• 제목/요약/키워드: C.albicans

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Isolation and Identification of Candida dubliniensis and Distribution of Candida spp. from Oral Cavity of Healthy People

  • Kim, Su Jung
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.144-148
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    • 2013
  • Candida spp. are yeast form fungi, which cause an opportunistic infections in a immune suppressed patients however it is a normal flora of the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, and the urogenital system of healthy person. It is investigated that the distribution of Candida spp. cause an oral disease from oral cavity of healthy people and also identified Candia dubliniensis. Distribution and identification of the yeast form fungi in oral cavities of healthy people was investigated by an automatic identifier, VITEK2 system. We found 21 strains of Candida albicans, 3 strains of Candida famata, one strain of Candida tropicalis, Candida haemulonii, Candida krusei, and Candida dubliniensis. In addition, one strain of Cryptococcus spp., Saccharomyces spp., and two unknown strains were isolated. Candida dubliniensis which forms a mass by more than 2 chlamydospores was isolated from a healthy person for the first time. Candida dubliniensis was not grown at $42^{\circ}C$ whereas Candida albicans was grown well. It is known that Candida dubliniencis was isolated in AIDS while it is found in healthy people from this study, which will be helpful to investigate the distribution of Candida spp.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of Cassia auriculata

  • Nur, I Elysha;Somchit, MN;Reezal, I;Zuraini, A;Mutalib, AR
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.57-61
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    • 2005
  • Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata were tested in vitro against fungi (Candida albicans and Microsporum canis) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). M. canis showed dose-dependent susceptibility only towards ethanol leaf and bark extracts. C. albicans, were resistant to all types of plant extracts. Results were statistically smaller to antifungal drug ketoconazole and miconazole at equivalent concentration. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata leaves and barks exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus and only the ethanol extracts of leaf and bark were detected against Bacillus subtilis. The results were compared to antibacterial drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin. The antibacterial activity was statistically similar to penicillin G. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this plant has antimicrobial activity, which is as potent as standard antimicrobial drugs.

Immunoadjuvant Effect of Platycodin D from Platycodon grandiflorum (Platycodin D 길경성분의 면역보조효과)

  • Han, Yongmoon
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2015
  • In vaccine development, the major points may be induction of effective and increased levels of antibody production. This is especially the case when the antigenic sources are carbohydrates. For many years, thus, we have researched various types of formulations such as liposomal and conjugate vaccines. However, the fastidious formulation process and high costs are a problem. For this reason, there is currently a focus on utilizing immunoadjuvants. In this present study, we tested if platycodin D (PLD) from Platycodon Radix have immunoadjuvant activity against the cell wall of Candida albicans (CACW). The resulting data showed that in the murine model of antibody production, CACW combined with PLD [CACW/PLD/IFA] increased the production of antibodies specific to C. albicans when compared to the antibody production by [CACW/IFA]-induction, which was used as a negative control (P<0.05). In the case of [CACW/PLD/IFA], the antibody production was 1.4 times as that of the CFA. In addition, formulations containing either had a prolonged antibody inducing activity maintaining the initial titers of antibody as compared to the CFA formula. Cytokine profiling with the antisera displayed that the PLD produced both Th1 and Th2 immunoresponses, but Th1 dominant was much greater (P<0.05). Furthermore, [CACW/PLD/IFA] formula enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis, whereas the CFA had no such effect. In conclusion, PLD has an immunologic activity, which is protective against the disease. Thus, PLD can be a goof candidate for a new immunoadjuvant in development of the fungal vaccine.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Zostera marina L. Extract

