• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.818-824
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• 2014

The nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of diet ingested by goats grazing on an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture were measured across spring (May), summer (July), autumn (October) and winter (March). In each season, 12 Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats (6 wethers and 6 does with an average live weight of $22.2{\pm}1.3$ kg and $19.5{\pm}0.8$ kg, respectively) were used to graze on a 2 hectares size paddock. Diet selection was observed and the plant parts selected by grazing goats and whole plant L. chinensis were sampled simultaneously. The alkane pair $C_{32}:C_{33}$ and $C_{36}$ were used to estimate intake and digestibility, respectively. The results showed that the plant parts selected by goats had higher crude protein (CP) and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than the whole plant, especially in the autumn and winter. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM), CP, ADF, NDF, and metabolizable energy (ME) by goats was highest in summer (p<0.05). The goats ingested more CP, ME, and less ADF in spring than in autumn (p<0.05). The intakes of DM, CP, and ME were lowest in winter (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient intake between wethers and does in each season, except for the ADF and ME intake per metabolic weight ($LW^{0.75}$). The nutrient digestibilities were higher in spring and summer, and decreased significantly during the autumn and winter (p<0.05). Goats, especially wethers, had a relative constant NDF digestibility across seasons, however, the apparent digestibility of CP in both wethers and does, decreased to negative values in winter. The grazing goats experienced relatively sufficient nutrients supply in spring and summer, and a severe deficiency of CP and ME in winter.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Korean Red ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) extracts on antioxidative activities in Sprague-Dawley rats. This study also evaluated the synergistic effect of Korean red ginseng(RG) extracts with Saururus chinensis(Lour.) Baill(SC). and Rubus coreanus Miq.(RC) extracts. Experimental groups were divided into supplementation type(RG extracts, RG with SC and RC extracts) and amounts of extracts. Rats were received drinking water with or without RG, RC and SC extracts for eight weeks. In the antioxidant enzyme activities of liver cytosol, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased in RG groups and RG with SC and RC groups compared to control group. The antioxidative activities were increased in proportion to supplementation period and amounts of extracts. These results suggest that RG, RC and SC extracts have an beneficial effect to enhance the cellular antioxidant activities in rats.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2001

The pathogenicity of the extracted WSBV from the hepatopancreas, the lymphoid organ, the stomach and the heart of infected shrimps was examined after artificial infection in shrimps(Penaeus chinensis). In terms of the infection route, the strength of the pathogenicity of WSBV was in the order of intramuscular, oral and dipping method. The influence of rearing water temperature on the pathogenicity of WSBV was the strongest in the order of $30^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $15^{\circ}C$. The isolated WSBV from the diseased shrimps showed very high pathogenicity regardless of their sizes, even though there was difference in time to reach 100% mortality. Degenerated cells characterized by hypertrophied nuclei were found in various tissues such as the lymphoid organ, the hematopoietic tissue and the epidermis in the stomach.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2017

This study detailed the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening and fruit quality in red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) stored at 0 or $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 days, and $20^{\circ}C$ for 13 days. The quality of the fruit was assessed by measuring ethylene production, respiration rate, weight loss, firmness, flesh color, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA), along with a sensory evaluation. Compared to untreated kiwifruit, fruit treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 24h at $20^{\circ}C$ prior to storage showed a delay in ripening and maintained fruit quality during storage. Ethylene production and respiration rate were affected by 1-MCP treatment only in fruit stored at $20^{\circ}C$, where the values were markedly higher compared to kiwifruit stored at 0 and $10^{\circ}C$. 1-MCP treatment resulted in a clear reduction in weight loss due to a delay in fruit ripening. The firmness of kiwifruit stored at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ decreased significantly compared to fruit stored at $0^{\circ}C$, but 1-MCP treatment led to a reduction in this loss. Upon storage, SSC increased while TA decreased across all treatments. Sensory evaluation scores increased with decreasing firmness and acidity and increasing SSC. The shelf life of kiwifruit stored at $0^{\circ}C$ was extended without any chilling injury or color changes. In summary, the results show that 1-MCP treatment can potentially maintain quality and delay ripening of red-fleshed kiwifruit stored at all storage temperatures.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2000

