• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.222-225
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• 1993

축육제품의 실제 열처리 온도범위에서 적용가능한 열확산도 추정식을 제시하고자, 식염 1.5%, 중합인산염 0.2%, lard 및 대두단백질을 임의의 농도로 혼합한 돼지고기를 사용하여 열전달실험을 행하고 열확산도 추정식을 구하였다. 수분함량 49.01~77.55%, 가열온도 80.76~121.03$^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 열확산도는 동일온도에서는 수분함량의 증가에 따라, 동일 수분함량에서는 가열온도가 높아짐에 따라 커졌으며, 각 온도에서의 실측 열확산도는 다음의 식들로 나타낼 수 있었다. $\alpha$p,(80.76$\pm$0.3$^{\circ}C$) =0.0869.$10^{-6}$ .Xw+0.0720.$10^{-6}$ ,(m$^2$.s$^{-1}$, r=0.9230) $\alpha$p, (98.59$\pm$0.3$^{\circ}C$) =0.0849.$10^{-6}$ .Xw+0.0818.$10^{-6}$ , (m$^2$.s$^{-1}$, r=0.9264) $\alpha$p, (121.03$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$) =0.0909.$10^{-6}$ .Xw+0.0893.$10^{-6}$ , (m$^2$.s$^{-1}$, r=0.9507)이 식들을 종합한, 임의의 온도에서의 열확산도 추정식은 다음과 같았으며 이로부터 구한 열확산도와 실측치의 차이는 실측치를 기준으로 $\pm$1.7% 이내였다. $\alpha$p=(2.1394+0.5.Xw).$\alpha$w+0.0035.$10^{-6}$ .Xw-0.2785.$10^{-6}$ , (m$^2$.s$^{-1}$).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권6호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2007

본 연구는 교토의정서 제 2차 공약기간(2013~2017년) 이후 교섭에 있어서 국가별 탄소배출 흡수 인벤토리에 유력하게 포함될 전망인 HWP 탄소축적 변화량 및 배출량을 평가하기 위하여 우리나라 HWP 생산 수입 수출량에 대한 FAO통계와 국내통계를 적용하여 비교 추정하였다. 그 결과, 2005년 현재 HWP 탄소축적 변화량은 FAO 통계 적용의 경우 축적변화 접근법(SCA)이 1.434 Tg C, 대기유출입 접근법(AFA)이 -1.330 Tg C, 생산 접근법(PA)이 0.597 Tg C, 국내통계 적용은 SCA가 1.246 Tg C, AFA가 -1.520 Tg C, PA가 0.444 Tg C로 추정되었다. HWP으로 부터의 $CO_2$ 배출량 흡수량은 FAO통계 적용의 경우 SCA가 $-5,258Gg\;CO_2$ (흡수), AFA가 $4,877Gg\;CO_2$ (배출), PA가 $-2,189Gg\;CO_2$ (흡수), 국내통계 적용은 SCA가 $-4,569Gg\;CO_2$ (흡수), AFA가 $5,573Gg\;CO_2$ (배출), PA가 $-1,628Gg\;CO_2$ (흡수)로 FAO통계 적용이 국내통계 적용보다 모든 방법별 HWP 탄소축적 변화량 및 배출량 추정에서 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

This investigation is carried out of inqurie into the effects of the accelerator on the setting time and haedness when it is used with plaster products. Plaster($\beta$), dental hard stone($\alpha$), and limproved dental hard stone($M{\alpha}$) are selected as the objects of the investigation, since they are most common materials for dental plaster products. Setting time is gauged by means of Vicket Needle and Gilmore Needle, and hardness is gauged by means of Brinell and Vicket Hardness machines. Samples of each material are made in the standerd water powder ratio and with the accelerator repectively, Every material is tested five times each. The results of the tests are as fallow : 1) In each case the setting time is shortened when the accelerator is used. 2) Of the three materials the hardness of the plaster was lowest A($\beta$) < B($\alpha$) < C($M{\alpha}$)} 3) In each case the hardness of the samples made in the standard water powder ratio were higher than that of the sample made with the accelerator. A1 > A2 ; B1>B2 ; C1>C2 4) Final Conclusion : Higher quality cast is expected when it is made in the standard water powder ratio.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

Enterobacter sakazakii, designated as an unique microbial species in 1980, may cause bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis and infant meningitis. The distribution and the thermostability of E. sakazakii in unprocessed ready-to-eat (RTE) agricultural products of 252 and in 25 powdered infant formulas (PIF) were analyzed. Eighty one, 50, 43, and 47% of brown rice, pumpkin, potato, and carrot samples, respectively, had aerobic plate counts (ARC) in the range of 5 log CFU/g or more. Almost all the other products sampled had APC of approximately 2 log CFU/g. Fifty three, 75, 67, and 68% of banana, pumpkin, soybean, and carrot had Enterobacteriaceae counts approximating 3 log CFU/g. Sixty six percent of the brown rice tested had Enterobacteriaceae counts approximating 5-6 log CFU/g. E. sakazakii was isolated from 3/25(12%), 4/23(17%), 1/24(4%), and 1/27(4%) of PIF, brown rice, laver, and tomato samples, respectively. D-values were 3.52-4.79 min at 60 and $D_{60}-values$ were similar as the isolates reported. Thermal inactivation of four thermovariant E. sakazakii strains during the rehydration of PIF with hot water were investigated. At $50^{\circ}C$, the levels of E. sakazakii decreased one log CFU/g for 4-6 min and thereafter the levels remained stable for 20 min. At $60^{\circ}C$, inactivation by about 2 log CFU/g occurred for 20 min. Therefore, the unprocessed agricultural products might be a source of contamination for PIF when used as an ingredient after drying and pulverization. Rehydration of PIF for infant feeding with a water temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ rather than $50^{\circ}C$, as recommended by the manufacturers, may be helpful in the reduction of potential E. sakazakii risk.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1979

