• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

Eighteen strains of Clostpidium perfringens were isolated from the piglets with hemorrhagic enteritis. The characteristics of the outbreaks, clinical signs and lesions were examined. The biochemical properties, type of toxins and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents against the isolates were investigated. 1. The incidence of diarrhea was appeared in 97(22.4%) of 432 piglets examined. 2. The isolation rate of Cl perfingens from the 97 diarrheal faeces were 18.5%(18 strains) 3. The population of Cl perfingens in feces were ranged $10^{8-9}$cfu/g in 5(32.5%) and $10^{3-7}$cfu/g in 13(67.4%) of 18 samples. 4. The toxin type of the 18 isolates investigated by mouse inoculation test was all type C strains of Cl perfringens. 5. As a results of antimicrobial susceptibility test, 18 isolates were higly susceptible to cephalothin, tetracycline and penicillin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2010

A 6-year-old, female, Siberian husky was referred with mucous diarrhea. On fecal examination, numerous clustered and individual large epithelial cells and rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria were examined. By bacterial culture and molecular typing, the bacteria was identified as Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and by toxin analysis of C. perfringens, production of $\alpha$-toxin was confirmed. Based on these results, the dog was diagnosed as enteritis caused by C. perfringens producing $\alpha$-toxin, and was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate. After 1 week, the diarrhea was disappeared and no spore-forming bacteria were examined on fecal examination. This report shows that the rapid and exact diagnosis keeps a effective treatment for enteritis caused by C. perfringens producing $\alpha$-toxin in dogs.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1976

A total of 100 swelled, springered or flippered canned meat and fish products were studied the degree of contamination with clostridias and serological relationships to Hobbs'13 "heat resistant" types, heat resistance of spores and susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolates to several antibiotics. Samples examined in this study were collected from Seoul area from June to October, 1975 and prepared in Korea. Clostridias were isolated from 46(46%) of these samples; 19 strains of Cl. perfringens, 9 strains of Cl. oedematiens A, B, 5 strains of Cl. sordelli, each 3 strains of Cl. chauvoei, Cl, oedematiens C.E, and Cl. difficile, 2 strains of Cl. sporogenes. The highest percentage of contamination by Cl. perfringens was found in beef products(26.5%), and the following(5.2%) in mackerel pike and none in baitop shell. whale, manna brand. and top shell. One of 19 isolates of Clostridium perfringens found in meat products was shown to produce heat resistant spores which resist $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and others were heat labile strains which is killed at $90^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The distribution of Hobbs' serotype of 19 isolates were each 4 strains of type 6, 8, and 11, 1 strain of type 13 and others untypable. 19 Strains of Cl. perfringens were shown a marked susceptibility to cefamezin, lincomycin and minocin and relatively sensitive to vibraimycin, geopen, and chloramphenicol. A marked resistance to kanamycin, colimycin, and gentamycin were shown. Aerobic enteropathogens from samples were not recovered.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate occurrence patterns of Clostridium perfringens on different raising periods in broilers. In different raising periods, we investigated the change in the gross lesion and microscopic histological findings of the mucose of the small intestine, colony forming unit (CFU) and the types C. perfringens with PCR assay. According to the gross lesions on the mucose of small intestine with 10-days-old broilers, the non-antibiotic group showed a higher value (0.6) than the antibiotic group (0.0). Whereas 20-days-old broilers with, the antibiotic treatment had a slightly lower value (1.0) than the non-antibiotic group (1.3). In the histological examination on the villi of the small intestine, there was no damage of the villi of the small intestine with 1-day-old broilers in both groups; however, the non-antibiotic group showed a higher value (0.4) than the antibiotic group (0.0) with 10-days-old broilers. In the non-antibiotic group, the CFU of C. perfringens of the fecal samples from the small intestine increased from 10 days of raising broilers and rapidly increase after 20 and 30 days of raising broilers. There was no detection of C. perfringens types with PCR assy in 1-day-old broilers, but we found C. perfringens type A in 10-, 20- and 30-days-old broilers. Although it is possible to raise healthy broilers by using antibiotics, the addition of antibiotics to concentrate feed is prohibited for public health. The results of this study would contribute to proper feeding management through the careful use of antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 1997

About Clostridium perfringens causing clinically necrotic enteritis or isolated from the intestinal contens of healthy chicken, We examined the usefulness of a rapid identification method by gas-liquid chromatography as well as the types of toxins. For this study, there were used 169 chickens including 116 broilers, 27 layers and 26 breeders which collected from 9 healty flock and 21 diseased flock showing necrotic enteritis. Among them, Cl perfringens was isolated from 30 chickens(17.8%) including 7 breeders(26.9%), 5 layers(18.5%) and 18 broilers(15.5%). Isolation of Cl perfringens was mainly from ceca (100%) and followed by small intestines(70.0%) and livers(16.7%), respectively. Average concentration of the pathogen in intestinal contents was $10^{3.8}CFU/g$ in cases occuring necrotic enteritis and on the contrary $10^{3.8}CFU/g$ in healthy cases. All isolates tested showed the same characterstics in biochemical tests compared to those in standard strain. Analysis of gas-liquid chromatography to volatile fatty acids produced by Cl perfringens in PYG broth showed the typical peaks of acetic and butyric acids compatible with the standard chromogram and was confirmed as a effective and reliable tool for rapid identification of the bacteria. Toxin types of 30 strains were mostly classified in A type(26 isolates) and the rest in C type(2 isolates) and unidentifed type(2 isolates). All the isolates were highly susceptible to amphicillin, amoxicillin and cephalothin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.112-114
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• 2017

