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Combined Effects of Bacteriocin of Enterococcus faecalis MJ-213 and Organic Acid on Listeria monocytogenes Inactivation (Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 Enterococcus faecalis MJ-213이 생산한 박테리오신과 유기산 혼합 처리의 항균활성)

  • Lim, Sung-Mee
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 2009
  • In this study, the effect of combining oragnic acid and bacteriocin of E. faecalis MJ-213 isolated from Meju against L. monocytogenes KCTC 3569 growth in BHI broth and ground pork was investigated. In combination, the effects of 256 BU/ml bacteriocin and 1.5% acetic acid, citric acid or lactic acid were synergistic and effective than those compounds alone in controlling the viable cell counts of L. moncytogenes. The addition of increasing concentrations of the bacteriocin or organic acids led to a marked decrease in the number of L. monocytogenes. The combining treatment of the bacteriocin (256 BU/ml) and organic acid (1.5%) in ground pork inoculated with L. monocytogenes (5 log CFU/ml) resulted in 1 to 2 log CFU/ml reduction of cell counts during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 60 h. Also, the bacteriocin of E. faecalis MJ-213 was relatively stable at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 min.

Tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) toxicity on the survival rate and burrowing activity of the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) (대복, Gomphina veneriformis의 생존 및 저질 잠입성에 미치는 TBTCl의 독성)

  • Park, Jung-Jun;Jin, Young-Guk;Lee, Jung-Sick
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to find out biological responses of bivalves exposed to organotin compound.The results of the study confirmed that tribultyltin chloride (TBTCl) induce reduction of survival rate andburrowing activity, and histopathological feature in the foot structure of the equilateral venus, Gomphinaveneriformis. The experimental period was 36 weeks. The experimental groups consisted of a control and 3TBTCl exposure groups (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 ym TBTCl L'). The survival rate and burrowing activity were record-ed daily. For histological analysis, foot tissues were fixed in Bouin' s fluid and then stained H-E stain, AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction and Masson's trichrome stain after having serially sectioned the tissue by paraffinmethod at thickness of 4-6 ym. The survival rate was not significantly different between the control andexposure groups for 20 weeks, but in 0.8 Um TBTCl L', it was on the decreased ever since the exposure. Theburrowing activity was not significantly different in the exposure group compared to the control up to 12weeks, but in 0.6 and 0.8 ym TBTCl L', it measured the lowest level after 20 weeks. The foot is composedof the epidermal layer, connective tissue, and muscular layer. The epidermal layer is composed of simplecolumnar, cuboidal epithelia and mucous cells. The cilia were well developed on the apical surface ofepithelium, Circular, longitudinal and transverse muscle bundle were well developed in the muscular layer.The majority mucous cells showed blue color (542c) when it subjected to AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction. Nohistopathological alterations in the foot were observed up to 12 weeks. After 20 weeks of exposure to 0.8 (anTBTCl L'', the foot samples of exposed G. veneriformis showed disappearance of cilia and striated borderpartially and extension of hemolymph sinus. The mucous cell increased in the marginal of foot. At 28-weekof exposure to 0.4 ym TBTCl L', it observed weekly acid (564c), neutral (264c) and mixed mucous cell. At36-week of exposure to 0.6 ym TBTCl L', it showed fragmentation of the muscle and collagen fiber bundle,and also diappearance of cilia on epithelia and edema of epithelium in 0.8 ym TBTCl L''.

Measurement conditions for cadmium in urine by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (불꽃원자 흡수광법에 의한요중 카드뮴 배설량 측정의 지적조건)

  • Choi, Ho-Chun;Chung, Kyou-Chull
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 1984
  • The optimum conditions for measuring cadmium content of less than 0.2ppm by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were investigated. The cadmium in urine was extracted by APDC-MIBK for the analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after ashing them by a wet method. 1. Optimum conditions by APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions. The acidic aqueous solution was prepared with appropriate amount of 0.IN nitric acid, 5ml of 25% (W/V) sodium potasstum tartarate, 10ml of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 2ml of 2% APDC(or 1 ml of 5% DDTC) chelating agent. The total volume of solution was adjusted to 55 ml and pH to $2{\sim}10$ (or$7{\sim}10$). The aqueous solution was extracted with 10ml MIBK. Concentration of Triton X-100 did not effect the absorbance for APDC-MIBK extraction of cadmium, but absorbance decreased as the concentration increased for DDTC-MIBK extraction. The sensitivity and detection limits for the cadmium determination from APDC-MIBK extraction were 0.0038ppm and 0.0102, 0.0022ppm and 0.0116 for DDTC-MIBK, and 0.0132ppm and 0.0034 for 0.1N nitric acid. APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions were 3 times higher than 0.1N nitric acid for the sensitivity. 2. Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine by APDC-MIBK extraction. Determination of cadmium in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of A.A. (Cd=2 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4mA, $D_2=20mA$) mode showed some difference (p<0.05). The difference of cadmium determination and recovery according to method of standard additions and standard calibration curve method in urine was not significant (p>0.05, $93.48{\pm}11.78%,\;94.83{\pm}22.00%$). Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine collection from normal person and variance analysis within measurement variation was not significant (p>0.05), but between interindividual was significant (0.05). Determination of cadmium content by two different methods of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone colorimetry showed that the results from the two methods can be described by a regression line with a good correlation (y=1.0153x-0.2927, x=Cd by D.C., y=Cd by A.A.S., $r=0.8651^*$, p<0.01).

