• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2008

With emerging technologies on wireless networks and mobile computing environment, a number of researches have been carried out for ubiquitous computing. An important functional requirement of ubiquitous computing is to handle location data with ease. With the increase of accidents in large complex buildings. move attention is being paid to indoor spaces and evacuation. However, most currently used evacuation-related applications are simulation based on hypothetical data. Also, since they use non-georeferenced CAD data, it is not easy to integrate them with indoor positioning devices. With the recent progress of indoor positioning systems, the simulators can be enhanced to real-time evacuation systems. As a preliminary stage to make such systems possible, this study proposes using a georeferenced data and evacuation simulation. This study used GIS data and Cellular Automata theory an the algorithm for the movement of the evacuee.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.333-342
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• 2022

Cellular Automata (CA) is a discrete and abstract computational model that is being applied in various fields. Applicable as an excellent pseudo-random sequence generator, CA has recently developed into a basic element of cryptographic systems. Several studies on CA-based stream ciphers have been conducted and it has been observed that the encryption strength increases when the radius of a CA's neighbor is increased when appropriate CA rules are used. In this paper, among CAs that can be applied as a one-dimensional pseudo-random number sequence generator (PRNG), one-dimensional 5-neighbor CAs are classified according to the connection state of their neighbors, and the ignition relationship of the characteristic polynomial is obtained. Also this paper propose a synthesis algorithm for an asymmetric 1-D linear 5-neighbor MLCA in which the radius of the neighbor is increased by 2 using the one-dimensional 3-neighbor 90/150 CA state transition matrix.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.85-98
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop a land use planning model (LUPM) which can be applied to development of rural villages considering their spatial expansion. The LUPM finds out and allocates the new built site required for the improvement of existing villages. in the development of LUPM, CA (cellular automata) and land suitability analysis methods were applied combinedly. The model uses basically numerical data of CIS based on grid data. Agglomerated settlement, as a type of village for simulation, was adopted. Probability of land use change for optimizing development area was calculated by the six criteria: slope. drainage characteristic, direction of slope, as absolute suitability of grid itself, distance from road. distance from stream and distance from the village center, as relative probability by neighborhood cells. Weighting values of these criteria were quantified by AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method, which is one of MCE(multi-criteria evaluation) method. The algorithm of the model was verified by three example villages: an isolation village, a village with horizontal road, and a village with nodal point of cross road

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.4 s.75
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• pp.147-158
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• 2004

A class of SWP(Stochastic Wane Propagation) models microscopically mimics individual vehicles' stochastic behavior and traffic jam propagation with simplified car-following models based on CA(Cellular Automata) theory and macroscopically captures dynamic traffic flow relationships based on statistical physics. SWP model, a program-oriented model using both discrete time-space and integer data structure, can simulate a huge road network with high-speed computing time. However, the model has shortcomings to both the capturing of low speed within a jam microscopically and that of the density and back propagation speed of traffic congestion macroscopically because of the generation of spontaneous jam through unrealistic collision avoidance. In this paper, two additional rules are integrated into the NaSch model. The one is SMR(Stopping Maneuver Rule) to mimic vehicles' stopping process more realistically in the tail of traffic jams. the other is LAR(Low Acceleration Rule) for the explanation of low speed characteristics within traffic jams. Therefore, the CA car-following model with the two rules prevents the lockup condition within a heavily traffic density capturing both the stopping maneuver behavior in the tail of traffic jam and the low acceleration behavior within jam microscopically, and generates more various macroscopic traffic flow mechanism than NaSch model's with the explanation of propagation speed and density of traffic jam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

Demographic change was considered to be the most major driver of land use change although there were several interacting factors involved, especially in the developing countries. This paper presents an approach to predict the future land use change using a hybrid model. A hybrid model consisting of logistic regression model, Markov chain (MC), and cellular automata (CA) was designed to improve the performance of the standard logistic regression model. Experiment was conducted in Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Demography and socio-economic variables dealing with urban sprawl were used to create a probability surface of spatio-temporal states of built-up land use for the years 2009, 2019, and 2029. The predicted land use maps for the years 2019 and 2029 show substantial urban development in the area, much of which are located in areas sensitive to source protections. It also showed that aquacultural land changes substantially in areas where are in the vicinity of estuary or near the sea dike. There was considerable variation between the communes; notably, communes with higher household density and higher proportion of people in working age have larger increases in aquacultural areas. The results of the analysis can provide valuable information for local planners and policy makers, assisting their efforts in constructing alternative sustainable urban development schemes and environmental management strategies.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.133-142
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• 2010

