• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2016

BACKGROUNG/OBJECTIVES: Corn silk (CS) extract contains large amounts of maysin, which is a major flavonoid in CS. However, studies regarding the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mouse fed high-fat diets. MATERIALS/METHODS: Normal-fat group fed 7% fat diet, high-fat (HF) group fed 25% fat diet, and high-fat with corn silk (HFCS) group were orally administered CS extract (100 mg/kg body weight) daily. Serum and hepatic levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol as well as serum free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels were determined. The mRNA expression levels of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hyroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ were determined. RESULTS: Oral administration of CS extract with HF improved serum glucose and insulin levels as well as attenuated HF-induced fatty liver. CS extracts significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of adipocytokines and reduced mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR. The mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 and LCAT between the HF group and HFCS group were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: CS extract supplementation with a high-fat diet improves levels of adipocytokine secretion and glucose homeostasis. CS extract is also effective in decreasing the regulatory pool of hepatic cholesterol, in line with decreased blood and hepatic levels of cholesterol though modulation of mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1211-1227
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• 2011

C57BL/6J mice have been widely used as a diet-induced obesity model because they trigger common features of the human metabolic syndrome. In the present study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) during a 24-week period, and then the age-dependent liver proteome of mice in two groups was analyzed using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Among identified proteins, up-regulated proteins were subdivided to early (during the first 4 weeks) and late (20~24 weeks) markers that played a role in diet-induced obesity development. Important early markers included ketohexokinase and prohibitin, and late markers included the 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein, citrate synthase, and selenium-binding liver protein. Of these, the 75 kDa glucosere-gulated protein has already been linked to obesity; however, prohibitin protein involved in obesity was identified for the first time in this study. In order to validate the proteomic results and gain insight into metabolic changes between the two groups, we further confirmed the expression pattern of some proteins of interest by Western blot analysis. Combined results of proteomic analysis with Western blot analysis revealed that antioxidant enzymes were progressively decreased, whereas cytoskeletal proteins were time-dependently increased in HFD mice.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

제니스테인(genistein)이 폐경으로 유도된 비만을 조절하는지를 알아보기 위해 폐경기 여성의 동물모델인 난소절제 암컷 쥐에서 항비만 효과에 대한 제니스테인의 영향을 연구하였다. 7주령의 C57BL/6J 암컷쥐를 무작위로 3그룹으로 나누어 8주 동안 고지방식 사료 또는 제니스테인이 첨가된 고지방식 사료를 섭취시킨 후 비만의 결정요소들을 측정하였다. 난소절제 쥐는 난소가 절제되지 않은 쥐에 비해 몸무게와 지방조직무게가 증가되었다. 그러나 제니스테인의 처리는 난소절제 쥐의 몸무게, 지방조직무게 및 지방세포 크기를 감소시켰다. 난소절제 쥐에 비해 제니스테인이 처리된 난소절제 쥐는 혈청 속의 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤이 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 또한 난소절제 쥐에서 간조직의 지질성분 축적도 제니스테인에 의해 감소되었다. 이러한 결과는 제니스테인이 난소절제로 유도된 지방과다, 지방세포비대 및 지질이상을 효과적으로 개선시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 폐경기 여성의 비만과 고지혈증을 포함한 신진대사 장애의 개선에 공헌할 것이다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated anti-obesity effect of isoegomaketone (IK) isolated from leaves extract of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. cv. We verified differentiation and lipid accumulation by Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 cells after IK treatment with differentiation media. IK inhibited mRNA expression of adipocyte specific genes that were related with differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. We confirmed the effects of IK on body weight and visceral fat mass in obese mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups; normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD) and high-fat diet with IK group (HFD-IK). The obesity mice were induced by feeding the 45% high-fat diet to the C57BL/6J mice during 4 weeks. After HFD-IK was orally administered 10 mg/kg of IK. As a result, the body weight of HFD and HFD-IK was increased 2.4 times and 1.7 times of ND, respectively. Also visceral fat mass of HFD was increased 24 times but in the case of HFD-IK was increased to 13 times in comparison with ND. Taken together, our findings suggest that IK reduced differentiation and adiogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, decreased the body weight and visceral fat mass in obesity mice. These results suggest that IK may have a potential benefit as anti-obesity material.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

$Dioscorea$ $batatas$ Decne is a type of yam that eaten raw and used as a traditional oriental medicine in Asian countries. In this study, we evaluated the functional effects of yam water extracts on body weight levels and serum lipid concentrations in mice fed high fat diet. Mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control (ND), high fat diet control (HFD), HFD+yam extract 100 mg/kg (HFD-Y100), and HFD+yam extract 200 mg/kg (HFD-Y200). Yam extract was administrated orally to mice fed a high fat diet for 5 weeks. Treatment with yam extract significantly reduced body weight levels and energy efficiency in a dose-dependent manner in HFD-fed mice. Yam extract also attenuated serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, as well as organ weights of liver and abdominal adipose tissue in mice fed a high fat diet. Moreover, blood levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon administration of yam extract. Blood activities of GPT, GOT, and LDH were lower in the yam extract-treated groups compared to the HFD group. These results indicate that yam water extract may reduce elevated body weight and serum lipid concentrations in mice fed a high fat diet, suggesting its usefulness as a functional food for reducing body fat and hyperlipidemia.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.526-536
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2021

