• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

The vertebrae of female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) of twenty-eight years old were observed macroscopically. The result was summarized as follows; the vertebral formula of African elephant was $C_7$ $T_{21}$ $L_3$ $S_4$ $Cd_{21}$. The total length of the vertebral column removed intervertebreal disks was 353 cm. The length of each segment of vertebral column was 44 cm in cervical, 142 cm in thoracic, 21 cm in lumbar, 27 cm in sacral and 119 cm in caudal vertebrae. The 17th and 18th thoracic vertebrae (T) were partially fused each other in four parts: the transverse processes of 17th and 18th T, caudal articular process of 17th T and cranial articular process of 18th T, left mammilary process of 18th T and left transverse process of 17th T, and vertebral arch of 17th and 18th T, respectively. Others partial fusions also observed among the third luwbar, sacrum and ilium. These were in between transverse process of third lumbar vertebra and cranial parts of wing of sacrum, lateral part of sacrum and tuber sacrale, respectively. The sternum was consisted of three pieces; one is a part of anterior prestemum, two is the part from caudal demifacet at second facet to cranial demifacet at third facet in middle mesosternum, which is divided vertically into an half at second and third facets, respectively, and the last is the part between caudal demifacet of third facet in middle mesosternum and the posterior xiphisternum. There are 21 pairs of ribs, six sternal, ten asternal ribs and the last five being floating ribs.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2006

Purpose: Recombinant ScFv lym-1 was produced, using pET vector system for large scale production. Methods: ScFv lym-1 gene inserted pET-22b (+) vector, was expressed in E.coli BL-21 strain. ScFv lym-1 antibody extracted from periplasm, was purified with His-Taq column. To evaluated immunoreactivity with Raji cell, ScFv lym-1 was labeled with I-125 and I-125 ScFv lym-1 was purified with desalting column. Raji cell was injected into the C57BR/cdJ SCID mice. Gamma camera imaging were taken time point at 1, 8, 24, and 48 hr with 8 mm pinhole collimator. Results: An active scFv lym-1 could be produced in E. coli with soluble iron using PET vector system. Immuuoreaetivity and affinity constant of IgG lym-1 were 54% and $1.83{\times}10^9M^{-1}$, respectively, and those of scFv lym-1 were 53.7% and $1.46{\times}10^9M^{-1}$, respectively. Biodistribution of I-125 scFv lym-1 antibody showed faster clearance in blood, spleen, kidney and than I-125 IgG lym-1 antibody. Gamma camera image of I-125 scFv lym-1 antibody showed faster clearance and tumor targeting liver than I-125 IgG lym-1 antibody. Conclusions: In vitro properties of scFv lym-1 were similar to those of IgG lym-1. ScFv lym-1 showed faster blood clearance than IgG lym-1 There results suggest that scFv lym-1 antibody can be useful for tumor imaging agent.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2019

In this study, a sample preparation method and a simultaneous determination method by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for 9 isomers of chlorogenic acid and arbutin in fruits were developed. The samples were extracted using 90% methanol (pH 3.0), with the solutions being shaken and then sonicated for 10 min each. After centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 10 min, the extraction was concentrated under a vacuum at $40^{\circ}C$ using a vacuum evaporator. The residue was dissolved in 5 mL of 5% methanol and filtered through a $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane before UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The separations were performed on a C18 column with gradient elution of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid). The specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision of the proposed methods were also evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.715-721
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• 1995

Reaction between trans-$[Co(py)_4/Ci_2]^+(py=pyridine)$ and L-proline and diimine (=2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline) gives two products, $[Co(L-pro)_2/(bipy)]^+$ and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ complexes, respectively. On column chromatography, $[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]^+$ was obtained only as $Lambda$-trans(N) and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ was obtained both as ${\Delta}$-trans(N) and $Lambda$-cis(O)cis(N) due to the stereoselectivity of L-prolinato which was stereospecific. Crystal data are as follows: $Lambda$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]CIO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ (1): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.807(3), b=10.421(1), c=12.778(2) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=109.90(2)^{\circ}$, V=1227.8(5) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 1571 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.060, $R_W = 0.067$; ${\Delta}$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]Cl{\cdot}_3H_2O$(2): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.838(2), b=12.892(2), c=10.747(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=113.79(2)^{\circ}$, V=1247.2(4) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 2433 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.043, $R_W = 0.050$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 1988

