• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.836-843
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• 2009

The Water Glass grouting method has been applied frequently to impermeable grouting in practice. But there is raising problems which are durability decrease by passage time and environmentally adverse effect. So, Earth Natural Grouting method which uses micro cement is developed to overcomes the problems of the Water Glass grouting method. And it is displayed ground injection extent like Water Glass grouting method. For verifying impermeability of ENG, it is carried out a triaxial permeability test about manufacturing specimen of ENG, SGR method which is a presentative Water Glass grouting method. Although Coefficient of permeability, k, of SGR is measured a little high than k of ENG whose value is $a{\times}10^{-6}cm/sec$, the value of ENG belong to impermeable rage. And, k of SGR shows relatively rapid increase according to cure time due to durability decrease of water glass. Also, in-situ test result of ENG has similar value with SGR method for similar ground.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.221-226
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• 2001

Chloride diffusion effect of cement paste, freezing and thawing test, carbonation of concrete specimen were carried out using inorganic coating material. According to the chloride ions diffusion test, it is elucidated that permeability and diffusion coefficient of Cl￣ ions and apparent coefficient of coated cement paste is smaller than plain cement paste. A durability of coated concrete specimen was enhanced by the experiment result of concrete carbonation and freezing thawing test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.670-677
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• 2020

Objective: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a T cell-derived B cell stimulating factor which plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. In this study, the pharmacokinetic properties of LMT-28 including physicochemical property, in vitro liver microsomal stability and an in vivo pharmacokinetic study using BALB/c mice were characterized. Methods: LMT-28 has been synthesized and is being developed as a novel therapeutic IL-6 inhibitor. The physicochemical properties and in vitro pharmacokinetic profiles such as liver microsomal stability and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell permeability assay were examined. For in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacokinetic parameters using BALB/c mice were calculated. Results: The logarithm of the partition coefficient value (LogP; 3.65) and the apparent permeability coefficient values (P_app; 9.7×10^-6 cm/s) showed that LMT-28 possesses a moderate-high cell permeability property across MDCK cell monolayers. The plasma protein binding rate of LMT-28 was 92.4% and mostly bound to serum albumin. The metabolic half-life (t_1/2) values of LMT-28 were 15.3 min for rat and 21.9 min for human at the concentration 1 μM. The area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve and C_max after oral administration (5 mg/kg) of LMT-28 were 302±209 h·ng/mL and 137±100 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: These data suggest that LMT-28 may have good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and may be a novel oral drug candidate as the first synthetic IL-6 inhibitor to ameliorate mammalian inflammation.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 1997

Permeability was not represented as a simple function of the difference between confining pressure($P_c$) and pore pressure($P_p$). The effective pressure($P_e$) for measurements of the permeability is shown to be $P_c-{\alpha}P_p$, where $\alpha$ is a coefficient of effective pressure. Local values of $\alpha$ were determined at intervals along the pressure path which range 25MPa to 55MPa. The values of $\alpha$ ranged 0.65 to 1.09 for Pocheon granite and 1.20 to 1.43 for Wonju granite. Also, the value of $\alpha$ calculated by the cross-plotting method was 0.90 for Pocheon granite, 1.59 for Wonju granite and 4.35 for jointed Pocheon granite. $\alpha$ was found to be stress-history dependent.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2011

The consolidation behavior of soft clay is controlled mainly by its compressibility and deformation characteristics. Soil permeability depends on various soil characteristics, including the soil type and anisotropy. The coefficient of permeability of soft clay is determined by using a laboratory test (the Oedometer test) or a piezocone test. The latter test is useful for estimating the permeability characteristics from $c_h$ and $k_h$ by performing an excess pore-pressure dissipation test. This study seeks to validate an existing theoretical formula in applying it to marine clay, and to assess the relation between $k_h/k_c$ and the mechanical properties of soft clay. Piezocone tests and laboratory tests were performed using sediment from the Yellow Sea and from the South Sea near Korea. We compared $k_h/k_v$ values obtained using the piezocone test and using laboratory consolidation tests. The obtained values are similar to the values obtained by Jamiolkowski et al. (M application); therefore, the latter values are recommended to be used as $k_h/k_v$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.192-199
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• 2010