Many pedestrian or fire evacuation models have been studied last decades for modeling evacuation behaviors or analysing building structures under emergency situations. However, currently developed models do not consider the differences of visibility of pedestrians by obstacles such as furniture, wall, etc. The visibility of pedestrians is considered one of the important factors that affect the evacuation behavior, leading to making simulation results more realistic. In order to incorporate pedestrian's visibility into evacuation simulation, we should be able to give different walking speeds according to differences of visibility. We improved the existing floor field model based on cellular automata in order to implement the visibility. Using the space syntax theory, we showed how we split the indoor spaces depending on the different visibilities created by different levels of structural depths. Then, we improved the algorithm such that pedestrians have different speeds instead of simultaneous movement to other cells. Also, in order for developing a real time simulation system integrated w ith indoor sensors later, we present a process to build a 3D simulator using a spatial DBMS. The proposed algorithm is tested using a campus building.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

The floor field model is the micro pedestrian model based on a cellular automata for modeling pedestrian movement in the interior space using the static and dynamic floor field. It regards a form of pedestrian as square but the actual pedestrian's shape and size are similar to ellipsoid or rectangle. Because of this, we are difficult to give a rotation effect to pedestrians and there is a limit to reflect an impact of clogging and jamming. Also, this model is not able to reflect an impact of a posture and visibility effectively in the pedestrian movement. In this study, we suggest the improved pedestrian model incorporating the actual shape and size of pedestrian. The pedestrian's shape is defined not square but rectangle which is close to the actual body size of Korean. Also, we define the model which is able to represent the impact of clogging and jamming between pedestrians by adding the pedestrian's posture. We develop the simulator for testing the suggested model and study the difference between two models by comparing a number of effects. As a result, we could confirm solving the problem with dynamic value in the existed model and reflecting the panic effect in evacuation situation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.464-467
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• 1999

Rapid progress in the modeling of biological structures and simulation of their development has occurred over the last few years. Cellular automata (CA) and Lindenmayer-system(L-system) are the representative models of development/morphogenesis of multicellular organism. L-system is applied to the visualization of biological plant. Also, CA are applied to the study of artificial life and to the construction of an artificial brain. To design the L-system and CA automatically, we make this model evolve. It is necessary to code the developmental rules for evolution. In this paper, we propose a DNA coding method for evolution the models of development/morphogenesis of biological multicellular organisms. DNA coding has the redundancy and overlapping of gene and is apt for the representation of the rule. In this paper, we propose the DNA coding method of CA and L-system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 1999

최근 몇 년간 생물학적 발생에 대한 구조 및 둥작원리의 모델링에 대한 빠른 진전이 일어나고 있다. 세포자동자(cellular automata CA)와 린드마이어-시스템(L-system)은 다세포의 대표적인 발생/발달 모델이다. L-시스템은 식물의 그래픽 표현에 적용되어 오고 있으며 CA는 인고생명의 연구모델과 인공두뇌의 건축 등의 분야에 적용되어 오고 있다, 현재까지 CA와 L-시스템의 발생규칙은 설계자의 설계에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 진화연사방법을 도입하면 CA와 L-시스템을 자동으로 설계할수 있다. 발생규칙의 진화를 위해서는염색체의 코트화가 필요하다. DNA 코딩방법은 유전자의 중복과 여분을 가지고 있으며 규칙의 표현에 적합한 코딩방법이다. 본 논문에서는 CA와 L-시스템의 규칙을 진화시키기 위한 DNA 코딩 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2009

There is a growing interest in ubiquitous-related research and applications. Among them, GPS-based LBS have been developed and used actively. Recently, with the increase of large size buildings and disastrous events, indoor spaces are getting attention and related research activities are being carried out. Core technologies regarding indoor applications may include 3D indoor data modeling and localization sensor techniques that can integrate with indoor data. However, these technologies have not been standardized and established enough to be applied to indoor implementation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method to build a relatively simple 3D indoor data modeling technique that can be applied to indoor location based applications. The proposed model takes the form of 2D-based multi-layered structure and has capability for 2D and 3D visualization. We tested three prototype applications using the proposed model; CA(cellular automata)-based 3D evacuation simulation, network-based routing, and indoor moving objects tracking using a stereo camera.