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Study on the Mechanism of Vascular Relaxation of Methanol Extract of Rose multiflora Radix (장미근(薔薇根) 메탄올 추출물의 혈관이완 기전에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Joong;Jo, Nam-Geun;Lee, Jun-Kyoung;Cao, Li-Hua;Lee, Hyuck;An, Jung-Seok;Um, Jae-Yeon;Joe, Gye-One;Na, Han-Il;Kyung, Eun-Ho;Kang, Dae-Gil;Lee, Ho-Sub
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.408-413
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    • 2007
  • Vascular tone plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In the present study, the methanol extract of Rosae multiflora Radix (MRM) induced dose-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aorta, which was abolished by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic tissues with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methly ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-${\alpha}$]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the relaxation induced by MRM, respectively. But, the relaxation effect of MRM was not blocked by indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), verapamil, diltiazem, atropine, and propranolol, respectively. Moreover, incubation of endothelium-intact aortic rings with MRM increased the production of cGMP. Taken together, the present results suggest that MRM relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP signaling. These results would be useful for further study to MRM on animal models with cardiovascular diseases.

Effects of Environmental Factors on Algal Communities in the Nakdong River (낙동강의 환경요인이 조류군집 구성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu, Jae Jeong;Lee, Hae Jin;Lee, Kyung-Lak;Lee, In Jeong;Jung, Gang Young;Cheon, Se Uk
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.539-548
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to investigate algal community structures and their correlations with environmental factors on five weir areas in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Water qualities, hydrodynamics, meteorological conditions and algal species compositions were observed in studied sites from May 2010 to Dec. 2013. Results showed that average total phosphorus concentration of 2013 was decreased by 52.4% in comparing with that from 2010 to 2011. Chlorophyll.a concentrations were positive significant with water temperature, pH, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, but is not significant with turbidity and suspended solids. Seasonal successions of algae were observed that Stephanodiscus sp. was dominant species with 65.3% of dominant frequency in studied site. Large algal biomass of the low temperature-adapted diatoms were observed during temperature range of $4{\sim}9^{\circ}C$, but large cyanobacterial biomass mainly during high temperature period ranged from $22^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$. Microcystis sp. dominated during high water temperature in summer. The yearly correlations of algal biomass with accumulated solar radiations were not significant but seasonal correlations of summer from June to August were significant with correlation coefficient 0.33 (p<0.05). There were not significant correlations between turbidities and algal biomass. Turbidity and suspended solids concentrations were not significant correlation with algal biomass. According to the results, algal communities had strong correlation with water temperature and had partially correlation with solar radiation. For an effective management of algal blooms, water managers should survey with more long-term monitoring of various environmental factors and algal communities.

Characteristics of Growth and Germination of Salicornia herbacea L. for the Soil salinity and Manure Condition (토양염분.시비 조건에 따른 퉁퉁마디 생장 및 발아 특성)

  • Jo, Yeong-Cheol;Lee, Kyeong-Sik;Chon, Song-Mi;Byun, Do-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.100-108
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    • 2002
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the cultivation condition of soil salinity, manure and to find out the cultivation capability of Salicornia herbacea. The optimal growth condition of soil salinity was between 1% and 4%. The growth of groups for fertilization was significantly better than control group. Salicornia herbacea grew very up from 7 kg/l0a to 9 kg/l0a for N, 12 kg/l0a for P and the K-fertilizer group was better than control group but there was not significantly different among the conditions of K-concentration. The germination was good from $0{\textperthousand}\;to\;5{\textperthousand}$ for salinity, from $20^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ for temperature. On the experiment cultivation, the production by hill seeding was $5.40{\sim}5.90 kg/m^2$ and was significantly higher than the yield by broadcast sowing which was $4.01{\sim}4.20 kg/m^2$. The production by hill seeding was 2.7 times than natural production and the production by broadcast sowing 1.9 times.

