• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the immunopathological effects of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA) on spleen in mice. DMBA was administered subcutaneously to BALB/C mice by interscapular single injection of 50 or 100${\mu}g/g$ of body weight. Each DMBA treatment group and additional corn oil control group of mice were studied on day 1,3,7,14 and 21 following the injection of DMBA. DMBA treatment resulted in marked decrease in weights and cellularity of spleen. Spleen weights showed the greatest decrease at 14days after 50${\mu}g/g$ DMBA treatment, and at 21days after 100${\mu}g/g$ DMBA treatment. Spleen cellularity was similarly deceased in comparison with spleen weights. Spleen showed morphologically no typical changes throughout the experiment after 50${\mu}g/g$ DMBA treatment. Following the treatment of 100${\mu}g/g$ DMBA the spleen showed severe fibrosis, hemosiderin precipitation, and megakaryocytes decrease in red pulp at 14 days, while hemopoietic function was partly restored in addition to the appearance of a few megakaryocytes at 21 days. In spleen sections treated with antibodies to IgM or Thy1.2, lymphocytes strongly stained with IgM antibody were infiltrated around the central artery within the white pulp, and T-lymphocytes of periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) were diminished and destructed in sections treated with Thy1.2 antibody, at 14 days after the treatment of 100${\mu}g/g$ DMBA. By the electron microscopy phagocytic epithelial cells or macrophages were remarkably increased in spleen at 14and 21days following the treatment of 100${\mu}g/g$ DMBA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1327-1331
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• 2008

In order to determine whether peach contains compounds to regulate adipocyte differentiation, extracts of flesh/pericarp of yellow/white peach were prepared in water, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), or n-butanol solvent and determined for effects on adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 or 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, none of peach extracts has statistically significant stimulatory effect on the adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2. Furthermore, the presence of EtOAc extract of white peach pericarp (WPP) was found to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells both by microscopic examination of Oil Red O-stained lipid droplets and by spectrophotometric quantification of extracted stain, indicating a significant inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation. The inhibition of lipid accumulation was accompanied by a significant decrease in the expression levels of adipocyte molecular markers-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$, CAAT enhancer binding protein $\alpha$, and fatty acid-binding protein. Thus, this study determined that WPP EtOAc extract contains the inhibitory compound(s) on adipogenesis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

In this study, the extracellular metalloprotease from Serratia marcescens PPB-26 was purified to homogeneity via ethanol fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Thus, a 3.8-fold purification was achieved with a 20% yield and specific activity of 76.2 U/mg. The purified protease was a 50-kDa monomer whose optimum pH and temperature for activity were 7.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively; however, it was found to remain active in the 5-9 pH range and up to $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The protease had a half-life of 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$, an optimum reaction time of 10 min, and an optimum substrate (casein) concentration of 0.25%. Furthermore, the Michaelis constant ($K_m$) and reaction velocity ($V_{max}$) of the protease were calculated to be 0.28% and $111.11{\mu}moles/(min{\cdot}mg)^{-1}$, respectively. The protease was stable when subjected to metal ions (2 mM), showing increased activity with most (especially $CoCl_2$ and $MgSO_4$ (30.54% increase)). It was also stable when exposed to oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and detergents (5% v/v for 60 min). It retained 93% of its activity in non-ionic detergents (Tween-20, Tween-80, and Triton X-100). Moreover, wash performance analysis in commercial detergents (Ariel and Tide) showed that not only was the protease capable of protein stain removal, but also reduced cleaning time by 80% when added to detergents. Thus, the Serratia marcescens PPB-26 metalloprotease appears to be a promising new candidate as a laundry additive in the detergent industry.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate effect of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention on neuromotor function in photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PCI) rat model. Sixty male SD rats were used. PCI was induced on M1 cortex of right frontal lobe. SA was performed at the Qianding (GV21), Xuanli (GB6) acupoints of ipsilesional M1. Low-frequency rTMS was delivered to contralesional M1. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal (n, 15); group B, PCI without any stimulation intervention (n, 15); group C, PCI with SA (n, 15); group D, PCI with rTMS (n, 15). Rota-rod test and Ladder rung walking test (LWT) were done weekly for 8 weeks after PCI. SA or rTMS was started from post-PCI 4^th day as protocol for 8 weeks. H/E stain and IHC were done. Western blot and qRT-PCR study were performed for MAP2 and BDNF from ipsilesional M1 peri-infarction tissue. Brain MRI study was conducted to quantify the volume of cerebral infarction. As a result, left forelimb and hindlimb function significantly improved more in group C and D than control group, with expressed more BDNF and MAP2. And brain MRI showed focal infarction of right M1 after PCI, and infarction volume progressively decreased in group C and D than group B from post-PCI 5^th to 8^th week. SA or rTMS was more effective than no intervention group on neuromotor function of PCI rat model. The functional recovery was associated with stimulation intervention-related neurogenesis.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.698-713
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• 1999