  • Choi, Han-Gil;Lee, Ji-Hee;Park, Hyang-Ha;Sayegh, Fotoon A.Q.
    • ALGAE
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 2009
  • Methanol crude extract of the sea grass Zostera marina L. and organic solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were screened for antioxidant activity (total phenolic contents, DPPH scavenging activity, and reducing power) and antimicrobial activity against three human skin pathogens, two bacteria and a yeast; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. Total phenolic contents and 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction with 968.50 $\mu$g gallic acid equivalent per milligram of extract, and ca. 95% scavenging activity on the DPPH radicals at 10 mg $ml^{-1}$. In antimicrobial activity tests, MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of each Zostera marina extract partitioned ranged from 1mg to 8 mg $ml^{-1}$ (extract/ 10% DMSO) against all three human skin pathogens. The MICs of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were the same with 1 mg $ml^{-1}$ against S. aureus and C. albicans. The ethyl acetate fraction of Z. marina does protect against free radicals and may be used to inhibit the growth of human skin pathogens.

Antimicrobial Activity of Resveratrol Oligomers and Flavonoids from the Stems of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat and the Seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (머루 줄기와 자소자로부터 분리한 Resveratrol 올리고머와 Flavonoid의 항균효과)

  • Son, Rak-Ho;Chin, Hwi-Seung;Ham, Ah-Rom;Mar, Woong-Chon;Nam, Kung-Woo
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 2010
  • We studied the antimicrobial activities of five compounds isolated from the stems of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat and the seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. Based on spectroscopic evidence, compounds 1 to 5 were characterized as resveratrol, $\varepsilon$-viniferin, ampelopsin E, apigenin, and luteolin, respectively. The antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and -negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and a fungus (Candida albicans) were investigated using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. C. albicans was not inhibited by the five compounds. Compounds 2 and 5 had significant anti-microbial activity against S. aureus, and the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of compound 2 against S. aureus was 7.2 ${\mu}M$. Compounds 4 and 5 significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 2 and 5 was 0.07 and 2.0 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 had strong anti-microbial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Effect of Ochnaflavone as An Immunoadjuvant (Ochnaflavone의 면역보조제 효과)

  • Park, Minjoo;Rhew, Ki Yon;Han, Yongmoon
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.366-371
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    • 2012
  • In this present study, we determined whether or not there is an immunoadjuvant effect of ochnaflavone, a biflavone isolated from Lonicera japonica. As an antigenic source, the cell wall (CACW) of Candida albicans, a fungal pathogen, was used. CACW consists of 95% carbohydrate (mannan). In the experiments, BALB/c mice were immunized with emersion forms of CACW combined with or without ochnaflavone (Och) in the presence of IFA containing mineral oil or CACW alone. Then, the amounts of antisera collected from these mice groups were measured by the ELISA method. Data from these experiments showed that CACW combined with Och (CACW/Och/IFA) provoked the production of antisera app. 2.2 or 5 times more than the corresponding CACW/IFA or CACW alone (CACW/DPBS), respectively, in mice (P<0.05). We further examined the immune response type induced by Och. Analysis of the values of the IgG1/IgG2a ratios obtained from IgG isotyping revealed that Och induced Th2-immunity more dominantly than Th1. This finding was confirmed by cytokine profile. CACW/Och/IFA formulation induced IL-4 (Th2-type cytokine) more than IFN${\gamma}$ (Th1-type cytokine) as compared with CACW/IFA and CACW/DPBS formulations (P<0.05). All data combined, Och appears to have an immunoadjuvant activity that may convert Th1 immunity into Th2 immunity.

Physical Properties, Antimicrobial Efficacy, and Biocompatibility of Denture Base Resins Coated with Natural Peony Extract

  • Myung-Jin Lee;Yu-Ri Choi;Min-Kyung Kang
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2023
  • When exposed to different types of bacteria in the oral cavity, denture based resins are prone to bacteria attachment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical, biological, and antimicrobial properties of denture base resins coated with Peony extract (200, 400, and 600 ㎍/mL). Specifically, the surface properties (microhardness, contact angle, and color change of the coated specimens), cell cytotoxicity (measured using MTT assay), and antimicrobial activity (against S. mutans (Streptococcus mutans) and C. albicans (Candida albicans) using a growth inhibition assay) were evaluated. The polyphenol content was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry. The experimental groups (specimens coated with Peony extract) and a control group (specimens coated without Peony extract) were statistically compared using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests. No statistically significant differences in surface properties or cell cytotoxicity were observed, which demonstrated their biocompatibility. Conversely, a statistically significant difference in antimicrobial activity was observed between the experimental and control groups after 48 h. This confirms the antimicrobial activity of the denture base resin coated with Peony extract and demonstrates that it is a promising dental material for preventing stomatitis.

