• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2003

The present study was aimed at investigating the regulatory mechanism in tissue-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene. The expression of IGF-I gene was determined by a solution hybridization/RNase protection assay using total RNA prepared from rat liver or brain of various ages. The levels of IGF-I transcripts were increased in liver gradually after birth, but decreased in brain. By using an oligonucleotide (FRE) corresponding to the C/EBP binding site of the rat IGF-I exon 1, multiple forms of C/EBP${\alpha}$ and C/EBP${\beta}$ proteins, which have DNA-binding activity, were detected in the rat liver or brain. Western immunoblot and southwestern analyses show that p42$\^$C/EBP${\alpha}$/, p38$\^$C/EBP${\alpha}$/, p35$\^$C/EBP${\alpha}$/, p38$\^$C/EBP${\beta}$/, and p35$\^$C/EBP${\beta}$ form specific complexes with the IGF-I exon 1 oligonucleotide in liver nuclear extract and that p42$\^$C/EBP${\alpha}$/ and p38$\^$C/EBP${\beta}$/ form complexes in brain. These data suggest that the formation of FRE-C/EBP isoform complexes may play important roles in the tissue-specific regulation of IGF-I gene expression.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.1155-1159
• /
• 1999

Thin film solar cells on a glass/$SnO_2$ substrate with p-SiC/i-Si/n-Si heterojunction structures were fabricated using a plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition system. The photovoltaic properties of the solar cells were examined with varying the gas phase composition, x=$CH_4/\;(SiH_4+CH_4)$, during the deposition of the p-SiC layer. In the range of x=0~0.4, the efficiency of solar cell increased because of the increased band gap of the p-SiC window layer. Further increase in the gas phase composition, however, led to a decrease in the cell efficiency probably due to in the increased composition mismatch at the p-SiC/i-Si layers. As a result, the efficiency of a glass/$SnO_2$/p-SiC/i-SiC/i-Si/n-Si/Ag thin film solar cell with $1cm^2$ area was 8.6% ($V_{oc}$=0.85V, $J_{sc}$=16.42mA/$cm^2$, FF=0.615) under 100mW/$cm^2$ light intensity.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2016

This paper proposes a balance-swap method for the dynamic economic load dispatch problem. Based on the premise that all generators shall be operated at valve-points, the proposed algorithm initially sets the maximum generation power at $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i^{max}$. As for generator i with $_{max}c_i$, which is the maximum operating cost $c_i=\frac{F(P_i)-F(P_{iv_k})}{(P_i-P_{iv_k})}$ produced when the generation power of each generator is reduced to the valve-point $v_k$, the algorithm reduces i's generation power down to $P_{iv_k}$, the valve-point operating cost. When ${\Sigma}P_i-P_d$ > 0, it reduces the generation power of a generator with $_{max}c_i$ of $c_i=F(P_i)-F(P_i-1)$ to $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i-1$ so as to restore the equilibrium ${\Sigma}P_i=P_d$. The algorithm subsequently optimizes by employing an adult-step method in which power in the range of $_{min}\{_{max}(P_i-P_i^{min}),\;_{max}(P_i^{max}-P_i)\}$>${\alpha}{\geq}10$ is reduced by 10; a baby step method in which power in the range of 10>${\alpha}{\geq}1$ is reduced by 1; and a swap method for $_{max}[F(P_i)-F(P_i-{\alpha})]$>$_{min}[F(P_j+{\alpha})-F(P_j)]$, $i{\neq}j$ of $P_i=P_i{\pm}{\alpha}$, in which power is swapped to $P_i=P_i-{\alpha}$, $P_j=P_j+{\alpha}$. It finally executes minute swap process for ${\alpha}=\text{0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001}$. When applied to various experimental cases of the dynamic economic load dispatch problems, the proposed algorithm has proved to maximize economic benefits by significantly reducing the optimal operating cost of the extant Heuristic algorithm.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2003