Adherence of Candida albicans(C. albicans) to the surface of a denture is believed to be an initial and essential step in the formation of denture-induced stematitis. Previous studies have provided enormous infomation on the relationship between composition of palatine gland/parotid saliva and upper denture stomatitis. Relatively little information is available on the correlation between lower denture stomatitis and sublingual-submandibular ( SLSM ) saliva. The plaque samples were collected from the two sites($100mm^2$) on the inner surface of lower partial denture corresponding to the stematitis and healthy region of the lower partial dentures of 12 denture stomatitis patients and 6 nor-mal persons who wore lower partial dentures. The samples were plated to isolate C. albicans on a selective Saboraud's dextrose agar plate and the isolates were identified by germ tube test and gram staining. The subjects were divided into group I (stomatitis with C. albican), group II (lesion without C. albicans), group III (no lesion but C. albicans), and group IV (normal and healthy denture wearer). Individual SLSM saliva($20{\mu}g$ of protein) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (SDS -poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis) with Coomassie brilliant blue and PAS(Periodic Acid Schinff) stain-ing. The salivary proteins separated in the polyacryamide gels were subjected to immunoblot anaysis using anti-lactoferrin, anti-sIgA, and anti-secretory component of sIgA. In this study using custom made acrylic denture resin beads(5mm in diameter) coated with stimulated individual SLSM saliva, the binding ability of individual C. albicans strains to the beads was observed. Levels of C, albicans adhered to the acrylic resin beads were determined by measuring the optical density of the bound C. albicans to the beads at 580nm. The results showed that a higher number of C. albicans was observed in the lesion site than healthy site. The saliva of group I contained more high molecular weight glycoprotein(mucin, MGI) as compared to group II, III and IV. And lactoferrin and sIgA affected to the binding ability of C. albicans to acylic resin beads. Binding ability of individual C. albicans to the acrylic resin coated with respective individual saliva was found to be greater in group I than the other 3 groups. And when bound cells of C. albicans isolated from individual subject #2 to the saliva coated beads were used binding ability of subject #2 saliva coated beads was founed to be greater than the other sutjects. These results suggested that denture induced stomatitis is related to individual patient's salivary protein composition, especially MG-1. Future studies will be directed toward saliva exam-ination of patients who have general disease and analysis of pellicles formed on prosthesis with respect to oral disease.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.108-119
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• 2018