This study was designed to find out whether the water quality of Lake Daeho would be suitable for Sgricultural purposes during 1984-1988 perird. Thr results were as follows ; 1. There was an apparent seasonal temperature fluctuation$(6-25^{\circ}C)$ above the entrance of the culvert at the depth of 14m, but the temperature below remained constant at $11,9^{\circ}C$. 2. The yearly water qualities observed at the deepest site by the seadike were 7.4-7.5 pH, 16,800-1,472 ${\mu}mhos/cm$ EC, 9.2-10.8ppm DO, 1.3-2.5ppm DOD, 2.4-5.3ppm COD, 0.22-2.29ppm T-N, 0.01-0.10ppm T-P. 3. The average values of water qualities at the epilimnion in 1988 were 7.6 pH, 1,745umhos/cm EC, 10.8ppm DO, 1.8ppm DOD, 2.4ppm COD, 0.52ppm T-N, 0.05ppm T-P. 4. The salinity of the epilimnion at a 6m depth was 29,000ppm before the final closure of the seadike. It was 11,000 ppm in March 1984, 4,300ppm in March 1985, 2,000ppm in March 1986 and 1987, and 900ppm in March 1988. The salinity of the whole water column decreased from 29.000ppm to 1,200 ppm in March 1988. The average salinity above and below the culvert in 1987 was about 1,300ppm, and 30,000ppm respectively reaching that of seawater. 5. The highest salinity was observed at the epilimnion by the seadike, showing about 5,835ppm in 1984. 6. The seasonal salinity fluctuation was 2,000ppm in May, 800ppm in October, and 485ppm in September 1987. 7. The halocline was observed at the depth of 14m where the entrance of the culvert was located. Therefore, the epilimnion water is suitable for agricultural purposes, and the intake of water from Lake Sapkyo seems to be unnecessary.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1720-1728
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• 2020

We have previously characterized AprESJ4, the major fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis SJ4 (Yao et al., 2019). During that study, we observed a 68 kDa protein with fibrinolytic activity. In this study, we cloned the gene (vprSJ4) encoding the 68 kDa protein, a mature Vpr and minor protease secreted by Bacillus species. vprSJ4 encodes a preproenzyme consisting of 810 amino acids (aa) including signal sequence (28 aa) and prosequence (132 aa). The mature enzyme (650 aa) has a predicted molecular weight of 68,467.35. Unlike Vprs from other B. subtilis strains, VprSJ4 has 4 additional amino acids (DEFA) at the C-terminus. vprSJ4 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. PreproVprSJ4 was localized in inclusion bodies, and subjected to in vitro renaturation and purification by an affinity column. SDS-PAGE and western blot showed that autoprocessing of preproVprSJ4 occurred and 68 kDa and smaller proteins were produced. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant VprSJ4 were pH 7.0 and 40℃, respectively. Kinetic parameters of recombinant VprSJ4 were measured by using an artificial substrate, N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe-p-nitroanilide. Coexpression of vprSJ4 and aprESJ4 using pHY300PLK increased the fibrinolytic activity a further 117% when compared with aprESJ4 single expression using the same vector in B. subtilis WB600.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2018

The fruits of Panax ginseng were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies for the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of five ginsenosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as ginsenoside F1 (1), ginsenoside F2 (2), ginsenoside F3 (3), ginsenoside Ia (4), notoginsenoside Fe (5) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, MS, and infrared. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of P. ginseng in this study. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines such as HCT-116, SK-OV-3, human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), HepG2, and SK-MEL-5. Among them compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Compound 2 exhibited cytotoxicity on SK-MEL-5, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 82.8, 86.8, and $78.3{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity on HCT-116, SK-MEL-5, SK-OV-3, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 24.5, 25.4, 26.3, 22.0, and $24.9{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 5 did on SK-MEL-5 cell with $IC_{50}$ value of $81.7{\mu}M$. The cytotoxicity of ginsenoside 2, 4, and 5 isolated from the fruits of Panax ginseng showed strong inhibition effect against on cancer cells, all of which have a glucopyranosyl moiety on C-3.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

