• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

The aim of this work was to investigate the N-terminal amino acid sequence of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase isolated from Delftia sp. JK-2, which could utilize aniline as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to approximately 35 kDa by SDS-PAGE. N-terminal amino acid sequence of C2,3O from strain JK-2 was $^1MGVMRIGHASLKVMDMDAAVRHYENV^{26}$, and exhibited high sequence similarity with that of C2,3O from Pseudomonas sp., Comamonas sp. JS765, Comamonas test-osteroni, or Burkholderia sp. RP007. Approximately 950-bp C2,3O was obtained through PCR using the primers derived from N-terminal amino acid sequence. Analysis of the DNA sequence revealed that the deduced 296 amino acid sequences were determined, and it showed $100\%$ identity with C2,3O from Pseudomonas sp. AW-2 and $97\%$ similarity with Comamonas sp. JS765.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 2003

Background : Surfactant protein B(SP-B) and surfactant protein C(SP-C) are important in accelerating surface spreading of surfactant phospholipid. The glucocorticoids accelerate the morphologic differentiation of epithelial cells into type II cells and increase the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The hydrophobic surfactant protein has been shown to be upregulated by glucocorticoids in vitro, however, its regulation in vivo is not well established. Methods : The authors investigated the effects of glucocorticoid on the accumulation of mRNA encoding SP-B and SP-C protein content of the lung. Adult rats were given different doses of subcutaneous dexamethasone and sacrificed at 24 hours and 1 week. SP-B and SP-C mRNA were measured by a filter hybridization method. Results : 1) The accumulation of SP-B mRNA at 24 hours after 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone treatment was increased by 23.7%. 2) The accumulation of SP-B mRNA at 1 week after 2 mg/kg dexamethasone treatment was significantly increased by 96.6%(P<0.001). 3) The accumulation of SP-C mRNA at 24 hours after 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone treatment was significantly increased by 42.7%(P<0.01). 4) The accumulation of SP-C mRNA at 1 week after 2 mg/kg dexamethasone treatment was significantly increased by 60.0% (P<0.01). Conclusion : The authors concluded that dexamethasone treatment in vivo resulted in increased levels of SP-B mRNA and SP-C mRNA. These results suggested that dexamethasone stimulates the synthesis of hydrophobic proteins associated with surfactant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 1999

Marine bacteria inhibiting the growth of the diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans were screened from seawater samples collected at south coast of Korea in 1996. Six strains were isolated from those samples. Among them, a bacterium SR-14 strain had the strongest inhibition activity against the alga. The selected SR-14 strain was identified as an Alteromonas sp. (supposed to be Alteromonas colwelliana) according to its biochemical results. Alteromonas sp. SR-14 was able to grow in raw seawater, aged seawater, Conwy medium for culture of microalgae and C. calcitrans culture filtrate. The host ranges of Alteromonas sp. SR-14 were C. calcitrans, C. muclleri and C. negracile among 10 species of diatom. All of the Chaetoceros spp. tested were inhibited by the Alteromonas sp. SR-14, However, the growth of the other genera in Bacillariophyceae was not inhibited.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2011

Today, the weather is changing continually, due to the progress of global warming. As the weather changes, the habitats of different organisms will change as well. It cannot be predicted whether or not the weather will change with each passing day. In particular, the biological distribution of the areas climate change affects constitutes a major factor in determining the natural state of indigenous plants; additionally, plants are constantly exposed to rhizospheric microorganisms, which are bound to be sensitive to these changes. Interest has grown in the relationship between plants and rhizopheric microorganisms. As a result of this interest we elected to research and experiment further. We researched the dominant changes that occur between plants and rhizospheric organisms due to global warming. First, we used temperature as a variable. We employed four different temperatures and four different sites: room temperature ($27^{\circ}C$), $+2^{\circ}C$, $+4^{\circ}C$, and $+6^{\circ}C$. The four different sites we used were populated by the following species: Pinus deniflora, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus acutissima, and Alnus japonica. We counted colonies of these plants and divided them. Then, using 16S rRNA analysis we identified the microorganisms. In conclusion, we identified the following genera, which were as follows: 10 species of Bacillus, 2 Enterobacter species, 4 Pseudomonas species, 1 Arthrobacter species, 1 Chryseobacterium species, and 1 Rhodococcus species. Among these genera, the dominant species in Pinus deniflora was discovered in the same genus, but a different species dominated at $33^{\circ}C$. Additionally, that of Pinus koraiensis changed in both genus and species which changed into the Chryseobacrterium genus from the Bacilus genus at $33^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1997