"이충무공전서" 정고본은 1795년 간행된 이충무공전서 1책에 해당하는 부분을 수기(手記)한 것으로 인쇄하기 전 초고(草稿)를 마지막으로 수정해 내용을 완전하게 한 판본으로 추정된다. 책의 형태는 오침안정법(五針眼訂法)의 선장본 형식으로 되어 있으며, 책 하단부분의 습해로 인한 얼룩, 결실, 산화 등 손상으로 보존처리가 시급하였다. 또한 과학적 조사 및 분석을 통해 지질과 섬유의 특성을 밝히고, 보존처리 과정에 반영될 수 있도록 하였다. 종이의 크기(cm), 두께(mm), 무게(g), 평량($g/m^2$), 밀도($g/cm^3$), 발 끈 간격 및 초 수($3{\times}3cm$) 측정 등 지질 조사를 실시하였다. 지질 조사 결과 조선시대 후기 왕실 발행 도서에 이용된 종이 특징을 추정할 수 있었다. 표지, 책지 등의 종이 섬유를 C염색법으로 분석한 결과 닥 인피섬유인 것으로 확인되었고, 장정된 끈은 면(棉) 재질로 확인되었다. 종이에 포함된 첨가물 유무를 확인하기 위해 SEM-EDS 분석을 실시한 결과 주성분인 탄소(C)와 산소(O) 외에 결정화 된 칼슘(Ca) 성분이 검출되었다. 본 유물은 "이충무공전서"의 정고본으로 전해지는 유일한 책으로 학술적 가치가 높으며, 정확한 시대와 발행 기관에 대한 정보가 수록되어 있어 고전적의 인쇄과정을 추측할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 전적류 문화재의 보존 및 복원을 위한 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.752-755
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ash tree leaf extract (ALE) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatoprotective effects were detected by biochemical analysis of hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination of the liver. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: 'normal' control mice, APAP-treated control mice, and mice pretreated with ALE and treated with APAP. A single dose of APAP markedly increased levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Light micrographs of liver cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed that APAP induced severe centrilobular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Moreover, APAP caused the numbers of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes to increase and caused glycogen content to decrease as observed by Periodic acid-Schiff stain. However, pretreatment with ALE for 7 days prior to the administration of APAP significantly decreased plasma levels of AST and ALT. Histological findings demonstrated that ALE pretreatment alleviated APAP-induced liver damage, and induced the regeneration of liver tissue and restoration of glycogen. These results indicate that ash tree leaf extract exerts a protective effect against APAP-hepatotoxicity induced injury.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2018

Parkes Weber syndrome is a rare congenital vascular anomaly, related to the RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) gene. It is characterized by capillary cutaneous malformations, bony and soft tissue hyperplasia, and multiple arteriovenous fistulas throughout the affected upper or lower extremity. These arteriovenous fistulas can be associated with life-threatening complications such as bleeding, thrombosis, and high output heart failure. In this report, we present a neonate who had a disproportionately hypertrophied left upper limb with port-wine stain, dystrophy of the left humerus, and hypertrophy of the left clavicle on X-ray, and arteriovenous malformation and massive dilatation of the left subclavian artery on magnetic resonance angiography. Exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel heterozygous splicing mutation (c.1776+2T>A) in the RASA1 gene. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first case of RASA1-related Parkes Weber syndrome in Korea.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2014

Red pine is a popular species for making a cutting board in Korea, but easily sap stained. Heat treatment could improve its quality by darkening and equalizing the color of sap stained wood. The color change of sap stained red pine boards was investigated by heat treatment at $190^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the color of heat treated boards got darker and it made the color of sap stain vanished. A colorimeter was used to measure color indexes. It was revealed that the values of the lightness ($L^*$) and the yellowness ($b^*$) decreased as heat treatment repeated while the values of the redness ($a^*$) increased. The average of the color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) between the control and 1st heat treated boards was 16.1, which could be expressed as 'Extremely different' while that between the 1st and 2nd heat treated boards was 8.3, which could be expressed as 'Considerably different'. The fact that heat treatment equalized the color of boards was confirmed by a statistical analysis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the changes of cellular components and the production of Th 1 cytokine in the immune tissue, inbred C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 40 cysts of 76K strain of Toxoplosma gondii. The sequential change of cell differentials and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of splenocytes were analyzed by Diff-Quik stain and RT-PCR. There were no significant proportional changes of cellular components of splenocytes until day 4 postinfection (Pl) as compared to those of day 0, and the relative percentage of macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly (p<0.01) thereafter. The expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA of $CD3^{-}$ cells was observed from day 1 Pl at a low level. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of $CD3^{+}$ cells increased significantly from day 4 Pl (p<0.01) which progressively increased thereafter. These findings provide the relative percentages of granulocytes and macrophages were increased in conjunction with increase of total number of splenocytes after oral infection with T. gondii in the susceptible murine hosts, and lymphocytes were the major cellular components and the important source of $IFN-{\gamma}$.