• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8923-8929
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• 2014

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that stromal monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) may play key roles in tumor development. However, their clinical value remains largely unexplored in gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to determine clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of stromal MCT4 and CA IX in GC. Materials and Methods: Specimens from 143 GC patients were immunohistochemically stained using polyclonal anti-MCT4 and anti-CA IX antibodies. Expression was correlated with patient clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data. Results: High stromal MCT4 expression was detected in 72 of 143 (50.3%) GCs and high CA IX in 74 (51.7%). Both high stromal MCT4 and CA IX were correlated with advanced TNM stage (p=0.000; p=0.000). High CA IX expression was positively related to depth of invasion (p=0.022) and positive lymph nodes (p=0.002) as well. Survival analysis indicated high expression of stromal MCT4 to be an independent factor in predicting poor overall survival (OS) (HR and 95%CI=1.962, 1.032-3.729, p=0.040) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR and 95%CI=2.081, 1.158-3.741, p=0.014) of GC patients. However, high CA IX expression exhibited no significant predictive value. Conclusions: These findings suggest that high expression of stromal MCT4 and CA IX proteins is significantly correlated with GC progression. High stromal MCT4 heralds worse outcome of GC patient, suggesting a novel candidate prognostic marker and therapeutic target.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.729-738
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• 1992

The glass formation and structural change with the glass compositions were investigated in the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system with less than 40 wt% of P2O5. The glass formation range was determined by XRD, SEM and EDS techniques for water quenched specimens. The structural analyses were made for binary CaO-SiO2 glasses and ternary CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses by using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The glass formation was affected by CaO/SiO2 mole ratio, P2O5 content and primary crystalline phase. The stable glass formation range was found when the transformed CaO/SiO2 mole ratio (new factor derived from structural changes) was in the range of 0.72~1.15 with less than 10 mol% of P2O5. The structural analyses of CaO-SiO2 glasses indicated that as the CaO/SiO2 ratio was increased, the nonbridging oxygens in the structural unit of the glasses were increased. With addition of P2O5 to CaO-SiO2 glasses, the P2O5 enhanced the polymerization of [SiO4] tetrahedra unit in CaO-SiO2 glasses, which contained a large portion of nonbridging oxygen. The phosphate eliminated nonbridging oxygens from silicate species, forcing polymerization of silicate structures and produced in [PO4] monomer in glasses. When added P2O5 was kept constant, the structural change with various CaO/SiO2 ratio was very similar to that of CaO-SiO2 glasses.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

Reactive reductants of cement/Fe(II) systems in dechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbons have not been identified. The previous studies showed that a hematite/CaO/Fe(II) system had TCE degradation characteristics similar to those of cement/Fe(II) systems with regard to degradation kinetics and that lime (CaO) plays an important role in enhancing the reactivity for TCE dechlorination. The current study shows identified the formation of gypsum ($CaSO_4$) in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system through the XRD analysis. The amounts of the gypsum increased with increment of the initial CaO dose. However, when CaO in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system was replaced with gypsum, TCE degradation was not observed. Ca-removed Portland cement extracts (CPCX) in combination with $FeSO_4(CPCX/FeSO_4)$ showed no TCE degradation. On the other hands, the Portland cement extracts (PCX) in the presence of $FeSO_4(PCX/FeSO_4)$ and CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems degraded 0.2 mM TCE within 5 days, indicating that CaO also played an important role dechlorination reactions in the systems. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) of the CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems were 0.20, 0.24, and 0.72 $day^{-1}$, when the CaO dosages were 25, 50 and 75 g/L, respectively. The XRD analyses showed identified the common peaks having the d-values of 3.02, 2.27, and 1.87 in the reaction systems that showed TCE degradation. However, it was not possible to clearly identify the crystalline minerals having the three peaks from the references in JCPDS cards. This study reveals that the reactive agents in the cement/Fe(II) and the hematite/Fe(II) systems are likely to be those containing CaO and Fe(II).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.433-439
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• 1999

Among microorganisms isolated from soil, YJ-66 strain was the best producer of flocculant and was examined for flocculating ability in the active carbon and CaCl2. YJ-66 strain was the best producer of flocculant and was examined for flocculating ability in the active carbon and CaCl2. YJ-66 strain was identified to be a species belonging to the genus Achromobacter. The optimum culture condition for production of bioflocculant with the isolated strain was for 72hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and pH7.5. The favorable carbon, nitrogen sources and inorganic salts for production of the flocculant were sucrose, peptone, MgSO4 and KH2PO4, whose optimal concentrations were 2%. 0.067%, 0.1% and 0.1%, respectively. Addition of the carbon and inorganic salts significantly increased the production of flocculant. Compositions of optimized culture medium for bioflocculant production by Achromobacter sp. YJ-66 were 2% sucrose, 0.067% peptone, 0.1% MgSO4 and 0.1% KH2PO4 in initial pH 7.5 during at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 72hrs.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