In the intestinal mucosa, mast cells are thought to be responsible for the expulsion of parasites. We investigated the relationship of worm expulsion and mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. In addition, we examined whether the worm recovery rate was associated with the strain of mice, and whether a toluidine stain and immunohistochemistry using the c-kit antibody was effective in the detection of mast cells. In order to investigate the mucosal immune response of C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice, each mouse was infected orally with 30 E. hortense metacercariae. Then, the number of mucosal mast cells and worm recovery rates was observed in experimentally infected mouse strains between 1 week and 8 weeks post infection (PI). Mucosal mast cells were increased in 3 weeks P.I. in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice. On the other hand, only mucosal goblet cells and worm recovery rates correlated in C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0482). Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were 65.7$\pm$5.6, 53.3$\pm$5.4 and 6.7$\pm$0.6 in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and strongly decreased in week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in BALB/c mice were 23.0$\pm$2.5, 10.0$\pm$1.0, and 6.7$\pm$0.6% in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and gradually decreased from week 1 P.I. to week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were significantly higher than in BALB/c mice (P<0.00l). The number of mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice using the anti-c-kit antibody reached to a peak in week 3 P.I. and recovered as normal level in week 5 P.I. and 6 P.I. The number in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0015) was higher than in E. hortense-infected BALB/c mice (P=0.01) compared with the control group. There were significant differences in the number of mast cells among regions of the intestine in in C3H/HeN mice (P<0.05) but not in BALB/c mice (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was significant method as an examination of the number of mast cells (P=0.0002). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that mast cells play an important role in worm recovery, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was superior to toluidine stain as an examination of mast cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2005

Background : Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a specific marker of myocardial injury. It is known that a higher level of cTnI is associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. An elevation in cTnI is also observed in various noncardiac critical illnesses. This study evaluated whether cTnI is useful for predicting the prognosis in noncardiac critically ill patients. Methods : From June 2003 to July 2004 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, we enrolled 215 patients (male:142, female:73, mean age:$63{\pm}15$ years ) who were admitted for critical illness other than acute coronary syndrome at the medical intensive care unit(ICU). The severity score of critical illness (SAPS II and SOFA) was determined and serum cTnI level was measured within 24 hours after admission to the ICU. The mortality rate was compared between the cTnI-positive (${\geq}0.1{\mu}g/L$) and cTnI-negative ($cTnI<0.1{\mu}g/L$) patients at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU. The mean cTnI value was compared between the survivors and non-survivors at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU in the cTnI-positive patients. The correlation between cTnI and the severity of the critical illness score (SAPS II and SOFA) was also analyzed in cTnI-positive patients. Results : 1) The number of cTnI-negative and positive patients were 95(44%) and 120(56%), respectively. 2) The mortality rate at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU was significantly higher in the cTnI-positive patients (29%, 41%) than in the cTnI-negative patients (12%, 21%)(p<0.01). 3) In the cTnI-positive patients, the mean value of the cTnI at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU was significantly higher in the non-survivors ($4.5{\pm}9.2{\mu}g/L$, $3.5{\pm}7.9{\mu}g/L$) than in the survivors($1.8{\pm}3.6{\mu}g/L$, $2.0{\pm}3.9{\mu}g/L$) (p < 0.05). 4) In the cTnI-positive patients, the cTnI level was significantly correlated with the SAPS II score (r=0.24, p<0.001) and SOFA score (r=0.30, p<0.001). Conclusion : The cTnI may be a useful prognostic marker in noncardiac critically ill patients.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.31-31
• /
• 2009

