• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1989

준임상형 유방염 이환 젖소의 유즙과 유두컵으로부터 분리된 Candida속 균의 8종 항진균성약제에 대한 감수성을 조사하였던 결과는 다음과 같다. 총 53주의 Candida속균 중 98.2%, 94.4%, 84.8%의 균주가 각각 clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole의 농도 $25{\mu}g/ml$이하에서 발육이 억제됨으로서, 이들 약제의 항균력이 타 약제에 비하여 우수하였다. 균종별로 보면 C albicans는 clotrimazole에 대한 감수성이 가장 높았으며, 기타 비교적 감수성이 높았던 약제는 5-fluorocytosine, econazole, miconazole의 순이었다. C pseudotropicalis와 C guilliermondii는 haloprogin, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, 5-fluorocytosine등에 높은 감수성을 나타내었으며, haloprogin의 평균 MIC가 $0.17{\sim}0.19{\mu}g/ml$로 가장 우수하였다. C krusei는 cycloheximide에 대한 감수성이 가장 높았으며, 그의 비교적 감수성이 높았던 약제는 clotrimazole, haloprogin, miconazole, econazole의 순이었다. 한편 C parapsilosis는 econazole, cycloheximide, clotrimazole등에 다소 감수성을 나타내었으나, 이들 약제의 MIC는 econazole(기하평균 MIC $7.26{\mu}g/ml$)을 제외하고는 타균종에서 보다 현저히 낮았다. 또한 C tropicalis는 전 공시약제에 대하여 감수성이 낮은 경향이었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1972

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge로 부터 항효모성물질(抗酵母性物質) Yeaststatic substance인 일종(一種)의 peptide (Astradix-P)를 얻었으며 이 물질(物質)의 특성(特性)은 다음과 같다. 1) 이 물질(物質)은 일종(一種)의 peptide이며 그 PI는 8.2로 나타났다. 2) 이 물질(物質)은 효모(酵母)의 증식(增殖)을 조해(阻害)하며 이 조해(阻害)는 정균효과(靜菌效果)에 기인(起因)한다. 3) 본(本) 물질(物質)은 열안정성(熱安定性)이 매우 커서 $100^{\circ}C$에서 10시간(時間), 혹은 $121^{\circ}C$에서 30분간(分間) 가열(加熱)하여도 거의 실활(失活)하지 않는다. 4) pH에 대(對)해서도 안정(安定)하며 $pH2{\sim}pH10$까지는 별(別) 영향(影響)이 없다. 5) 본(本) 물질(物質)의 작용(作用)에 있어서 glucose, sucrose, maltose등의 당류(糖類)는 그 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 전연(全然) 영향(影響)을 미치지 아니한다. 6) 본(本) 물질(物質)의 작용(作用)에 있어서 Mg, Ca, $PO_4$ 등 염류(鹽類)도 전연(全然) 영향(影響)을 미치지 않는다. 7) 본(本) 물질(物質)은 효모류(酵母類)의 생육(生育)을 억제(抑制)하며 그 유효농도(有效濃度)는 ${\mu}g/ml$의 범위(範圍)에 있으며 예(例)로서, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, S. cerevisiae 등 균주(菌株)의 $G.I.\;_{50}$는 $4{\mu}g/ml$이며, S. coreanus, S. sake는 13, $18\;{\mu}g/ml$이며, Candida pulcherrima는 $3\;{\mu}g/ml$, C. tropicalis는 $38{\mu}g/ml$로 나타났다. 8) 본(本) 물질(物質)은 효모(酵母)의 alcohol 발효(醱酵)에 대(對)해서 전연(全然) 영향(影響)을 미치지 않는다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2024

본 연구는 항진균성 천연물 의약품을 개발하기 위한 생물자원의 연구로서 미나리아재비과에 속한 여러 한약재의 항진균활성을 새롭게 검증하고 비교하는 것을 목표로 한다. 한약재에서 진균류 생장을 저해하는 물질을 효과적으로 추출하는 방법을 찾고 추출물들에 포함된 항진균성 유용 물질을 탐색하였다. 위령선, 황련, 백두옹 한약재의 열수 추출 및 유기용매 추출을 진행하여 액체배지에서 항진균활성을 측정하였을 때 클로로포름 분획물에서 효과적인 결과를 얻었다. 또한 단세포성 진균인 Candida albicans, Candida tropi- calis, Candida lusitaniae 그리고 사상성 곰팡이인 Pythium ultimum KACC 40705, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum을 대상으로 고체배지에서 disc diffusion 실험으로 진균 성장 저해 실험을 수행하였다. 백두옹 추출물은 Candida spp.에 대해서, 위령선은 사상성 곰팡에 대해서 우수한 항진균활성을 가지고 있다는 것으로 확인했다. 마지막으로 추출물에 존재하는 항진균성 유용물질을 탐색하기 위해 GC-MS 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 결과 미나리아재비과의 한약재에서 항진균활성을 확인할 수 있었으며 위령선에서 thur- berogenone, 황련에서 16-HCDO를 항진균성 후보물질로서 확인하였다. 결론적으로 백두옹, 위령선 및 황련은 다양한 진균류에 대하여 항진균활성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였으며, GC-MS 분석에서 세 한약재 모두 서로 다른 항진균성 후보물질을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 미나리아재비과 생물자원이 진균류 저항성에 대해 여러 방향으로 진화되었음을 나타낸다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

