• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2021

Since the technical realization of self-aligned planar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors in 1960s, semiconductor manufacturing has aggressively pursued scaling that fruitfully resulted in tremendous advancement in device performances and realization of features sizes smaller than 10 nm. Due to many intrinsic material and technical obstacles, continuing the scaling progress of semiconductor devices has become increasingly arduous. As an effort to circumvent the areal limit, stacking devices in a three-dimensional fashion has been suggested. This approach is commonly called monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integration. In this work, we examined technical issues that need to be addressed and overcome to fully realize energy efficiency, short latency and cost competency. Full-fledged M3D technologies are expected to contribute to various new fields of artificial intelligence, autonomous gadgets and unknowns, which are to be discovered.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.211-224
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• 1998

This study is research about coinage and interpretation of Japanese Menus in luxury hotels in Seoul. Japanese Menus consist of three categories. These can be expressed A+B+C groupings. A represents Ingredients, C represents the cooking method, while B shows the name of a region(B1), the seasoning(B2), and a word that expresses the shape of the food(B3), etc. B can be flexible in meaning. However, the setting, A+B+C, is not always used strictly for these category meanings. Ingredients, A, is sometimes used independently(ex, ぃくとろろ), and at other times B1 + C, B2 + C or B3 + C are used. Sometimes A+C is used without B. The most general expression is Ingredients + the method for cooking(A+C Type). By knowing the menu description the food type and cooking method can be discovered. Most concrete method is Ingredients + procedure for seasoning + cooking method(A+B2+C Type) show how something is made and what kind of seasoning. This method is frequently used for roasted dishes with seasoning. Food which is expressed by A, Ingredients, does not require a complicated cooking process and is fixed by a conventional cooking process without any explanation ; delicacies(珍味), an hors d'oeuvres(前菜), sushi(Japanese vinegared rice delicacies) and sliced raw fish. There are two obstacles in interpreting Japanese Menus. First, we cannot look up the menu words easily in a dictionary because the mixing of Chinese Characters and the pronunciation of them differs from Korean chinese characters. Secondly, the names of Japanese food are inserted with a name of a place or another symbolic word, so they sometimes cannot be translated. We should offer various and accurate information for foreign customers because various Non-Japanese people use these restaurants frequently. This will enable them to enjoy themselves more comfortably. Therefore, you should decide the words carefully and provide an explanation about the complicated parts of the Menu when you work with Menu copywriter.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2003

Thoracic outlet syndrome is actually a collection of syndromes brought about by abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle by bony, ligamentous or muscular obstacles between the cervical spine and the lower border of the axilla. First of all a syndrome is defined as a group of signs and symptoms that collectively characterize or indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition. The neurovascular bundle which can suffer compression consists of the brachial plexus plus the C8 and T1 nerve roots and the subclavian artery and vein. The brachial plexus is the network of motor and sensory nerves which innervate the arm, the hand, and the region of the shoulder girdle. The vascular component of the bundle, the subclavian artery and vein transport blood to and from the arm. the hand. the shoulder girdle and the regions of the neck and head. The bony, ligamentous, and muscular obstacles all define the cervicoaxillary canal or the thoracic outlet and its course from the base of the neck to the axilla or arm pit. Look at the scheme of this region and it all becomes more easily understood. Compression occurs when the size and shape of the thoracic outlet is altered. The outlet can be altered by exercise, trauma, pregnancy, a congenital anomaly, an exostosis, postural weakness or changes. Thoracic outlet syndrome has been described as occurring in a diverse population. It is most often the result of poor or strenuous posture but can also result from trauma or constant muscle tension in the shoulder girdle. The first step to beginning any treatment begins with a trip to the doctor. Make a list of all of the symptoms which seem to be present even if the sensations are vague. Make a note of what activities and positions produce or alleviate the symptoms and the time of day when symptoms are worst. Also, note when the symptoms first appeared. This list is important and should also include any questions one may have.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.351-366
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• 2023

Along with the development of immunosuppressive drugs, major advances on xenotransplantation were achieved by understanding the immunobiology of xenograft rejection. Most importantly, three predominant carbohydrate antigens on porcine endothelial cells were key elements provoking hyperacute rejection: α1,3-galactose, SDa blood group antigen, and N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Preformed antibodies binding to the porcine major xenoantigen causes complement activation and endothelial cell activation, leading to xenograft injury and intravascular thrombosis. Recent advances in genetic engineering enabled knock-outs of these major xenoantigens, thus producing xenografts with less hyperacute rejection rates. Another milestone in the history of xenotransplantation was the development of co-stimulation blockaded strategy. Unlike allotransplantation, xenotransplantation requires blockade of CD40-CD40L pathway to prevent T-cell dependent B-cell activation and antibody production. In 2010s, advanced genetic engineering of xenograft by inducing the expression of multiple human transgenes became available. So-called 'multi-gene' xenografts expressing human transgenes such as thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor were introduced, which resulted in the reduction of thrombotic events and improvement of xenograft survival. Still, there are many limitations to clinical translation of cardiac xenotransplantation. Along with technical challenges, zoonotic infection and physiological discordances are major obstacles. Social barriers including healthcare costs also need to be addressed. Although there are several remaining obstacles to overcome, xenotransplantation would surely become the novel option for millions of patients with end-stage heart failure who have limited options to traditional therapeutics.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2024