PECVD를 이용하여 제조된 미세결정질 p-i-n 실리콘 박막 태양전지에서, p 층은 태양전지의 윈도우 역할 및 그 위에 증착될 i ${\mu}c-Si:H$ 층의 'seed'층 역할을 수행하기 때문에, p층의 구조적 및 전기적, 광학적 특성은 태양전지의 전체 성능에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 $SiH_4$ 농도를 변화시켜 각기 다른 결정 특성을 갖는 p ${\mu}c-Si:H$층을 제조하고 그 위에 i ${\mu}c-Si:H$ 층을 증착하여 p층의 결정 특성변화와 그에 따른 i ${\mu}c-Si:H$ 층 및 'superstrate' p-i-n 미세결정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지의 특성 변화를 조사하였다. P층의 경우, $SiH_4$ 농도가 증가함에 따라 결정분율 (Xc)이 감소하여 비정질화되었으며 그에 따라 dark conductivity가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 각기 다른 결정분율을 가지는 p 'seed' 층 위에 증착된 태양전지는, p 'seed' 층의 결정분율이 증가함에 따라 개방전압, 곡선인자, 변환효율이 경향적으로 감소하였다. 이는 p 층 결정분율 변화에 따른 p/i 계면특성 저하 및 그 위에 증착되는 i ${\mu}c-Si:H$ 층의 결함밀도 증가 등에 따른 태양전지 특성 감소 때문인 것으로 판단되며, 이를 분석하기 위하여 i ${\mu}c-Si:H$ 층의 전기적, 구조적 특성 분석 및 태양전지의 dark I-V 특성 등을 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.128.2-128.2
• /
• 2011

스테인레스 스틸 유연기판 위에 플라즈마 화학기상 증착법 (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition)을 이용하여 nip 구조의 미세결정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지 (microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell)를 제조하고 i ${\mu}c$-Si:H광 흡수층과 p ${\mu}c$-Si:H 사이에 i a-Si:H 버퍼 층을 삽입하여 i/p 계면특성을 개선하고 이에 따른 태양전지 성능특성 변화를 조사하였다. ${\mu}c$-Si:H 박막으로 이루어진 i/p 계면에서의 구조적, 전기적 결함은 태양전지 내에서 생성된 캐리어의 재결합과 shunt resistance 감소를 초래하여 개방전압 (open circuit voltage) 및 곡선 인자 (fill factor)를 감소시키는 것으로 알려졌다. 제조된 미세결정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지는 SUS/Ag/ZnO:Al/n ${\mu}c$-Si:H/i ${\mu}c$-Si:H/p ${\mu}c$-Si:H 구조로 제작되었으며 i/p 계면 사이의 i a-Si;H 버퍼층 두께를 변화시키고 이에 따른 태양전지의 특성을 조사하였다. 태양전지의 구조적, 전기적 특성 변화는 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-visible-nIR spectrometry, Photo IV와 Dark IV를 통하여 조사하였다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.467-485
• /
• 2005

Let p and q be odd primes with p=2q+1. We study the number of solutions of congruence equations $ax^i\;+\;by^j\;{\equiv}\;c$ (mod p) and a$ax^i\;+\;by^j\;+\;dz^t\;{\equiv}\;c(modp)$

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 1983

The extracellular inulase produced by Aspergillus sp. C-58 was isolated by pH and charcoal treatment, precipitation with ammonium sulfate from the crude extract, and separated into 3 fractions (P-I, II, III) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in the ratio of 31.1:1.7:1 with respect to the activity. The ratio of inulase activity to sucrase activity of P-I, P-II and P-III fraction was 0.23, 0.24 and 1.1 respectively. The enzyme P-I fraction was purified 482 fold with a 22.8% yield by DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-100 (1st and 2nd) column chromatography, and appeared homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 1991

Inserting the $cI_{857}$ structural gene in the downstream of the tac promoter for the overproduction of $cI_{857}$ repressor protein was studied. DNA fragment containing $cI_{857}$ ; repressor gene was amplified by using plasmid pUC12, and partially digested with HphI. Only the $cI_{857}$ structural gene isolated was inserted in the downstream of the tac promoter. Plasmid pDR540- $cI_{857}$ having the tuc promoter-$cI_{857}$ structural gene insert could be isolated by the immunity of cells resistant at $30^{\circ}C$ and cell lysis at $42^{\circ}C$ to $\lambda$ phage $cI_{90}$. The amount of $cI_{857}$ repressor as 17% of total cellular protein were produced by using general E. coli as well as $lacI^q$ JM103 having this plasmid.