• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2019

개비자나무[Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forbes) K. Koch]와 비자나무[Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc.]의 3년생 실생묘를 유리온실에 재배하면서 실험재료로 사용하였다. 실내의 광량을 측정하여 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정하였다. 광량을 제외한 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 습도($55{\pm}3%$) 및 관수(1회/3일)주기를 일정하게 유지시킨 밀실에서 8주간 재배하였다. 유리온실에서 재배중인 식물과 광량별 처리구의 초장, 줄기직경, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽록소함량(SPAD) 및 광화학반응을 평가하였다. 개비자나무의 생육결과, 모든 광량조건에서 줄기직경과 엽록소함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 초장, 엽폭의 경우 대조구와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 스트레스지수(Fm/Fo), 최대양자수율(Fv/Fm) 및 광계II 성능지수(Pi_Abs)는 대조구에 비해 모든 광량에서 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 10 PPFD의 광량을 제외한 처리구에서 재배된 비자나무의 초장, 줄기직경, 엽장, 엽폭은 대조구와 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 한편, 엽수와 엽록소함량은 대조구에 비해 우수하였다. Fm/Fo, Fv/Fm, Pi_Abs 및 비광학적 에너지의 손실(DIo/RC)은 모든 광량처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 측정값을 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 실내 광조건에서 자생 장미과 상록 활엽 목본 2종의 생육반응을 조사하였다. 식물재료는 다정큼나무[Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata (Thunb.) Ohashi]와 비파나무[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.]의 3년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 실내 광량은 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정되었으며, 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 습도($55{\pm}3%$) 및 관수(1회/3일) 주기는 일정하게 유지하였다. 실내에서 8주간 재배한 다음 유리온실에서 동일 기간동안 재배된 대조구와 생육 및 광합성 능력 등을 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 다정큼나무의 생육은 200 PPFD에서 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, 줄기직경은 광량과 정비례하는 경향이었다. 엽수는 대조구에 비해 고 광량(100, 200 PPFD) 조건에서 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 처리 별 최대 양자수율(Fv/Fm) 및 광계II 성능지수(Pi_Abs)는 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, 광량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 비파나무는 재배기간 동안 광량에 관계없이 생육변화가 크지 않았으나, 엽록소함량은 200 PPFD에서 가장 많았다. 한편 10 PPFD에서는 모든 개체의 잎 고사에 따른 관상가치가 하락하였다. Fv/Fm은 200 PPFD에서 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, Pi_Abs는 저광량(10, 50 PPFD) 조건에서 유의적으로 높은 수치였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 실내에 조사되는 다양한 광량하에서 녹나무과 목본 2종을 재배하면서 생육반응을 조사하였다. 식물재료는 참식나무[Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz.]와 후박나무(Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc.)의 3년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 실험공간은 광량을 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 달리하였으며, 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 습도($55{\pm}3%$) 및 관수(1회/3일) 조건이 동일하게 유지되는 밀실로 조성되었다. 각 광량조건 하에서 8주간 재배된 식물의 생육특성 및 광화학반응이 조사되었으며, 유리온실에 동일 기간동안 재배한 식물과 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 참식나무는 광량에 관계없이 초장을 제외한 전반적인 생육반응이 유사하였으며, 엽록소함량(SPAD)은 광량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 최대양자수율(Fv/Fm) 및 스트레스지수(Fm/Fo)는 200 PPFD에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 이는 대조구와 유사한 경향이었다. 후박나무는 대조구와 비교하여 모든 광량조건에서 초장이 감소하였으며, 특히 10 PPFD에서는 잎의 탈락에 따른 관상가치가 저하되었다. 엽록소함량은 100, 200 PPFD 광량에서 감소하였으며, 대조구도 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 유리온실의 대조구와 100, 200 PPFD 광량에서 최대양자수율, 스트레스지수 및 PSII 성능지수(Pi_Abs)의 유의한 차이가 확인되었다.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of pre-treatment on the PEO film formation of AZ91 Mg alloy. The pre-treatment was conducted for 10 min at room temperature in 0.5 M oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄) solution containing various ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) concentrations. The pre-treated AZ91 Mg specimens were anodized at 100 mA/cm² of 300 Hz AC for 2 min in 0.1 M NaOH + 0.4 M Na₂SiO₃ solution. When AZ91 Mg alloy was pretreated in 0.5 M oxalic acid with NH₄F concentration less than 0.3 M, continuous dissolution of the AZ91 Mg alloy occurred together with the formation of black smuts and arc initiation time for PEO film formation was very late. It was noticed that corrosion rate of the AZ91 Mg alloy became faster if small amount of NH₄F concentration, 0.1 M, is added. The fast corrosion is attributable to fast formation of porous fluoride together with porous oxides in the reaction products. On the other hand, when AZ91 Mg alloy was pretreated in 0.5 M oxalic acid with sufficient NH₄F more than 0.3 M, a thin and dense protective film was formed on the AZ91 Mg alloy surface which resulted in faster initiation of arcs and formation of PEO film.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.479-490
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• 2021

