• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological change at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region using computed tomography. Methods : A total of 238 patients were included in this study, and mean age was $47.8{\pm}21.3months$. Spinal canal diameter, Power's ratio, McRae line, antero-posterior C1 ring height, atlantoaxial joint space, C2 growth, epidural space from the dens (M-PB-C2) and longitudinal distance (basion to C2 lower margin, B-C2) were measured. The mean value of each parameter was assessed for individual age groups. The cohorts were then divided into three larger age groups : infancy (I) (${\leq}2years$), very early (VE) childhood (2-5 years) and early (E) childhood ($5{\geq}years$). Results : Spinal canal diameter increased with age; however, this value did not increase with statistical significance after VE age. A significant age-related difference was found for all C2 body and odontoid parameters (p<0.05). Mean McRae line was 8.5, 8, and 7.5 mm in the I, VE, and E groups, respectively. The M-PB-C2 line showed up-and-down dynamic change during early pediatric periods. Conclusion : Expansion of the spinal canal was restricted to the very early childhood period (less than 5 years) in the CVJ region; however, the C2 body and odontoid process increased continuously with age. The above results induced a dynamic change in the M-PB-C2 line. Although C2 longitudinal growth continued with age, the McRae line showed relatively little change.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.799-808
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• 1998

To investigate the antitumor activity of mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pampan), petroleum ether extract of mugwork was partially purified by a silica gel chromatography. Among several fractions, the fraction which was obtained under the elution with acetone, showed potent cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia cell line(Ll210), human colon cancer cell line (HCT-48) and human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) , but was less effective with normal cell line(mouse embryo cell). Acetone fraction appeared to be glycolipid by Benedict test and the major fatty acids of the lipid were C16 ; 0 , C 18: 3by GC/MS analysis.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2021

We present the discovery of rare active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby (z<0.05) compact elliptical galaxies (cEs) located in isolated environments. Using spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12, four AGNs were identified based on the optical emission-line diagnostic diagram. SDSS optical spectra of AGNs show the presence of distinct narrow-line emissions. Utilizing the black hole (BH) mass-stellar velocity dispersion scaling relation and the correlation between the narrow L([OIII])/L(Hβ) line ratio and the width of the broad Hα emission line, we estimated the BH masses of the cEs to be in the range of 7×10⁵-8×10⁷ solar mass. The observed surface brightness profiles of the cEs were fitted with a double Sérsic function using the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey r-band imaging data. Assuming the inner component as the bulge, the K-band bulge luminosity was also estimated from the corresponding Two Micron All Sky Survey images. We found that our cEs follow the observed BH mass-stellar velocity dispersion and BH mass-bulge luminosity scaling relations, albeit there was a large uncertainty in the derived BH mass of one cE. In view of the observational properties of BHs and those of the stellar populations of cEs, we discuss the proposition that cEs in isolated environments are bona fide low-mass early-type galaxies (i.e., a nature origin).

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

The minimum rank mr(G) of a simple graph G is defined to be the smallest possible rank over all symmetric real matrices whose (i, j)-th entry (for $i{\neq}j$) is nonzero whenever {i, j} is an edge in G and is zero otherwise. The corona $C_n{\circ}K_t$ is obtained by joining all the vertices of the complete graph $K_t$ to each n vertex of the cycle $C_n$. For any t, we obtain an upper bound of zero forcing number of $L(C_n{\circ}K_t)$, the line graph of $C_n{\circ}K_t$, and get some bounds of $mr(L(C_n{\circ}K_t))$. Specially for t = 1, 2, we have calculated $mr(L(C_n{\circ}K_t))$ by the cut-vertex reduction method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.241-248
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.103-112
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• 1997

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 1993

Since discovery of X-rays, radiotherapy has evolved into one of the most scientific branches of medicine and has established its role as the primary line or the secondary line of attack, after surgery, in the treatment of malignant cancers. Nowadays its importance is illustrated by the fact that as many as 70 per cent of all pastients with cancer will receive radiation therapy at sometime during their disease process. Biologic effects of X-rays began to be apparant soon after the discovery by Roentgen in 1895. In clinical radiotherapy, the biologic endpoint of most importance is loss of cellular reproductive ability or clonogenicity. One of the commonest ways to assess cell survival is to use an in vitro plating assay. We analyzed radiation effect on colony formation of HaLa.S3(SC) cell line and obtained results are as follows: The plating efficiency is 0.464. The shape of cell survival curve is similar to multi-target plus single hit component model. Estimated values of Do, Dq, and extrapolation number are 150 cGy, 80 cGy and 1.7 respectively. We reported these experimental data with review of literature.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2000