Two one-month-old dairy calves which have Eimeria oocysts in their bloody diarrhea died acutely a few days after showing the first clinical signs. At necropsy, hemorrhagic and congestive gastrointestinal organs were observed in both calves, and abomasal ulcerations existed. As a prevalent agent in all of the collected intra-intestinal specimens, Clostridium perfringens was isolated and the strain was identified as type A possessing alpha and beta2-toxins. In these clinical cases, intercurrent infection by C. perfringens type A and Eimeria through contaminated environment may be responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.394-401
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• 2006

Forty Clostridium perfringens isolates were obtained from twelve animal products, following the examination of eighty six beef, pork, broiler chicken and salami meat products, and eleven milk powder products. There were 21 isolates from salami stored at $25^{\circ}C$, 3 isolates from pork, 4 isolates from beef, 9 isolates from broiler chicken, and 3 isolates from milk powder. Only the cpa gene encoding a toxin among the 5 toxin genes tested (cpa, cpb, etx, iap, and cpe) was detected in all forty isolates, suggesting contamination with C. perfringens type A. DNA fingerprinting analysis using PCR of the tRNA intergenic spacer (tDNA-PCR) and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS-PCR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were attempted to differentiate the isolates. RAPD analysis was the most discriminating method among the three PCR analyses. Isolates from the same products tended to show similar RAPD patterns. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that some isolates from broiler chickens had the same antibiogram with multiple resistance to streptomycin, colistin, and ciprofloxacin. Antibiograms were similar between isolates from the same livestock products, but differed considerably between the products.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2005

A 3-year-old male lion at Gwangju Uchi Zoo presented for acute onset of haemorrhagic diarrhea and died. The lion showed reddening of the anus as the cause of haemorrhagic enteritis. Necropsy revealed a severe haemorrhagic colitis. Grossly, lesions included icterus, excess pericardial fluid. dark kidneys, and an enlarged, friable liver. The intestines were flaccid, thin-walled, dilated, and 9as-filled. The spleen was enlarged and pulpy because of congestion. Most of organs were rapidly postmortem autolysis. Histopathologically, the intestines were edema and transient leukocyte infiltration of the lamina propria, followed by necrosis. Especially of the intestinal submucosa was edematous, haemorrhagic, or filled with leukocytes. The crypts remained intact or dilated. C perfringens was isolated from a lion at bloody feces, and identified C perfringens type A, confirming the presence of C perfringens $\alpha-toxin$ by PCR. These results were suggested that the case were diagnosed as enterotoxicosis in the lion. More studies are needed on lion enterotoxemia. especially of its etiopathogenesis, in order to develop more efficient prevention for this disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Novel and specific recognition elements are of central importance in the development of a pathogen detection method. Here, we describe a simple method for identifying the cell-wall binding domain (CBD) from a sequenced bacterial genome employing homology search for phage lysin genes. A putative CBD (CPF369_CBD) was identified from a genome of Clostridium perfringens type strain ATCC 13124, and its function was studied with the CBD-GFP fusion protein recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Fluorescence microscopy showed the specific binding of the fusion protein to C. perfringens cells, which demonstrates the potential of this method for the identification of novel bioprobes for specific detection of pathogenic bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.286-297
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• 2016

Clostridium perfringens is both a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and a major cause of human gastrointestinal disease, and C. perfringens food poisoning ranks among the most common gastrointestinal diseases in developed countries. 120 isolates of C. perfringens were obtained from food-poisoning outbreaks in 2013~2014, Gyeonggi-do. Using PCR, all 120 isolates were identified as C. perfringens type A. Of the tested isolates, 49 isolates carried the cpe gene, 71 isolates carried the cpb2 gene. The outbreak cases of cpb2 and cpe /cpb2 genes were 7 and 7, whereas the outbreak cases of cpe-gene were 2. The epidemiological relationship between C. perfringens isolates has previously been investigated chiefly by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The genetics relatedness of the isolates raged from 53.5-100% and 75 district PFGE type were observed. The PFGE results revealed a wide genetic diversity among the 64 cpb2 carrying isolates (except 7 isolates), while 46 cpe-carrying isolates (except 3 isolates) showed a high genetic similarity. The MLST analysis revealed that 14 cpe isolates (cpe-chromosomal isolates) belong to a distinct cluster that is significantly distant from all the other cpb2 isolates (cpe-plasmid carrying and cpe-negative isolates). The isolates carrying a cpb2 appear to be rarely related, and are more variable than chromosomal cpe isolates. The results suggest that the cpe-positive outbreak isolates showed close genetic relation, whereas the cpb2-positive isolates revealed a wide genetic diversity.