A Case Report of Diabetic Hyperlipidemia in a Patient with Cerebral Infarction Treated with Ojeok-san (뇌경색 환자의 당뇨병성 고지혈증에 대한 오적산가감방(五積散加減方) 호전 1례)

  • Han, Seung-Hea;Jeong, Byeong-Ju;Woo, Sung-Ho;Kim, Byung-Chul;Kim, Yong-Ho;Seo, Ho-Seok;Hwang, Gyu-Dong;Cho, Cheol-Jun;Nam, Hyo-Ick;Kim, Jin-Won
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2005
  • Hyperlipidemia is one of the major factors causing the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and well-documented modifiable risk factors of stroke, especially of the ischemic type. For Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus sufferers, if blood sugar is appropriately maintained, lipid and lipoprotein are normal, but if blood sugar is inappropriately maintained or clinical Diabetic nephropathy induces metabolic disorder of lipid, then Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels go up and high density lipoprotein levels go down. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of treatment with Ojeok-san and to observe the changes in Fasting Blood Sugar(FBS), 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Sugar(PP2h), Haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), Total Cholesterol(T-Chol) and Triglyceride(TG). After the treatment, Fasting Blood Sugar decreased from 149mg/dl to 89mg/dl. 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Sugar decreased from l85mg/dl to 110mg/dl. Haemoglobin A1c decreased from 6.3% to 5.7%. Total Cholesterol decreased from 268mg/dl to 217mg/dl. And Triglyceride decreased from 438mg/dl to 265mg/dl. These results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treating Diabetic Hyperlipidemia. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

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Aging Effect on the Antimicrobial Activity of Nanometal (Au, Ag)-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites (Aging 효과에 따른 나노메탈(Au, Ag)-이산화티탄 복합체의 항균 활성도)

  • Park, Hye-Rim;Lee, Sang-Wha;Yoo, In-Sang
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.293-296
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    • 2012
  • Nanocomposites were fabricated as titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) doped with nanometals (Au, Ag) by sonochemical reduction method and sol-gel method in order to investigate their antimicrobial activities. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the resulting samples was compared by the measurement of colony numbers survived on the agar plate incubated for 24 h after the loading E. coli on the solid-state media with the nanocomposites. The initial antimicrobial activity of the metal (Au, Ag)-doped $TiO_2$ was higher than that of the pristine $TiO_2$. Afterwards the nanocomposite samples were kept at $4^{\circ}C$ for a long time and the aged samples exhibited the different antimicrobial activity. With the elapse of aging times, Ag-doped $TiO_2$ with $TiO_2$ coating ($Ag-TiO_2$@$TiO_x$) exhibited the higher antimicrobial activity than those of $Ag-TiO_2$and $Au-TiO_2$. The $TiO_2$ coating on the $Ag-TiO_2$ may prevent the oxidation of Ag nanometals and stabilize colloidal nanocomposites.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of water Quality of the Coastal Saline Groundwaters in Jeju Island (제주도 염지하수 수질의 시공간적 변화)

  • 김성수;김대권;손팔원;이창훈;하동수
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2003
  • We have investigated water quality of the coastal saline groundwaters utilized for fish farms in Jeju Island. The water quality investigation included the spatial observations for 75 fish farms during March-May, 1994 and the hi-monthly observations for both coastal saline groundwaters and seawaters at four fish farms from August 1994 to December 1995. Water temperature of the saline groundwaters ranged from 16 to 18$^{\circ}C$ over the study period. Salinity of the saline groundwaters varied between 20.60 ppt and 34.02 ppt, slightly lower than that of the coastal seawaters(26.47~34.53 ppt). This salinity variation must be associated with local precipitation conditions in Jeju Island. The oxygen saturation for most saline groundwater samples was lower than 80%, ranging from 24.7 to 89.8%. The COD and pH values for the saline groundwaters were similar to those for the coastal seawaters. The concentrations of DIP for the saline groundwaters varied between 0.021 mg/L and 0.121 mg/ L, and seasonal variation of DIP in the saline groundwater ranged from 0.014 to 0.077 mg/L, which were higher than that of the coastal seawaters(0.000~0.015 mg/L). Nitrate in the saline groundwaters accounted for more than 90% of the DIM. The maximum concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and DIN in the saline groundwaters were 0.085, 0.012, 2.294 and 2.309 mg/L, respectively. These concentrations of the saline groundwaters were considerably lower than those affected culture organisms. Overall, the saline groundwaters utilized for fish farms in Jeju Island appear to maintain good waterquality for fish farms.

Physicochemical of burdock (Arctium lappa L) tea depending on steaming and roasting treatment (증숙 및 볶음처리에 따른 우엉차의 품질특성)

  • Kwon, Yu-Ri;Youn, Kwang-Sup
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.646-651
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    • 2014
  • To evaluate the processing adaptability of burdock (Arctium lappa L) tea, the physicochemical properties of burdock tea treated with steaming and roasting were investigated. The tea treatments included hot-air drying after roasting (HDR, drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr), steaming after hot-air drying (SHD, steaming at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min), and steaming and then hot-air drying followed by roasting (SHDR, roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for 3 min). The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and sensory properties of the HDR, SHD, and SHDR teas were measured in hot water, and the tea was extracted from each sample. The color values of lightness (L) and yellowness (b) were lower in the HDR and SHDR teas, and the total sugar content of the SHDR tea was significantly higher than that of the other teas. The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of the SHDR tea with a 500 mg% concentration were significantly higher than those of the SHD tea. In the sensory evaluation, the SHDR tea was ranked significantly higher than the other samples as to its color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The results suggest that SHDR can be applied to burdock tea to achieve high quality and functionality.