Present research is mainly focused on, microstructural and durability analysis of Graphene Oxide (GO) in Wollastonite (WO) induced cement mortar with silica fume. The study was conducted by evaluating the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength), durability properties (water absorption, sorptivity and sulphate resistance) and microstructural analysis by SEM. Cement mortar mix prepared by replacing 10% ordinary portland cement with SF was considered as the control mix. Wollastonite replacement level varied from 0 to 20% by weight of cement. The optimum replacement of wollastonite was found to be 15% and this was followed by four sets of mortar specimens with varying substitution levels of cementitious material with GO at dosage rates of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% by weight. The results indicated that the addition of up to 15%WO and 0.3% GO improves the hydration process and increase the compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar due to the pore volume reduction, thereby strengthening the mortar mix. The resistance to water penetration and sulphate attack of mortar mixes were generally improved with the dosage of GO in presence of 15% Wollastonite and 10% silica fume content in the mortar mix. Furthermore, FE-SEM test results showed that the WO influences the lattice framework of the cement hydration products increasing the bonding between silica fume particles and cement. The optimum mix containing 0.3% GO with 15% WO replacement exhibited extensive C-S-H formation along with a uniform densified structure indicating that calcium meta-silicate has filled the pores.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.954-964
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• 2021

Mirror carp Cyprinus carpio nudus (weight 42.0±3.8 g, length 14.3±0.4 cm) were exposed to different concentrations of waterborne copper (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 ㎍ Cu²⁺·L^-1) at 20.3℃ for 96 h. The lethal concentration 50 of waterborne copper was 1,176.45 ㎍ Cu²⁺·L^-1. Among hematological parameters, red blood cell count was significantly decreased, whereas there were no significant changes in the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. Among the inorganic plasma components, calcium was significantly decreased following copper exposure. Conversely, organic plasma components such as glucose and total protein were significantly increased. Similarly, enzymatic components, such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, were also significantly increased. These findings suggest that the copper exposure is detrimental to the survival rates and physiology of C. carpio nudus.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 1979

This experiment was earned out with $^32$P labeled phosphate and lime to determine the optimum amount of phosphate and lime fertilizers to soybean under various types of soil. The determination was made by the index of absorption of phosphate by soybean plants. The index of phosphate was 854 (mg/100g) in non matured soil. Due to the capability of neutralization of calcium the PH of the soil was raised to 6.5. The highest yield was obtained in matured soil at the index of phosphate absorption at 5% level. The degree of contribution of phosphate in. non matured soil showed slightly higher tendancy than that in matured soil.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.18.1-18.11
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• 2023

Immunologists have activated T cells in vitro using various stimulation methods, including phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies. PMA stimulates protein kinase C, activating nuclear factor-κB, and ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, resulting in activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell. In contrast, αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies activate T cells through ZAP-70, which phosphorylates linker for activation of T cell and SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD. However, despite the use of these two different in vitro T cell activation methods for decades, the differential effects of chemical-based and antibody-based activation of primary human T cells have not yet been comprehensively described. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies to analyze gene expression unbiasedly at the single-cell level, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of the non-physiological and physiological activation methods on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived T cells from four independent donors. Remarkable transcriptomic differences in the expression of cytokines and their respective receptors were identified. We also identified activated CD4 T cell subsets (CD55⁺) enriched specifically by PMA/ionomycin activation. We believe this activated human T cell transcriptome atlas derived from two different activation methods will enhance our understanding, highlight the optimal use of these two in vitro T cell activation assays, and be applied as a reference standard when analyzing activated specific disease-originated T cells through scRNA-seq.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate of growth performances and net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium microdictyon Prokh. distributed inland and Allium ochotense Prokh. originated Ulleung-do. The Allium microdictyon on the growth of 1-2 years showed the largest relative growth rate, and showed high relative growth from three to four years. Allium ochotense on the growth from one year to three years showed high relative growth rate. The T/R rate of Allium ochotense of 2~5years was in the range of 0.4~0.5. However, The T/R rate of Allium microdictyon was increased as increasing with age. This implies that Allium microdictyon was consumed more energy on growing subterranean part. The LWR of 1~3years old Allium ochotense. was showed more smaller than 4~5years old. It seems that the growth characteristics of Allium ochotense 1-3 years after sowing the leaf growth consume more energy than Allium microdictyon. Net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium ochotense for 1-3 years after sowing was higher than that of Allium microdictyon. In this time, the material of Allium ochotense has a higher production efficiency can be seen indirectly.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.168-177
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• 2024

Ni-rich cathode is one of the promising candidates for high-energy lithium-ion battery applications. Due to its specific capacity, easy industrialization, and good circulation ability, Ni-rich cathode materials have been widely used for lithium-ion batteries. However, due to the limitation of the co-precipitation method, including sewage pollution, and the instability of the long production cycles, developing a new efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic approach is critical. In this study, the Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor powder was successfully synthesized by an efficient spray-drying method using carbonate compounds as a raw material. This Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor was calcined by mixing with LiOH·H₂O (5 wt% excess) at 480℃ for 5 hours and then sintered at two different temperatures (780℃/800℃) for 15 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to complete the cathode active material preparation, which is a key component of lithium-ion batteries. As a result, LiNi_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03O₂ cathode active material powders were obtained successfully via a simple sintering process on the Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor powder. Furthermore, the obtained LiNi_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03O₂ cathode active material powders were characterized. Overall, the material sintered at 780℃ shows superior electrochemical performance by delivering a discharge capacity of 190.76 mAh/g at 1^st cycle (0.1 C) and excellent capacity retention of 66.80% even after 50 cycles.