Embryonic lethal abnormal visual (elav) is a lethal gene in Drosophila inducing the abnormal development and function of nervous system. We cloned a Bm-elav gene by bioinformatics and biological experiment, based on sequence of ELAV protein and dbEST of Bombyx mori. The full-length of Bm-elav cDNA is 1498 bp, contains a 906 bp open read frame (ORF) encoding a precursor of 301 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 34 kDa and pI of 8.99. Bm-ELAV protein precursor contains three RNA recognition motifs (RRM) in $24{\sim}91$, $110{\sim}177$ and $222{\sim}295$ bit amino acid residues respectively, and belongs to RNA-binding protein family. Bm-ELAV shared varying positives, ranging from 56% to 60% (Identities from 41% to 45%), with RRM from other species of Xenopus tropicalis, Apis mellifera, Tribolium castaneum, Branchiostoma belcheri and Drosophila. Gene localization indicated that Bm-elav is a single-copy gene, gene mapping within 12-chromosome from 7916.68 knt to 7918.16 knt region of nscaf2993. Spatiotemporal expressions pattern analysis revealed that Bm-elav expressed higher in most tested tissues and developmental stages in whole generation, such as silk gland, fat body, midgut, hemopoietic organ and ovary, but almost no expression in terminated diapause eggs. This suggested that the expression of Bm-elav in early developmental embryonic stages might induce abnormal development like in Drosophila. Cloning of the Bm-elav gene enables us to test its potential role in controlling pests by transferring the gene into field lepidopteran insects in the future.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2017

Asymmetric PCR preferentially amplifies one DNA strand for use in DNA hybridization studies. Linear-After-The-Exponential-PCR (LATE-PCR) is an advanced asymmetric PCR method which uses innovatively designed primers at different concentrations. This study aimed to optimise LATE-PCR parameters to produce single-stranded DNA of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. for detection via probe hybridisation. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to design limiting primer and excess primer for LATE-PCR. Primer annealing and melting temperature, difference of melting temperature between limiting and excess primer and concentration of primers were optimized. In order to confirm the presence of single-stranded DNA, the LATE-PCR product was hybridised with digoxigenin labeled complementary oligonucleotide probe specific for each fungal genus and detected using anti-digoxigenin antibody by dot blotting. Important parameters that determine the production of single-stranded DNA in a LATE-PCR reaction are difference of melting temperature between the limiting and excess primer of at least $5^{\circ}C$ and primer concentration ratio of excess primer to limiting primer at 20:1. LATE-PCR products of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus terreus at up to 1:100 dilution and after 1 h hybridization time, successfully hybridised to respective oligonucleotide probes with no cross reactivity observed between each fungal genus probe and non-target products. For Aspergillus fumigatus, LATE-PCR products were detected at 1:10 dilution and after overnight hybridisation. These results indicate high detection sensitivity for single-stranded DNA produced by LATE-PCR. In conclusion, this advancement of PCR may be utilised to detect fungal pathogens which can aid the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.642-647
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• 2010

This study examined the antimicrobial activity of Myagropsis yendoi (MY). The antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous MY extracts were measured using a paper disc assay. The MY ethanol extract had the best antimicrobial activity. It inhibited the growth of Candida tropicalis and Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Listeria innocua, L. monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus at 4 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the MY ethanol extract ranged from 0.1 to 0.5%. The MY ethanol extract inhibited the growth of B. subtilis and L. innocuaat concentrations of 0.15% and 0.1%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the MY ethanol extract was not affected by heating at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min or pH 2.10. Therefore, the main substances responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the MY ethanol extract are believed to be stable with changing heat and pH.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2016