Pseudomonas sp. P20 and Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 isolated from the polluted environment are capable of degrading biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl (4CB) to produce benzoic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4CBA) respectively, by pcbABCD-encoded enzymes. 4CBA can be further degraded by Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12, but not by Pseudomonas sp P20. However, the meta-cleavage activities of 2, 3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2, 3-DHBP) and 4-chloro-2, 3-DHBP dioxygenases (2, 3-DHBD) encoded by pcbC in Pseudomonas sp. P20 were stronger than Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12. In this study, the pcbC gene encoding 2, 3-DHBD was cloned from the genomic DNA of Pseudomonas sp. P20 by using pKT230. A hybrid plasmid pKK1 was constructed and E. coli KK1 transformant was selected by transforming the pKK1 hybrid plasmid carrying pcbC into E. coli XL1-Blue. By transferring the pKK1 plasmide of E. coli KK1 into Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 by conjugation, a recombinant strain Pseudomonas sp. P20, Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12, and the recombinant cell assay methods. Pseudomonas sp. DJ12-C readily degraded 4CB and 2, 3-DHBP to produce 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2, 4-dienoic acid (HOPDA), and the resulting 4CBA and benzoic acid were continuously catabolized. Pseudomonas sp. DJ12-C degraded 1 mM 4CB completely after incubation for 20 h, but Pseudomonas sp. P20 and Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 showed only 90% and Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 had, but its degradation activity to 2, 3-DHBP, 3-methylcatechol, and catechol was improved.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Four specimens of unknown Coilia sp. were collected for the first time from the Yellow Sea in 2008 and compared with Coilia mystus and Coilia nasus. Coilia sp. showed similar morphology to C. mystus and C. nasus, but differed in that its tail was considerably shorter. We conducted an analysis of the morphological and genetic characteristics in an effort to clarify the taxonomic position of Coilia sp. In counts and measurements, Coilia sp. were well distinguished from C. nasus by the number of scutes (42-44 in Coilia sp. vs. 40-45 in C. mystus vs. 45-55 in C. nasus), ratio of dorsal base length to head length (43.4-47.6 vs. 37.9-47.6 vs. 33.0-41.0), and eye length to head length (19.2-20.8 vs. 17.0-22.4 vs. 13.8-18.2). In caudal skeleton of Coilia sp., urostyle, hypural and epural bones were not observed; instead of them, caudal fin rays were supported by the last vertebra, neural and haemal spines' extension. The molecular phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using 414 base-pair 12S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. The Kimura-2-parameter distance between Coilia sp. and C. mystus was 0.3%, but was 1.3% between Coilia sp. and C. nasus. Both the neighbor-joining tree and maximum-likelihood tree showed that Coilia sp. are closely clustered with C. mystus. Therefore, our results suggest that the Coilia sp. may be a deformed fish of C. mystus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1094-1101
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• 2010

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) were enriched using sediment Nakdong river, Hoidong river and protected water area in Gijang. The microbial community of sediment and enriched MFC was analyzed by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and 16S rDNA sequencing. ${\alpha}$-Proteobacteria, Acidobacter and Cyanobactia group were dominant in sediment by FISH. The coulombs of the final 10 peak of the 3 MFC (Nakdong, Hoidong, Gijang) were 0.64 C, 0.50 C, 0.61 C, respectively. When MFCs were enriched by sediment, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Acidobacter and Firmicutes group increased 45~90%, 50~90%, 40~80% and 45~125%, respectively. In results of 16S rDNA sequencing, Roseomonas sp., Azospillium sp., Frateuria sp., Dyella sp., Enterobacter sp. and Deinocossus were isolated from Nakdong river and Azospillium sp., Delftia sp., Ralstonia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Deinococcus sp. were isolated from protected water area in Gijang and Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Deinococcus sp., Leifsonia sp. and Bacillus sp. were isolated from Hoidong river.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.510-521
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• 2003