Tolerance mechanism to simazine (6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in Coix lacryma-jobi was investigated with respect to herbicide detoxification via glutathione conjugation. Simazine was initially absorbed by seedlings of C. lacryma-jobi and corn, but after 12 hours of treatment, no significant difference in simazine absorption was found in both species. Simazine absorbed was rapidly metabolized to glutathione-simazine conjugate. One to six hours after treatment, metabolism was approximately 2-fold faster in C. lacryma-jobi than in corn. Glutathione content was found 1.5- and 2.3-fold higher in coleoptile and root of C. lacryma-jobi, respectively, compared with corn. In both species, the highest concentration of glutathione was found in coleoptile tissue. Glutathione S-transferase that exhibits activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not significantly different between two species. However, glutathione S-transferase activity with simazine was approximately 2-fold greater in C. lacryma-jobi than in corn. The glutathione S-transferase activity was 20 to 30% greater in shoot of either species than in root. Fast protein liquid chromatography-anion exchange column was used to separate glutathione S-transferase isozymes in coleoptiles of C. lacryma-jobi and corn. A peak of glutathione S-transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and two peaks of glutathione S-transferase activity with simazine from C. lacryma-jobi were coeluted with those from corn, but showed greater activity than in the case of corn. Another glutathione S-transferase isozyme that exhibits activity with simazine was detected in the elution of C. lacryma-jobi extract, but not in corn. Electron transport in chloroplast thylakoids isolated from leaves of both species was equally sensitive to simazine applied at 1 to 100 nM. These results indicate that the simazine tolerance in C. lacryma-jobi is due to its capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation, which is positively correlated with the level of glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

In inland aquaculture, a lot of fishes often died cause of touch of L. carteri which is attached on the net cage. In this works, the experiment were carried out on classification of species, toxin test, and extermination with some chemicals. A bryozoa from net cage in lake Okjeong is classified into the Phylactolaemata, Lophopodella carteri Hyatt. A bryozoa broke out firstly on the 30th of June with water temperature up to $31^{\circ}C$ and it reattached on the net with water temperature below $30^{\circ}C$. Size of bryozoa colony is about $0.8{\times}0.6{\sim}1.7{\times}1.5cm$. Water column of attachment was 0~5m and the peak is 2~3m. In toxin test on the israeli carp, goldfish and catfish touched with bryozoa for 1 minute at $25^{\circ}C$ of water temperature, a dead fish appeared at 20 minutes after touched. Mortality was 90% for israeli carp and 100% for goldfish at 100 minuties after touched, but catfish was not died at all. It was supposed that the toxin is from nematocyst being around tentacles and this toxin act a deadly poison on a israeli carp and goldfish. In extermination test, the bryozoa treated with 300ppm of formalin, 5% of sodium chloride, 5ppm of malachite green, 200ppm of potassium permanganate, 1000ppm of potassium iodide, 10ppm of DDVP for minute respectively, all of them were not effected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1982

The thermal degradation of 0.05M glucose-arginine model system was occurred during heat treatment for 0$\sim$7 hours at $60{\sim}120^{\circ}C$. and the melanoid in formation was investigated as a function of temperature. The decomposition reaction of glucose and arginine, as well as the reaction of melanoidin formation, followed first-order kinetics, except the reaction at $120^{\circ}C$. and the rate constants ($hr^{-1}\times 10^3$) of those reactions were ranged from 14.20 to 837. 10. Temperature dependence of the rate constants was characterized by the Arrhenius equation, except the reaction at $120^{\circ}C$. The ranges of activation energy and $Q_{10}$ values were 12.122$\sim$18.142 kcal/mole and 1.65$\sim$2.12, respectively.