This research produced internal model tester ($2.0m{\times}2.0m{\times}1.0m$) to evaluate the field application of Paju Unjeong District water recycling system for small streams eco-friendly river bed disparity method for the first time in Korea and conducted comparative analysis of the Paju Unjeong District water recycling system field test results and infiltration rate result of internal tests by each rainfall intensity following surface material. Infiltration rate result of internal tests concrete pavement by rainfall intensity following surface material, asphalt pavement, bentonite mate, stabilized soil construction and mixed soil construction manifested low infiltration rate. On the contrary, compaction soil, grassland and water permeable packaging materials resulted in significant amount of infiltration rate. As for the field permeability test results, they were manifested similar tendency as indoor permeability test results and they satisfied the standard for standard of water permeability of domestic disparity facility (less than $1.0{\times}10-7cm$/sec). As compaction rate increased, unconfined compression strength increased as well while coefficient of water permeability decreased.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

In this research, an analytical solution for the coefficient of permeability of soils during consolidation is suggested. The pore pressure and the flow rate measurements at different locations during consolidation are utilized. The void ratio and volume compressibility of soils under consolidation are also estimated. A large consolidation testing device, possible in both vertical and radial drainage is designed and manufactured. And consolidation test with kaolinite soils were performed under radially inward drainage direction. Pore pressures in varying radial distances and flow rate with time were measured as well as vertical deformations. From the test results, the changes of permeability, volume compressibility and void ratio under consolidation and their spatial variations are estimated. Thus the proposed solution is verified by comparing with the experimentally estimated test results. In addition, it is confirmed that permeability, void ratio and volume compressibility decrease as consolidation and loading steps progress. Also, these soil characteristics increase with radial distant from drainage boundary, where lowest values observed, and slightly decrease as approaching undrained boundary.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 1993

The sorption equilibria and permeabilities for $CO_2$ in a homogeneous membrane of polystyrene with the glass transition temperature of $95^{\circ}C$ were measured at a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and gas pressures up to 1.6 MPa and 2.5 MPa, respectively. The sorption isotherm had the form af dual-mode sorption model at low gas pressures, but became linear at pressures above 1.3 MPa. The linear portion of the isotherm extrapolated to the origin. The pressure dependence of the rnean permeability coefficient deviated upward from the dualsrhode mobility model prediction. It was found that the glass transition was brought out by the plasticization action of sotbed $CO_2$ at a gas pressure of 1.3 MPa from the sorption isotherm. And this result was consistent with an increase in the mean permeability coefficient with applied gas pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.226-231
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• 2001

The effect of interface reaction between Mn-Zn ferrite single crystal and 61 SiO$_2$-23Pbo-6ZnO-8Na$_2$O-2K$_2$O (mol%) glass on the magnetic properties of the ferrite was investigated. After the reaction, the hump of Zn concentration appeared at the ferrite adjacent to the interface. The initial permeability of the ferrite bonded with the glass at 700 $^{\circ}C$ was 1766 at 100 KHz and reduced to 907 after reaction at 1000$^{\circ}C$. The permeability degradation with increasing reaction temperature was considered to be attributed not only to the sixe diminution of the ferrite due to the its dissolution into the glass but also to the residual stress due to the difference in expansion coefficient between the ferrite and the diffusion layer-the region of the hump of Zn concentration-adjacent to the interface.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2010

Recently, some mathematical models for the prediction on progress of carbonation of concrete were reported. These models take account for $CO_2$ diffusion and chemical reaction between $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CO_2$. Based on the assumption that $CO_2$ diffuses in the carbonation zone and reacts with $Ca(OH)_2$ at the outer face of carbonation zone and non-carbonation zone. In this study, a mathematical model to predict the progress of carbonation of concrete has been established based on the reducing concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$ in the carbonation progress zone, where $Ca(OH)_2$ reacts with $CO_2$ and $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ coexist. Also, the prediction model of carbonation progress rate of concrete using the air permeability coefficient regarding to $CO_2$ diffusion is developed. As a result of this study, an expression, the model equation is obtained for the prediction of carbonation based on the time and interaction velocity between $CO_2$ and Ca(OH)$_2$ dependent air permeability coefficient. The prediction by the model satisfied the experimental data of the accelerated carbonation for painted concrete. Consequently, the model can predict the rate of carbonation and the potential service life of concrete structure exposed to atmosphere.