Candida spp. is an invasive infectious fungus, a major risk factor that can increase morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. In this study, 2,508 Candida spp. were isolated from various clinical specimens collected from university hospitals from July 2011 to October 2014. They were identified in order to determine isolation frequencies and characteristics by specimen, gender, age group, year, season, and month. The strain-specific isolation rate of Candida spp. is in the order of Candida albicans (1,218 strains, 48.56%), Candida glabrata (416 strains, 16.59%), Candida utilis (305 strains, 12.16%), Candida tropicalis (304 strains, 12.12%), and Candida parapsilosis (116 strains, 4.63%) and these five species accounted for more than 94% of the total strains. Of the specimens, Candida spp. were most frequently isolated from urine-catheter, followed by urinevoided, blood, sputum, other, open pus, vaginal discharge, Tip, ear discharge, bronchial aspiration and bile, in that order. Looking at the age distribution, the detection rate of patients in their 60s and older was significantly higher at 75.8% (1,900/2,508). The detection rate of patients in their 20s and younger was shown to be very low at 2.55% (64/2,508). By year, the detection rate of non-albicans Candida spp. showed a tendency to gradually increase each year compared with C. albicans. As isolation of Candida spp. from clinical samples at the specie level can vary depending on characteristics of the patient, sample, season, etc., continual studies are required.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

Background: Animal skin provides an ideal medium for the propagation of microorganisms and it is used like raw material in the tannery and footware industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the microbial load in oropharyngeal mucosa of tannery employees. Methods: The health risk was estimated based on the identification of microorganisms found in the oropharyngeal mucosa samples. The study was conducted in a tanners group and a control group. Samples were taken from oropharyngeal mucosa and inoculated on plates with selective medium. In the samples, bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and the yeasts through a presumptive method. In addition, the sensitivity of these microorganisms to antibiotics/antifungals was evaluated. Results: The identified bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Neisseriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, of which some species are considered as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms; these bacteria were not present in the control group. Forty-two percent of bacteria identified in the tanners group are correlated with respiratory diseases. Yeasts were also identified, including the following species: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Regarding the sensitivity test of bacteria identified in the tanners group, 90% showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, 87% showed sensitivity to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, 74% showed sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam, and 58% showed sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Conclusion: Several of the bacteria and yeast identified in the oropharyngeal mucosa of tanners have been correlated with infections in humans and have already been reported as airborne microorganisms in this working environment, representing a health risk for workers.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

A new dimer stilbene [Monalittorin (1)] and ten known compounds [engeletin (2), aurantiamide acetate (3), lupeol (4), friedelin (5), quercetin (6), tiliroside (7), rutoside (8), astragalin (9), isoquercitrin (10) and quercimeritroside (11)] have been isolated from the leaves of Monanthotaxis littoralis (Annonaceae). The structures of these compounds were established by interpretation of their data, mainly, HR-TOFESIMS, 1-D NMR (1H and 13C) and 2-D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature. The evaluation of their antimicrobial activities against three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli S2 (1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans ATCC10231, Candida tropicalis PK233 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99) using broth micro dilution method, showed the largest antimicrobial activities of EtOAc fraction and compounds 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11 (MIC = 8 - 64 ㎍/mL). In addition, EtOAc fraction presented synergistic effect with Vancomycin and fluconazole against the tested microorganisms.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

순천대학교 지의류 은행(Lichen Bioresources Center)에서 571종의 지의류 내생 곰팡이를 분양받아 Candida albicans에 대한 항진균 활성을 조사하여 4종을 선정하였다. 선정된 4종의 지의류 내생 곰팡이의 배양액 내에 존재하는 항진균 활성을 알아보기 위해 disc diffusion method 방법을 이용한 결과 Stereocaulon sp. (1429,1430)가 C. albicans에 대한 항진균 활성이 가장 좋았으며, 다음으로는 Graphis sp. (1245), Cryptosporiopsis diversispora (0156) 순으로 활성이 좋게 나타났으며, 이들 지의류 내생곰팡이가 고체배지와 액체배지에서도 항진균 활성 물질을 생성하였다. 고체배지에서와 액체배지에서 공통적으로 활성이 있는 지의류 내생 곰팡이 배양액의 chloroform, ethyl acetate 용매 추출물의 C. albicans의 항진균 활성도를 측정한 결과 4종 모두 chloroform 추출물에서 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae에 대한 항진균 활성은 Stereocaulon sp. (1429, 1430)의 chloroform 추출물에서 모두 98% 이상의 높은 저해율을 보였고 Stereocaulon sp. (1429) 배양액의 chloroform 추출액과 ethyl acetate 추출액을 GC/MS를 이용해 성분을 분석한 결과 hexadecanonic acid-methyl ester, 14-octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, octadecenoic acid-methyl ester가 새로운 항진균 물질일 가능성을 보여주었다.