• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3;1{\rightarrow}6)$-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2014

In this study, the effect of the automotive haptic-seat technology which can transmit the driving information by the vibro-stimulus from the seat was investigated to overcome previous system's limitation relied on the visual and audial method and to help handicap driving. A prototype haptic seat cover with 30 coin-type motors and driver module were developed for this sake. In an experiment of seat vibration stimulation being performed under virtual driving situation by targeting the elderly aged over 65 years old, average score of test subjects for total vibration recognition was 3.5/4 points and recognition rate of 87.5% was represented. In addition, a result that all the test subjects totally recognized overspeed warning signal of 4 times was represented. As a result of statistical analysis for vibration recognition score by each group depending on TMT score, a significant difference was not found and a result that tactile function of which vibration is recognized even by the aged whose visual, perceptional function is declined showed an equal ability was obtained.. In this study it was shown that the seat vibration stimulus could be used to transfer the old drivers' information while driving.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 2005

The application of consomme prepared with different ratios of ground beef and ground chicken to improve taste preferences and the cost of foodstuffs was attempted by reviewing fundamental data and the effect on the sensory and physical characteristics of treatment These treatments were prepared with different ratios(9:1(A), 7:3(B), 5:5(C), 3:7(D), 1:9(E) w/w) of ground beef and ground chicken, respectively. Sensory properties were evaluated in the aspects of both acceptability and intensity. From the acceptability aspect, A treatment showed the highest scores in smell, B in mouthfeel and taste, A and B in color and overall acceptability, respectively. In terms of acceptability, B treatment was favored most for color, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability except smell. The more the ground chicken, the higher the intensity aspect E treatment showed higher values than A in all the intensity aspects. Moisture contents and crude proteins increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground beef, whereas crude ash, solid matter and pH increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Tumidity values were the highest in E treatment, whereas the lowest in A. Tumidity values were increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Viscosity increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The highest viscosity was shown in E treatment The colorimetric lightness values(L) decreased and redness(a), yellowness(b) and total color difference values(AE) increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. This experimental study showed that A and B treatment had the highest values in overall acceptability. The results of analysis in crude protein, solid matter, tumidity and viscosity were increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. B treatment prepared with a ratio of 7:3 of ground beef and chicken had the most favorable sensory quality. These results suggested the basic information to improve acceptability and to save the costs of Consomme recipes for foodservice institutions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3041-3046
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• 2014

Blue emitting materials, 9,10-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-anthracene (AC-P), 9,10-bis-[1,1';4',1"]terphenyl-4-yl-anthracene (AC-DP), and 9,10-bis[3",5"-deiphenyltriphenyl-4'-yl]anthracene (AC-TP) were synthesized through boration and Suzuki aryl-aryl coupling reaction. EL performance of blue light-emitters was optimized and improved by varying the chemical structures of the side groups. In the thin film state, the three materials exhibit $PL_{max}$ values in the range of 442-456 nm. EL device with the synthesized compounds in the following configuration was fabricated: ITO/4,4',4"-tris(N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (2-TNATA) 60nm/N,N'-bis (naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) 15nm/synthesized blue emitting materials (30nm)/1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl (TPBi) 20nm/LiF 1nm/Al 200nm. The current efficiency and C.I.E. value of AC-TP were 3.87 cd/A and (0.15, 0.12). A bulky and non-planar side group helps to prevent ${\pi}-{\pi}^*$ stacking interaction, which should lead to the formation of more reliable amorphous film. This is expected to have a positive effect on the high efficiency of the operating OLED device.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.638-645
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• 2015

This effect of replacing pork with corn starch, chicken breast and surimi on the chemical composition, physical, texture and sensory properties of sausage were investigated during storage. Five treatments of sausage such as; T1 (10:0:0, %), T2 (10:5:0, %), T3 (10:10:5, %), T4 (10:15:10, %) and T5 (10:20:15, %) were prepared with replacement of pork with corn starch, chicken breast and surimi. The sausage made with pork meat served as control (C). The sausage in the control had higher moisture and fat contents, but lower protein content than the treatments (p<0.05). The sausages in the T2 and T5 had decreased pH values after 3 wk storage (p<0.05). The lightness value was lowest in the T3, while the yellowness values were lowest in the T5 during the storage. The TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values were lowest in the control in all storage times (p<0.05). However, the sausage in the control had higher VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) value than the treatments during the 1 wk storage (p<0.05). All treatments had significantly higher hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness values (p<0.05) than the control. The results indicated that corn starch, chicken breast and surimi can used as a pork replacer, that it also improves the physicochemical and texture properties of pork sausages.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 1996