무인 항공기의 경로 계획은 고정 및 동적 장애물을 포함하는 복합 환경에서 장애물 충돌을 회피하는 것이 중요하다. RRT나 A^*와 같은 경로 계획 알고리즘은 고정된 장애물 회피를 효과적으로 수행하지만, 고차원 환경일수록 계산 복잡도가 증가하는 한계점을 가진다. 강화학습 기반 알고리즘은 복합적인 환경 반영이 가능하지만, 기존 경로 계획 알고리즘과 같이 고차원 환경일수록 훈련 복잡도가 증가하여 수렴성을 기대하기 힘들다. 본 논문은 셀 분해 알고리즘을 활용한 강화학습 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 학습 환경을 세부적으로 분해하여 환경의 복잡도를 감소시킨다. 또한, 에이전트의 유효한 행동을 설정하여 장애물 회피 성능을 개선한다. 이를 통해 강화학습의 탐험 문제를 해결하고, 학습의 수렴성을 높인다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 모델이 일반적인 환경의 강화학습 모델과 비교하여 학습 속도를 개선하고 효율적인 경로를 계획할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2018

본 연구는 개발도상국 고등교육을 위한 이러닝 플랫폼에 대하여 연구하였다. 먼저 ICT기술환경 등 이러닝 환경요인과 개발도상국을 위한 아세안사이버대학(ACU) 프로젝트를 소개한 후, 개발도상국 이러닝 플랫폼 사례로서 캄보디아 사례를 제시하였다. 캄보디아의 국가교육정책 및 ICT환경, 현지의 이러닝 수요 및 환경요소를 분석하였으며, 분석 결과에 따른 이러닝 전략과 세부방안을 도출하고 이러닝 플랫폼 C-MOOC Net을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법을 검증하기 위하여 C-MOOC Net 시스템의 프로토타입을 공개소프트웨어 기반으로 개발하여 실제로 운영한 결과 C-MOOC 허브의 연계, 현지 언어의 지원, 선호강좌의 개인화 등록 등 요구사항을 충족함을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

It is needed to assess the impact of the road traffic noise for city planning. In Korea, the current noise impact assessment h3s not yet considered the impacts of the multiple reflection, the deflection and the ground attenuation caused by buildings and other obstacles. A noise map is useful tool to solve this problems. But before everything else, suitability of noise map must be assessed for variety of geometry conditions. In this study, we assessed suitability of road traffic noise map by compared measured noise levels with predicted noise levels from each road traffic noise map for Site A, B and C.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.2127-2130
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• 2008

In this paper, a tunable bandpass filter with mutual inductive coupling circuits is newly designed and demonstrated for UHF TV tuner ranged from Ch.14(473MHz) to Ch.69(803MHz) applications. Conventional HF tuning circuit with an electromagnetic bandpass filter has several problems such as large size, high volume and high cost, since the electromagnetic filter is comprised of several passive components and air core inductors to be assembled and controlled manually. To address these obstacles, peaking chip inductor was newly applied for constructing the mutual inductive coupling circuit. The proposed circuit was newly and optimally designed, since the chip inductor showed lower components Q-value than the air core inductor. A varactor diode has been also used to fabricate the proposed tunable bandpass filter for RF tuning circuit. The fabricated tunable filter exhibited low insertion loss of approximately -3dB, high return loss of below -10dB, and large tuning bandwidth of 330MHz.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.2251_2252
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• 2009

In this paper, an attempt has been made by incorporating variable wheel arrangement for a car-like robot. In this scheme, the car-like robot controls its body height and the length of forward and backward wheels while driving in omni-direction. Experimental results show that the proposed car-like robot with wheel arrangement variable structure presents effectiveness of several situations.(a. left and right turn, b. longitudinal and latitudinal parking, c. control of body height and the length of forward and backward wheels, d. passing over obstacles, e. adaptive cruise control.)

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2006

Most of automobile member parts experience severe springback problems because of their complicated shape and high yielding strength. Now it becomes imperative to develop an effective method to resolve these problems. However, there remain several obstacles to get accurate estimation of dimensional shape. Especially the effective algorithms to simulate sheet metal forming processes including drawing, trimming, flanging and springback is demanded for the multi stage simulation of automobile member parts. In this study, for the purpose of accurate springback calculation, a simulation program which is robust in springback analysis is developed. Favorable enhancement in computation time for springback analysis by using latest equation solving technique and robust solution convergence by continuation method are achieved with the program. In analysis, the multi processes of rear side member are simulated to verify the system. For the evaluation of springback accuracy practically, all conditions including boundary conditions for springback analysis and inspection conditions for dimensional accuracy are applied. The springback results of simulations show good agreement with the experiments.