Background : The surfactant specific proteins, SP-B and SP-C are believed to be important regulators of the surfactant function and homeostasis. Since acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) is usually viewed as the functional and morphological expression of a similar underlying lung injury caused by a variety of insults, and since abnormalities in the surfactant function have been described in ARDS, the authors investigated the different effects of endotoxin and thiourea on the accumulation of mRNA encoding SP-B and SP-C. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were given 5 mg/kg of an intraperitoneal endotoxin from Salmonella enteritidis and 3.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal thiourea and were sacrificed at different time periods. Results : 1. The SP-B mRNA levels 6 and 24 hours after the 5 mg/kg endotoxin treatment was significantly reduced by 26.1% and 50%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.001). 2. The SP-B mRNA levels 24 hours after the 3.5 mg/kg thiourea treatment was reduced by 9.8% and 12.5%, respectively. 3. The SP-C mRNA levels 6 and 24 hours after the 5 mg/kg endotoxin treatment was significantly reduced by 38.7% and 53.6%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.001). 4. The SP-C mRNA level 6 hours after the 3.5 mg/kg thiourea treatment was reduced by 22.8%(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that the differential regulation of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins in vivo is evident, and suggest that the hydrophobic surfactant proteins might be differentially regulated during lung injury at different time periods without altering the lung wet to dry ratios. The mechanism of these alternations at the different time periods and the different kinds of etiology remain to be determined.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1999

In previous reports, the authors isolated the algicidal marine bacterium, Alteromonas sp. SR-14 and demonstrated its growth inhibition of diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans (C. calcitrans). In this paper, we studied the effects of cell free culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. SR-14 on the growth of C. calcitrans, and the characteristics of the algal growth inhibition substance. The culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. SR-14 grown in peptone broth showed growth inhibition activity against C. calcitrans. The reasonable culture conditions of the bacterium for producing of algal growth inhibition substances were $15~20^{\circ}$ in temperature, 7.0-9.0 in pH and $23~30{\textperthousand}$ in salinity, respectively. The algal growth inhibition activity of culture filtrate was increased from stationary phase in growth curve of Alteromonas sp. SR-14. The molecular weights of algal growth inhibition substances produced by Alteromonas sp. SR-14 were ranged about from 3 KDa to 12 KDa. Among the substances, less than 10 KDa fraction were stable by heating at $100^{\circ}$ for 10 minutes, while more than 10 KDa fraction were heat labile. According to the experimental results, the algal growth inhibition substance produced by the bacterium was not a single compound.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2000

The algicidal effects of marine bacteria were investigated and a strain, which had the strongest algicidal activity against the harmful dinoflagellate, Cochiodinim polykrikoides was selected. The bacterium was isolated in seawater during the period of blooming of C. polykrikoides in Masan Bay. This algicidal bacterium was identified as Micrococcus sp. LG-5 by means of morphological and biochemical tests. The optimal culture conditions of Micrococcus sp, LG-5 were $25^{\circ}C,\;pH 7.0\;and\;3.0{\%}$ NaCl concentration. The algicidal activity of Micrococcus sp. LG-5 was significantly increased to maximum value in the late of logarithmic phase of cell cuture. In addition, the culture filtrate ($pore size,\;0.1{\mu}m$) of Microcoocus sp. LG-5 showed strong algicidal effects. The cell numbers of C. polykikoides were decreased from $1.2{\times}10^4 cells/ml\;to\;less\;than\;2{\times}10^3\;cells/ml$ within 3, 6, 30 hours at the concentrations of culture filtrate $10{\%},\;5{\%}\;and\;1{\%}$, respectively. These results indicated that the algicidal effect was mediated by certain substances released from Microooccus sp. LG-5.