To find out the rheological characteristics of several pharamaceutical semisolid products, experiments were carriedout over the temperature range of 20 to 30 .deg.C . From continuous shear rheograms obtained with a Ferranti-Shirley cone and plate viscometer, loop area, shear rates, ryild values, limiting viscosities and activation energies were calculated. The systems were metastable and their viscosity decreased with time. As the temperature was raised, products studied showed a decrease in viscosity and yield value.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 1985

$N_{9}$-Formylharman, 1-carbomethoxy-$\beta$-carboline and perlolyrine with an unidentified alkaloid ($C_{10}H_{13}NO_{2}$, $M^{+}$ 179.094) have been isolated from the fruits of Lycium chinense Miller (Solanaceae) and characterized on the basis of chemical and physical evidence.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding Angelica gigas Nakai by-products on performance and meat quality of Korean native chicks(KNC). Five hundred forty KNC were placed into 0, 0.2, and 0.4% Angelica gigas supplements with four replications between males and females. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio(FCR), breast meat lipid, fatty acid and protein contents were measured from 17 to 20 weeks old. Egg production, feed intake and FCR were examined from 22 to 29 weeks at four weeks at four weeks intervals. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 15% crude protein and 2,850㎉/kg ME for the growing period, 16.5% and 2,800㎉/kg for the laying period. Experiments were designed in a one way analysis. Weight gain of female chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products increased significantly compared to that of other treatments for the growing period, but was not consistency in male groups. Moisture, protein, fat content were not statistically different among all treatments. Fatty acid composition(C16:0, C18:0) of chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products was higher than other treatments. In laying period, hens fed 0.2 or 0.4% Angelica gigas Nakai by-products seemed to increase the egg production and significantly improved FCR compared to that of control(P〈0.05). Birds fed 0.4% treatment showed significantly the lowest feed intake and FCR of all treatments(P〈0.05). The results of these studies indicated that dietary supplemental Angelica gigas by-products may have a role to improve the performance of KNC.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2015

This study determined the thermal resistance of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in multi-grain soymilk and proposes processing conditions that meet the national standard for retort food products in Korea. D and z values were calculated from thermal inactivation kinetic curves after heating at 55, 60, and $65^{\circ}C$. The D value for B. cereus at $55^{\circ}C$ was the highest (22.8 min), followed by that for E. coli O157:H7 (18.8 min) and L. monocytogenes (17.6 min). At $60-65^{\circ}C$, the order was L. monocytogenes ($D_{60-65^{\circ}C}=3.4-0.9min$), E. coli O157:H7 (3.0-0.3 min), and B. cereus (1.2-0.3 min). The z values for these species were 5.2, 5.5, and $7.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The Korean national standard for retort food products was achieved by thermal processing at $124{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 0.3-2.2 min. This study provides useful data for ensuring both the microbiological safety and product quality of multi-grain soymilk products.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.2002-2010
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• 2009

본 연구는 가스크로마토그라피 질량분석기(GC-MS)를 이용하여 황벽의 주 염료성분인 berberine의 퇴화 거동을 조사하는데 목적을 두며 궁극적으로는 심하게 퇴색된 출토직물의 염료성분을 판정하기 위해 각 천연염료별 퇴화물 자료를 수집하고자 한다. Berberine chloride 0.1% 수용액을 $100^{\circ}C$ 오븐법과 $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$법을 이용해 최고 408시간까지 퇴화시키고 GC-MS를 이용해 시료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 오븐 퇴화에 의해 dihydroberberine, 2-pteridinamine, 6,7-dimethyl-N-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, and 8-methoxy-11-[3-methylbutyl]-11H-indolo[3,2-c]-quinoline, 5-oxide의 3개 화합물이 주로 검출되었으며 이들은 berberine 염료의 초기 퇴화 과정에서 나타나는 화합물로 판정되었다. 반면 $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$법으로 퇴화시킨 시료에서는 isobenzofuran-1,3-dione,4,5-dimethoxy-, 9H-fluorene,3,6-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5(6H)-one,7,8-dihydro-, and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole의 4개 화합물이 퇴화 시작과 더불어 새로 생산되었는데 이들은 berberine 염료가 극심한 퇴화 조건에 놓이게 될 때 검출될 수 있는 화합물로 판정되었다. $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$법은 매우 강한 산화작용으로 염료를 퇴화시키는 방법임을 감안할 때 $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$법으로 생성된 화합물은 심하게 퇴색된 출토직물 중 berberine 염료가 사용된 직물을 확인하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2014

Increases of public attention on healthy environment lead to the regulation of indoor air quality such as Clean Healthy House Construction Standard. This standard covers emission of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) (e.g., formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene), ventilation, and use of environmentally-friendly products or functional products. Moisture absorption and desorption abilities are a recommended functionality for improving indoor air quality. In this study, moisture absorption and desorption capacities of carbonized board from wood-based panels and other materials were determined by using UNT-HEAT-01 according to ISO 24358:2008. Pine had higher moisture absorption and desorption capacities ($49.0g/m^2$ and $35.3g/m^2$, respectively) than hinoki cypress, cement board, gypsum board, oriented strand board, and medium density fiberboard (MDF). The moisture absorption and desorption capacities differed considerably according to the wood species. After carbonization process at $400^{\circ}C$, the absorption and desorption ability of MDF increased to 38% and 60%, respectively. However, moisture absorption and desorption capacities decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, but they were still higher than original MDF. Therefore, it is suggested that carbonization below $600^{\circ}C$ can improve moisture absorption/desorption capacities.