Background: A wide range of environmental factors, such as diseases, nutritional deficiencies, ageing, hormonal imbalances, stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may affect the structure and function of the skin that covers the entire surface of the human body. In this study, we investigated roles of red ginseng oil (RGO) in enhancing skin functions, including hair growth and skin protection, using mouse models. Methods: For hair growth experiment, shaved dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically applied with vehicle, RGO, RGO's major compounds, or minoxidil for consecutive 21 days and skin tissues were examined the hair growth promoting capacity. For skin protection experiment, SKH-1 hairless mice were topically applied with vehicle or RGO twice a day for three days prior to exposure to UVC radiation at 20 kJ/cm². Skin tissues were collected to evaluate skin protective effects of RGO. Results: Topical application of RGO to C57BL/6 mice effectively promoted hair regeneration by inducing early telogen-to-anagen transition and significantly increasing the density and bulb diameter of hair follicles. Major compounds, including linoleic acids and β-sitosterol, contributed to RGO-promoted hair growth. Treatment with RGO as well as its major components upregulated expression of hair growth-related proteins. Furthermore, in SKH-1 hairless mice, RGO had a protective effect against UVC-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inducing cytoprotective systems. Conclusion: These data suggest that RGO may be a potent agent for improving skin health and thereby preventing and/or treating hair loss and protecting skin against UV radiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 and L. fermentum MF27 on biochemical indices in the serum, cholesterol metabolism in the liver and mucin expression in the gallbladder in lithogenic diet (LD)-induced C57BL/6J mice to determine the preventive effects of lactobacilli on gallstone formation. By the end of 4 wk of the experimental period, mice fed on a LD with high-fat and high-cholesterol exhibited higher levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum compared to mice fed on control diet or LD with L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 (LD+P1; p<0.05). Cholesterol-lowering effects observed in the LD+P1 and LD with L. fermentum MF27 (LD+P2) groups were associated with reduced expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the liver compared to the LD group (p<0.05). Furthermore, expression of the gel-forming mucin, including MUC5AB and MUC5B, was suppressed in the LD+P1 and LD+P2 groups compared to the LD group (p<0.05). Therefore, steady intake of both L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 and L. fermentum MF27 may have the ability to prevent the formation of cholesterol gallstones in LD-induced C57BL/6J mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2023

This study confirmed the change in functional composition and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in Aloe arborescens after fermentation. An acute liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day) to C57BL/6J mice for 5 days. A fermented A. arborescens Miller leaf (FAAL) extract was orally administered 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. After fermentation, the emodin content was approximately 13 times higher than that of the raw material. FAAL extract significantly attenuated ethanol-induced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride increases in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis revealed that FAAL extract inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and fat accumulation in liver tissues. The cytochrome P450 2E1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH), which involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, were effectively regulated by FAAL extract in serum and liver tissues, except for GSH. FAAL also maintained the antioxidant defense system by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression. In addition, FAAL extract inhibited the decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, which promoted alcohol metabolism and prevented the activation of inflammatory response. Our results suggest that FAAL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced acute liver injury.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

Background: Minor histocompatibility HY antigen, as a transplantation antigen, has been known to cause graft rejection in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) matched donor-recipient. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of male antigen (HY) disparity on MHC matched pancreatic islet transplantation and to examine the mechanism of the immune reaction. Methods: Pancreatic islets were isolated and purified by collagen digestion followed by Ficoll gradient. The isolated islets of male C57BL6/J were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic female mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocine. Blood glucose was monitored for the rejection of engrafted islets. After certain period of time, tail to flank skin transplantation was performed either on mouse transplanted with HY mismatched islets or on sham treated mouse. The rejection was monitored by scoring gross pathology of the engrafted skin. Results: HY mismatched islets survived more than 300 days in 14 out of 15 mice. The acceptance of second party graft (male B6 islets) and the rejection of third party graft (male BALB/c islets) in these mice suggested the tolerance to islets with HY disparity. B6 Skin with HY disparity was rejected on day $25{\pm}7$. However, HY mismatched skin transplanted on the mice tolerated to HY mismatched islets survived more than 240 days. Tetramer staining in these mice indicated the CTL recognizing MHC Db/Uty was not deleted or anergized. Conclusion: The islet transplantation across HY disparity induced tolerance to HY antigen in C57BL6 mouse, which in turn induced tolerance to HY mismatched skin, which otherwise would be rejected within 25 days. The MHC tetramer staining suggested the underlying mechanisms would not be clonal deletion or anergy.