLUSION. The presence of debris on the transmucosal surface of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments of various manufacturers was confirmed. Within the limits of the study design, the results suggest that a defined ultrasonic cleaning process can be advantageously employed to reduce such debris, thus, supposedly enhancing soft tissue healing. Although the adverse long-term influence of abutment contamination on the biological stability of peri-implant tissues has been evidenced, a standardized and validated polishing and cleaning protocol still has to be implemented.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2017

방사선치료를 받은 상악에 임플란트 지지 고정성 보철물을 이용하여 수복하는 것은 골치유능력이 낮기 때문에 상세한 치료계획이 필요하다. All-on-4 개념에 의한 임플란트 식립은 골이식을 피하면서 임플란트를 매식할 수 있어 유리하다. 일반적으로 경사된 임플란트에는 기성 경사형 지대주를 사용해왔다. 본 임상증례에서는 computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)으로 제작된 지대주를 사용하였다. 본 증례는 all-on-4 개념에 의해 임플란트를 매식하고 CAD/CAM titanium 지대주를 제작한 다음 CAD/CAM zirconia 고정성 보철물로 수복하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 보고하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2024

PURPOSE. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of cement, bonding pretreatment, and ceramic abutment material on the overall color results of CAD-CAM ceramic crowns bonded to titanium-based hybrid abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For single implant restoration of a maxillary lateral incisor a total of 51 CAD-CAM-fabricated monolithic lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated and subsequently bonded onto 24 lithium disilicate Ti-base abutments, 24 zirconia Ti-base abutments and 3 resin abutment replicas as a control group. The 48 copings were cemented with three definitive and one provisional cement on both grit-blasted and non-blasted Ti-bases. The color of each restoration and surrounding artificial gingiva was measured spectrophotometrically at predefined measuring points and the CIELAB (ΔE_ab) color scale values were recorded. RESULTS. The color outcome of ceramic crowns bonded to hybrid abutments and soft tissues was affected differently by cements of different brands. Grit-blasting of Ti-bases prior to cementing CAD-CAM copings affected the color results of allceramic crowns. There was a significant difference (P = .038) for the median ΔE value between blasted and non-blasted reconstructions at the cervical aspect of the crown. Full-ceramic crowns on zirconia Ti-base abutments exhibited significantly lower ΔE values below the threshold of visibility (ΔE 1.8). In all subcategories tested, the use of a highly opaque temporary cement demonstrated the lowest median ΔE for both the crown and the artificial gingiva. CONCLUSION. Various cements, core ceramic materials and airborne particle abrasion prior to bonding can adversely affect the color of Ti-base supported ceramic crowns and peri-implant soft tissue. However, zirconia CAD-CAM copings and an opaque cement can effectively mask this darkening.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2011

Currently there is no dental ceramic material can be used in all dental situations need to be restored. However, in view of recent clinical reports, the most viable alternative is zirconia ceramic. Clinical success of dental zirconia restorations strongly depends on proper selection of materials, accurate laboratory procedure and final cementation, which can be achievable with the correct understanding of zirconia. As dental materials, zirconia ceramics have a very bright future, because they are being used increasingly in the anterior region as implant fixtures, as well as crown and bridge restorations and implant abutments. Many dental ceramics showing poor clinical performance have been gone from the dental market. However, in terms of outstanding mechanical properties and esthetic nature, new dental materials can replace zirconia ceramics will not be available in the foreseeable future.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2016

In the past, restoration of implant crown, ready-made abutment produced by implant manufacturer could only be used. Using straight, angled abutment, there was a limit in adaptation multiple implants. Recently, with the development of implant and CAD/CAM technology, CAD/CAM customized abutment use has become possible which is different from the past when restoration was possible with only prefabricated abutment. Not only it makes emergence profile possible which is similar to natural teeth, but also it makes insertion path possible on CAD in multiple implant restorations. However, on anterior teeth which dental esthetics is very important, another restorations which are formed with natural colored gingiva area could be required. Titanium-based zirconia prostheses which have titanium connection and zirconia structure from 1mm above fixture platform are alternative. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the abutment which is used in multiple implant restorations, and to choose right abutment when clinical trials.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

For the prosthodontic results which are compatible with esthetics to be fulfilled, the first prerequisite would be periodontal intervention and stability, the second one may be functional competency and the ultimate goal should be ascribed to esthetic considerations. Other words, esthetic dentistry is a whole entity which encompasses the biological stability of the periodontium, physical accuracy of the prosthodontic structure and finally, the beauty which can be found in natural dentition. It also implies the harmonized lip line which reveals the well-balanced tooth morphology and health gum profiles (Red-White Esthetics). Largely, there lie some differences in the input system of the 3-dimentional data from the prepared abutments between respective computer-assisted systems available now. But the manufacturing systems (CAM) are very similar between them, to say, comprise numeric control systems with whole 3-dimensional milling units according to the restorations to be made. Now the author is going to present CAD/CAM Zirconia All Ceramic Restoration on the topics for the Red-White Esthetics, periodontal control and maintenance, treatment for the discolored teeth, post & core build-up works for the devitalized teeth, characteristics of the Zirconium oxide All Ceramics, fabrication procedures, clinical considerations and its application to diverse clinical situations.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.364-370
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• 2015