Infection rates with white spot baculovirus(WSBV) in wild-caught shrimp spawners appeared to be 52% in Penaeus chinensis and 20% in Penaeus japonicus when diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infection rates of WSBV from inhabitant organisms in shrimp farm showed 37% in Upogebia major and 29% in Calliamassa japonica. The viruses maintained their survivorship in seawater at $4^{\circ}C$, but lost it at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.730-734
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• 2006

Aqueous extracts of medicinal plants traditionally used in the East Asia such as China, Korea, and Japan were screened for inotropic activity using isolated rabbit atria. Among the twenty-one aqueous-extracts from medicinal plants, the aqueous extracts of Convallaria keiskei(ACK) and rhizome of Coptis chinesis (ACC) were found to exhibit distinctive positive inotropic activity. The aqueous extracts of C. keiskei and rhizome of C. chinensis significantly increased atrial stroke volume and pulse pressure in beating rabbit atria. These findings suggest that the aqueous extracts of C. keiskei and rhizome of C. chinensis enhance the cardiac muscle contractility and then could be useful for the treatment of cardiac failure.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

The reproductive cycle, gonad index, condition index, and the sex ratio in female and male Coecella chinensis, which were collected from the coastal waters of Namhae, the South Coast of Korea, were investigated by histological analysis and morphometric data. Monthly variations of the gonad index and condition index of this species showed similar patterns to that of the reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle in female and male C. chinensis can be classified into six successive stages: early active stage (April), late active stage (May), ripe stage (June), partially spawned/spent stage (June to August), degeneration stage (August) and inactive stage (September to March). According to monthly changes in relative frequency distributions of ovarian egg diameters of this species, in particular, a number of ripe eggs ranging about 70 ${\mu}m$ appear in June, however, in July and August, although the mode of egg diameters ranging about 50 ${\mu}m$ appear about 80%, these ripe eggs ranging from 60 ${\mu}m$ to 70 ${\mu}m$ are gradually decreased during the period from June to August. Therefore, the spawning period of this species is continued from June to August with a peak between July and August when the seawater temperature exceeds about $24.5^{\circ}C$. The sex ratio of female and male individuals was not significantly different from 1:1 (${\chi}^2$=1.20, p>0.05). No hermaphrodites were found.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the development and fecundity of Liriomyze chinensis under different temperatures. Egg periods were 4.5, 2.9 and 1.9 days, larval periods 12.7, 5.8, 4.5, days, pupal periods 20.1, 16.3 and 13.0 days, and total development periods from egg to adult emergence were 32.5, 25.0 and 19.4 days under 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$ of constant temperatures, respectively. Based on this results, developmental threshold temperatures were calculated as 13.0, 11.0 and $7.2^{\circ}C$ and total effective temperatures as 33.0, 86.1 and 293.6 degree-days for egg, larva and pupa, respectively. seventy-eight% of the tested files emerged within four hours and a half after lighting, and none was emerged after eight hours and a half. The longevities of male and female were 5.0 and 8.5 days and the female fly laid 165.8 eggs with her life and punctured 983.8 stipples at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of the water extract from Coptis chinensis Franch. Coptis chinensis Franch. exhibited antioxidative activity at all concentration tested. The extract was as good as antioxidative action of the synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid; Also, the one was superior to that of natural antioxidant, $\alpha$ -tocopherol. With heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Zn2+) present, Coptis chinensis Franch. showed strong antioxidative effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2016

Antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs) are present in all types of organisms, from microbes and plants to vertebrates and invertebrates such as insects. The grasshopper Oxya chinensis sinuosa is an insect species that is widely consumed around the world for its broad medicinal value. However, the lack of available genetic information for this species is an obstacle to understanding the full potential of its AMPs. Analysis of the O. chinensis sinuosa transcriptome and expression profile is essential for extending the available genetic information resources. In this study, we determined the whole-body transcriptome of O. chinensis sinuosa and analyzed the potential AMPs induced by bacterial immunization. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach generated 94,348 contigs and 66,555 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 36,032 (54.14%) matched known proteins in the NCBI database in a BLAST search. Functional analysis demonstrated that 38,219 unigenes were clustered into 5,499 gene ontology terms. In addition, 26 cDNAs encoding novel AMPs were identified by an in silico approach using public databases. Our transcriptome dataset and AMP profile greatly improve our understanding of O. chinensis sinuosa genetics and provide a huge number of gene sequences for further study, including genes of known importance and genes of unknown function.