In vivo and in vitro skin permeation of $recombinant^{125}$ I-EGF through normal, stripped and the first degree burn skin were studied. The in vitro skin permeation rate through the first degree burn skin $(296\;cpm/cm^2/hr)$ and the stripped skin $(1131\;cpm/cm^2/hr)$ were 3.5 times and 13 times higher, respectively, as compared with the one through normal skin. In vivo absorption study with the first degree burn skin, the peak concentration of EGF in the skin was achieved at 1-3 hr and decreased afterward up to 8 hr with an elimination constant of $1.31{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml/hr$. To investigate the higher elimination rate of EGF in burn skin, binding and metabolism studies were conducted. No significant metabolism of EGF in burn skin $(100^{\circ}C,\;5-second\;burning)$ was observed. With the presence or unlabelled-EGF $^{125}I-EGF$ permeation through the burn skin showed higher permeation rate than the one without unlabelled-EGF. The result nay indicate that EGF-receptor binding play a role in determining the skin permeation rate.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.397-412
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• 1996

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies to improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in apartment buildings. To investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as radon, formaldehyde, and VOCs, both the document survey and the field measurement were conducted. In addition, to identify the source of the air pollutants, the laboratory experiment was carried out for various building materials. Finally, the minimum period to be reserved befor3e building occupation to ensure healthy IAQ, which largely depends on the ventilation rates, was simulated using a simple compuer program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of newly-constructed apartment houses, concentrations of formaldehyde, VOCs and radon were found to exceed the standard. Meanwhile, at existing apartment houses, concentrations of VOCs, particularly toluene and xylene, highly exceeded the standasrd level. Concentrations of formaldehyde and radon, however, had been lowered according to the duration of occupation. 2. The laboratory experiment of concentration of pollutants per square meter of building material surface area showed that radon gas was much emitted from the gypsumboard; formaldehyde from flooring and wallpaper; and VOCs from paints and kitchen furnishings. The emission rates of formaldehyde and VOCs were proportional to air temperature. 3. According to the simulation of the minimum period to be reserved before occupation, newly-constructed airtight houses required about 190-200 days, and naturally ventialted houses with fully-open-windows required about 20-45days, in order to keep the level of radon gas lower than standard. Therefore, with the current practice, the date of occupation should be delayed for about 15 days.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.6 s.90
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2005

The influence of liquid shotcrete accelerators(alkali aluminate, two types of alkali-free) was investigated. Comparing to the existing alkali aluminate accelerator, new alkali-free accelerator, AF2, shortened initial and final setting of cement system, and after curing for 1 day compressive strength was analogous with others. On the other hand, compressive strength of specimen cured for 12 hour was the highest by the addition of alkali aluminate accelerator, but final strength was the lowest by that. But compressive strengths of AF1, AF2 were similar to Plain up to 28day. Further from XRD(X-Ray Diffractometer) and DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analyses, we confirmed that setting promoted by alkali aluminate was mainly because of Ca(OH)2(calcium hydroxide), but the accelerating behavior of alkali-free was influenced by the needle-like ettringite$(6CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}3SO_3{\cdot}32H_2O)$ crystal.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound that is widely used in dentistry as a component of zinc oxide eugenol cement that is commonly applied to the mouth environment. Cisplatin is one of the most potent known anticancer agents and shows significant clinical activity against a variety of solid tumors. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with eugenol and cisplatin on human melanoma (G361) cells. To investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment, an MTT assay was conducted. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining and an analysis of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate the expression levels and the translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following this co-treatment. Furthermore, proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed. The results indicated that a co-treatment with eugenol and cisplatin induced multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells including nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, the increase and decrease of Bax and Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 300 ${\mu}M$ eugenol or 3 ${\mu}M$ cisplatin for 24 h did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of eugenol and cisplatin is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.6 s.301
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• pp.297-302
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• 2007

With aids of square wave voltammetry (SWV) the redox behavior for various combination of polyvalent ions (Sb+Fe, Sb+Zn, Sb+Ce+Ti+Zn) was investigated in alkali-alkaline earth-silica CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) glass melts. The current-potential curve so called voltammogram was produced at temperature range of 1400 to $1000^{\circ}C$ under the scanned potential between 0 and -800 mV at 100 Hz. In the case of the Sb+Fe and Sb+Zn doped melts, peak for $Sb^{3+}/Sb^0$ shown voltammogram was shifted to negative direction comparing to the only Sb doped melts. However, according to voltammogram of Sb+Ce+Ti+Zn doped melt, Ti and Ce except Zn had hardly any influence on the redox reaction of Sb. Based on the temperature dependence of the peak potential, standard enthalpy (${\Delta}H^0$) and standard entropy (${\Delta}S^0$) for the reduction of $Fe^{3+}$ to $Fe^{2+}$, $Sb^{3+}$ to $Sb^0$, $Zn^{2+}$ to $Zn^0$ and $Ti^{2+}$ to $Ti^0$ in each polyvalent ion combination of CRT glass melts were calculated.