Frequency of Candida Strains Isolated from Candidiasis Patients at A Tertiary Hospital over the Last 10 Years (최근 10년 동안 일개 상급종합병원의 칸디다혈증 환자에서 분리된 칸디다 균종의 빈도)

  • Hwang, Yu-Yean;Kang, On-Kyun;Park, Chang-Eun;Hong, Sung-No;Kim, Young-Kwon;Huh, Hee-Jae;Lee, Nam-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.110-118
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    • 2022
  • Candidemia is a major cause of nosocomial infections resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It remains a serious risk in inpatients and increases medical treatment costs. From 2009 to 2018, Candida strains (3,533) isolated from blood culture tests at the S Hospital were analyzed according to the period, year, sex, age, ward, etc. During the entire period, 54,739 of 717,996 blood culture tests showed a positive rate (7.6%) and the Candida isolation rate was 3,533 (6.4%) out of 1,036 patients. Among the Candida isolates, C. albicans was most common (33.8%), followed by C. tropicalis (28.6%), C. glabrata (19.8%), C. parapsilosis (7.8%), and C. krusei (4.0%). In early (2009~2013)/late (2014~2018) isolation, C. tropicalis decreased by 3.8% and C. glabrata increased by 3.4%. After 50 years of age, the higher the separation frequency. C. parapsilosis (31.3%) in 1~10s, C. tropicalis (30.3%) and C. glabrata (27.6%) in 41~50s, and C. tropicalis (28.6%) in 80s are relatively frequent. has been separated C. krusei was isolated in a relatively high proportion from females (60.9%). Therefore, a systematic and continuous nosocomial infection control system should be established for appropriate treatment as per antifungal treatment guidelines. The system should continuously monitor the distribution of Candida species and provide rapid identification results.

Pharmacological Screening of Sesbania grandiflora L. Poiret Extracts

  • Subramanian, E. Harihara;Varghese, Shyju;Rameshkumar, N.;Ilavarasan, R.;Sridhar, S.K.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.154-157
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    • 2003
  • In the present study, the roots of Sesbania grandiflora L. Poiret (Papilionaceae) were successively extracted with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CE), methanol (ME) and water (AE) by soxhlet extraction. The extracts were vacuum dried and screened for analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumonia) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) activity. All the extracts exhibited potent, dose dependant (40 and 80 mg/kg) and significant analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity in the order of AE>PE>CE>ME and ME>PE>AE>CE respectively. AE at the experimental dose was found to exhibit more potent analgesic activity than standard drug. All the extracts exhibited significant antibacterial $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and antifungal activity $(50\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$. ME exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity.

Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolines of Medicinal Interest

  • Gol, Ravindra M.;Khokhani, Kamlesh M.;Khatri, Taslimahemad T.;Bhatt, Jyotindra J.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2014
  • Different pyrazoline derivatives (6a-h and 7a-h) were synthesized by cyclization of substituted chalcones with hydrazine hydrate in acidic as well as basic conditions. Both the reactions were performed under conventional heating and microwave irradiation and percentage yields were compared. All the reactions were accelerated in acidic and basic conditions under microwave irradiation, with higher yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their spectral study (IR, MS, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR) and were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compounds 6g and 7g exhibited significant activity against S. aureu, 7g against E. faecalis, 6b and 7b against E. coli and 6b, 6c, 7b, 7c against S. typhi. The compounds 6d and 7d exhibited significant activity against C. albicans and 6c against M. luteus. Rest of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to poor activity against tested species with compared to standard.