최근 구치부 부분 무치악 환자의 임플란트 보철 수복은 기능적뿐만 아니라 심미적으로도 환자의 만족을 이끌어내야 하는 과제를 안고 있다. 이렇게 환자의 요구가 높아지면서 상실된 자연치아와 유사한 형태의 임플란트 보철을 사용한 구강회복이 보철수복의 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 이를 위해서는 기성 지대주 보다는 더 넓은 customized CAD/CAM 지대주를 사용함으로써 자연스러운 출현윤곽을 재현할 수 있다. 넓은 지대주를 지지해주기 위해서는 충분한 폭과 높이를 가지는 각화치은이 존재해야 하는데, 만약 긴 치아상실기간이나 골이식술 등으로 인해 임플란트 주위에 각화치은이 부족한 경우에는 연조직 증대술을 시행하는 것이 추천된다. 이러한 과정을 통해 심미적이고 기능적인 임플란트 보철 제작이 가능하며 구강위생관리를 용이하게 하고 향후 임플란트 주위염의 발생 가능성을 감소시킨다. 본 증례는 구치부 부분 무치악 환자에서 골이식술, 상악동 이식술, 임플란트 식립술 및 연조직 이식술을 사용하여 부족한 치조골과 각화치은 및 협측전정을 회복하였으며, customized CAD/CAM 지대주와 지르코니아 보철물을 이용하여 수복한 증례로 주기적인 내원 및 검사를 통해 기능적, 심미적으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었기에 이 사례를 보고하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the span length on the fit of zirconia framework fabricated using CAD/CAM system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Abutments for single, 4-unit and 6-unit fixed partial prostheses were fabricated. Ten zirconia frameworks were fabricated for each group. The marginal and internal gap were presented by means of replica technique and measured by measuring microscope ($AXIO^{(R)}$, Carl Zeiss, Rochester, NY) and software (I-$solution^{(R)}$, IMT i-solution Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada). The results were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis test and Dunnett T3 test for post hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There were statistically significant differences at 2, 4, 7, 8 points (mesio-distal section) and b, d, e, f, g (labio-lingual section). In some marginal reference points of 6-unit group (P<.05), the marginal gap were larger than 120 ${\mu}m$. CONCLUSION. Span length of zirconia core may have an influence on marginal and internal fit. Within the limitation of this study, the increase of span length of zirconia framework of 6 or more-unit fixed partial denture may decrease the marginal and internal fit.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resin cements and primer on the retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia blocks (Lava, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were obtained and forty sets of zirconia abutments and copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. They were grouped into 4 categories as follows, depending on the types of resin cements used, and whether the primer is applied or not:Panavia F2.0 (P), Panavia F2.0 using Primer (PRIME Plus, Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA) (PZ), Superbond C&B (S), and Superbond C&B using Primer (SZ). For each of the groups, the cementation was conducted. The specimens were kept in sterilized water ($37^{\circ}C$) for 24 hours. Retentive forces were tested and measured, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The nature of failure was recorded. RESULTS. The means and standard deviations of retentive force in Newton for each group were $265.15{\pm}35.04$ N (P), $318.21{\pm}22.24$ N (PZ), $445.13{\pm}78.54$ N (S) and $508.21{\pm}79.48$ N (SZ). Superbond C&B groups (S & SZ) showed significantly higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0 groups (P & PZ). In Panavia F2.0 groups, the use of primer was found to contribute to the increase of retentive force. On the other hand, in Superbond C&B groups, the use of primer did not influence the retention forces. Adhesive failure was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION. This study suggests that cementation of the zirconia abutments and zirconia copings with Superbond C&B have a higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0. When using Panavia F2.0, the use of primer increases the retentive force.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2012

연구 목적: 본 연구는 국내 개발된 맞춤형 임플란트 지대주와 기성 임플란트 지대주의 반복 하중 전과 후의 나사 풀림 토크 값을 측정, 비교하여 나사 결합부 안전성에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 12개의 임플란트 고정체(Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea)를 알루미늄 원통에 레진으로 고정하고, 그것을 각각 4개씩, 3개의 군으로 나눠서 각 군별로 기성 티타늄 지대주(Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea), 캐드캠 맞춤형 티타늄 지대주(Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea), 그리고 금속 연결부가 있는 캐드캠 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주(Zirconia Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea)를 제작하여 임플란트에 연결하였다. 금속관은 지대주에 맞춰서 티타늄을 밀링해서 제작한뒤 지대주에 합착하였다. 반복 하중을 가하기 전에 지대주 나사를 30 Ncm 토크로 조이고 약 30분 후 나사의 초기 풀림 토크값을 측정하였다. 그 후 반복 하중을 30 N에서 120 N의 싸인 곡선을 이루는 압축력으로 2 Hz의 빈도로 50만 싸이클을 가하고 하중 후 풀림 토크값을 측정하였으며, 풀림 토크 상실률을 구하여서 군끼리 비교하였다. 나사의 풀림 토크값의 상실률의 비교를 위해 Kruskal-Wallis test를 이용해서 유의수준 .05에서 분석하였다. 결과: 반복하중 후 나사 풀림 상실률에서 기성 티타늄 지대주 군에 비해 맞춤형 티타늄 지대주는 높은 값을 보였으나 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다($P$>.05). 반면, 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주는 기성 티타늄 지대주에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다($P$=.014). 결론: 본 실험의 한계 내에서 캐드캠 맞춤형 티타늄 임플란트 지대주는 기성 임플란트 지대주 에 비해 나사 안정성이 떨어진다고 볼 수 없다. 반면, 캐드캠 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주 는 기성 임플란트 지대주에 비해 나사 안정성이 다소 떨어진다고 볼 수 있다.