Ion fluxes across the plasma membrane activated by 1 mM $Ce^{4+}$, cell apoptosis and taxol biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Taxus cusp/data were studied. The extracellular pH sharply decreased upon the addition of 1 mM $Ce^{4+}$, then increased gradually and exceeded the initial pH value over a time period of 12 h. The extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration decreased within the first 3 h after the addition of $Ce^{4+}$, then gradually decreased to one third of initial value in control at about 72 h and remained unchanged afterwards. Experiments with an ion channel blocker and a $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker indicated that the dynamic changes in extracellular pH and the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration resulted from the $Ce^{4+}$-induced activation of W uptake and $Ca^{2+}$ influx across the plasma membrane via ion channels. A pretreatment of the ion channel blocker initiated $Ce^{4+}$-treated cells to undergo necrosis, and the prior addition of the $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker inhibited $Ce^{4+}$-induced taxol biosynthesis and apoptosis. It is thus inferred that W uptake is necessary for cells to survive a $Ce^{4+}$-caused acidic environment and is one of the mechanisms of $Ce^{4+}$-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the $Ca^{2+}$ influx across the plasma membrane mediated both the $Ce^{4+}$-induced apoptosis and taxol biosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.870-878
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• 2009

This study was conducted to select the soybean cultivar to minimize the formation of calcium oxalate, and investigate the ingredients for total oxalate (Ox), phytate ($InsP_6$) and minerals such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), and potassium (K) in 113 recommended soybean cultivars in Korea. Ca content ranged from 0.586 mg/g in Saealkong to 3.177 mg/g in Daolkong, and Mg content ranged from 0.559 mg/g in Taekwankong to 3.085 mg/g of dry seed in Seonheukkong. The total oxalate content ranged from 1.24 mg/g in Seonheukkong to 3.81 mg/g in Ilmikong, and InsP6 content ranged from 0.43 mg/g in Mailikong to 4.72 mg/g of dry seed in Dagikong. In the cross-correlation analysis for the contents of Ca, Mg, Ox and $InsP_6$, Seonheukkong and Danmi2 were selected to minimize the formation of calcium oxalate because the contents of Ca and $InsP_6$ were much higher than the content of Ox. These cultivars could be useful for producing soy foods beneficial to populations at risk for calcium oxalate kidney stones and for improved mineral bioavailability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.937-941
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• 2003

Red mustard leaf (RML) kimchi was prepared with native Brassica juncea czerniak et coss as a major raw material and antioxidative characteristics of crude anthocyanin (CA)/refined anthocyanin (RA) isolated from RML kimchi were studied. Among crude pigment fractions, CA fraction showed a higher inhibition rate of peroxide formation in linoleic acid autoxidation system. These effects seemed to be increased with the increase of CA concentration. CA also was considered to have a role of electron donor by the experiments using DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha$＇-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) reaction. Furthermore, various RA fractions had a higher antioxidative activity and especially RA-fraction 3 demonstrated the highest score of the antioxidative characteristics in terms of the prevention of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of free radicals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.72-75
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• 2001

In this paper, the $Sr_{1-x}Ca_{x}TiO_{3}(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2)$ 2)-based grain boundary layer ceramics were fabricated to measured dielectric properties and voltage-current properties. The sintering temperature and time were $1420\sim1520^{\circ}C$, 4hours, in $N_{2}$ gas, respectively. The structural and the dielectric properties were investigated by SEM, X-ray, HP4194A and K6517. The 2nd phase formed by thermal diffusion from the surface lead to a very high apparent dielectric constant, $\varepsilon_r$ > 50000. X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited cubic structure for all specimens. Increasing content of Ca, the peak intensity were decreased.ﱇﶖ⨀ਆᘍ܀㘱㔮㠹㬅K䍄乍

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

Stress-inducible proteins may function in part as molecular chaperones, protecting cells from damage due to various stresses and helping to maintain homeostasis. We examined the mRNA expression patterns of a 68-kDa heat shock protein (HSP68) and 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in relation to physiological changes in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas under osmotic stress. Expression of HSP68 and GRP78 mRNA in the gill significantly increased until 48 h in a hypersaline environment (HRE) and 72 h in a hyposaline environment (HOE), and then decreased. Osmolality and the concentrations of $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and $Ca^{2+}$ in the hemolymph of HRE oysters significantly increased until 72 h (the highest value) and then gradually decreased; in HOE oysters, these values significantly decreased until 72 h (the lowest value), and then increased. These results suggest that osmolality and $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations were stabilized by HSP68 and GRP78, and indicate that these two stress-induced proteins play an important role in regulating the metabolism and protecting the cells of the Pacific oysters exposed to salinity changes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1987

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the application of S-fertilizer in the cultivating soil of Garlic. The distributions of cation and anion according to the soil depth in paddy field were examined. The average $SO_4{^{-2}}$ contents of surface and subsoil were 72.1 ppm and 45.1 ppm in paddy soils, and 53.1 ppm and 19.5 ppm in upland soils, respectively. In paddy soils, the contents of $SO_4{^{-2}}$ showed a positive correlation to the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Fe. Whereas in upland soils, the contents of $SO_4{^{-2}}$ showed a positive correlation to the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in surface soils. The exchangeable Ca and Mg contents were found to be higher with soil depth, however, the K contents was found to become very low. The $SO_4{^{-2}}$ contents was found to be higher with soil depth, indicating that $SO_4{^{-2}}$ should be leached from surface soils by percolated water.