We reinvestigate UV line emissions of 44i Boo, W UMa, AW UMa and VW Cep, which are indicaters of chromospheric activity of these stars. C I, C II, C IV, Si IV lines show significant variation in orbital phase. Among those lines, the Line of C IV showed the strongest line flux. while other Si IV and N V lines showed relative low line intensities. 44i Boo emitted the strongest flux than other stars. UV light curves of target stars shoed UV maximum at phase around 0.2 an 0.8 Such UV emissions are generally believed to be observed at the active regions and contacting parts of the two stars due to the clear visibility at the phase 0.2 and 0.8. Total emissivity of four transitions lines lead to conclude that the activity of this region is 40 times larger than the quiet sun. It is obvious that the activity decrease according to increase period. We obtained also Mg II light curve of AW UMA and VW Cep. These stars showed more clearly phase-dependent light curves. We estimated effective temperature of two star, AW UMa and VW Cep, using by Mg II flux.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2013

Purpose: Open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fracture using plate has been used. While numerous plates have been manufactured, most of the conventional plates are designed for westerners, realistically the size is larger for Korean. The domestic products, on the other hand, often have the undesirable screw holes and path. Therefore, we measured the radiologic parameter of Korean calcaneus for providing the plate and screw hole placements. Materials and Methods: We measured the outer lines and angles with over the 20 years old 291 females and 322 males. A: Length of inferior plane of calcaneus, B: Length of anterior plane of calcaneus, C: Length from line A to sinus tarsi, D: Length from line A to posterior point of posterior facet, E: Length from line A to calcaneal tuberosity, F: Length of posterior facet, G: Length from anterior point of line A to C, H: Length from line C to line D, a: Angle between A and B, b: Gissane angle, c: Bohler angle, d: Calcaneal pitch angle using Marosis m-view$^{(R)}$. Results: Mean A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H were 63.6, 26.4, 23.2, 43.7, 40.5, 26.9, 12.8, 18.1 mm. Mean a, b, c, d angle were 105.8, 122.4, 32.4, $20.5^{\circ}$. Male's calcaneus is significantly bigger than female's (p<0.001). Conclusion: AP calcaneus length 63.6 mm, maximal height 43.7 mm is considered to be helpful in making the Korean calcaneal plate.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1976

The author observed the positional relationship of maxillary cuspid to ala-lacrimal duct line in the 594 Koreans(329 male, 265 female) who had relatively normal teeth arrangement, aged 16 to 70. The relationship of ala-lacrimal duct line to the distal angie of maxilly cuspid of the subjects were classified as follows; Type A : Ala-lacrimal duct line was lotated more medially than the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. Type B : Ala-lacrimal duct line coincided with the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. Type C: Ala-lacrimal duct line was located more distally than the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. The occlusal relationship of the maxillary first molar to the mandibular first molar of the subjects were classified as follows; Group I : Group of neutrocclusion relationship. Group II : Group of distocclusion relationship. Group III : Group of mesiocclusion relationship. The obtained results were as follows; 1) The positional relationship of maxillary cuspid to ala-lacrimal duct line were as follows; (Male) Type A: $68.5%{\pm}1.58m%$, Type B: $22.5%{\pm}2.30m%$, Type C: $9.1%{\pm}\1.58m%$ (Female) Type A : $64.5%{\pm}2.94m%$, Type B: $26.5%{\pm}2.71m%$, TypeC: $8.9%{\pm}1.73m%$ 2) Ala-lacrimal duct line located more distally in group II and group III than group I at the point of the positional relationship of upper and lower first molar. 3) Average distance and standard deviation in type A were as follows; (Male) Right: $2.17mm.{\pm}1.01mm.$ Left: $2.27mm.{\pm}1.02mm.$ (Female) Right: $2.06mm.{\pm}0.70mm.$ Left: $2.24mm.{\pm}0.80mm.$ 4) Average distance and standard deviation in type C were as follows; (Male), Right: $1.47mm.{\pm}0.85mm.$ Left: $1.52mm.{\pm}0.97mm.$ (Female) Right: $1.04mm.{\pm}0.44mm.$ Left: $1.26mm.{\pm}0.89mm.$ The results of 3) and 4) had no significant difference between the male and female.