• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.184-192
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• 1998

This study was done to examine the correlations between weight, BMI and risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women in their forties and fifties. The subjects were 412 adults. who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows : 1. The men between 50 and 59 years of age had higher levels for BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, plasminogen activator-1, and hemoglobin A,C than the group of women in their forties. Yet. HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the former group. 2. In the group of men in their forties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1(r=.35) HDL-cholesterol(r=-.19). Their BMI was significantly correlted to systolic blood pressure(r=.27), diastolic blood pressure (r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.23), LDL-cholesterol (r=.26), plasminogen activator-1(r=.36) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.25). 3. As for the group of women in their forties weight was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.20), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), triglyceride(r=.32) , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.30) and HDL-cholesterol(r= -.37). Their BMI was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure (r=.25) triglyceride(r=.47), plasminogen activator-1 (r=.35), fibrinogen(r=.27) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.47). 4. In the group of men in their fifties. weight was significantly correlated to total cholesterol (r=32), LDL-cholesterol(r=.29). plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.26). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.24), diastolic blood pressure (r=.22), total cholesterol (r=.34), LDL-cholesterol (r=.32), and plasminogen activator-1(r=.25). 5. In the group of women in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.21), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.43) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.21). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.25), diastolic blood pressure(r=.40), total cholesterol(r=.24), LDL-cholesterol(r=.24), triglyceride(r=22), and HDL-cholesterol (r=-.30). The above findings indicate that the BMI was more predictive than weight as a risk factor for coronary artery disease for men and women in their forties and fifties.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1992

The changes in sensory and mechanical texture of chewing gum during storage at various relative humidity were studied to define the quality index for the prediction of shelf-life. The initial moisture content of chewing gum was 2.57% (dry basis). The BET monolayer value at $a_{w}$ 0.19 was calculated to be 1.57% (dry basis). The sensory scores of chewing gum were closely correlated with moisture content and instrumental texture parameters with 0.1% significant level. Therefore the quality of stored chewing gum was directly related with moisture content above BET monolayer. The products became organoleptically acceptable in the range of moisture content $2.17{\sim}3.16%(dry basis)$. This range of moisture content ie equivalent to the ranges of instrumental parameter, fracture force$0.8{\sim}1.8{\times}10^{7}$, fracture modulus $1.1{\sim}2.4{\times}10^{8}$, puncture force $0.5{\sim}1.1{\times}10^{7}[dyne/cm^{2}]$ and brittleness $0.7{\sim}1.4{\times}10^{8}[dyne/cm^{3}]$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2000

Relationship among the properties of rice, such as amylose contents of endosperm starch, sugar content and amylogram characteristics, and processing properties for rice bread was studied. The amylose content of the rice cultivars decreased in order of Nampungbyeo, Whachungbyeo>Punchilmi(fl)>Nampung CB243> Whachung du-I, Nampung EM90>Whachung-chalbyeo>shr. Protein contents of rice tested in this study were almost same level, however, shr, the high sugar rice, showed the highest protein content scored as 8.2%. The study showed that the amylose contents of rice cultivars were negatively correlated with their protein contents. The starting temperatures for gelatinization of the flour of Punchilmi(fl) and Shurunken(shr) were low, however, in case of Whachungbyeo and Nampungbyeo plus their mutants derived from the both, the stickiness and the hardness of the flours were shown to be positively correlated with the amylose contents. In addition, loaf volume tested using sensory evaluation and overall quality showed the same tendency. Among the rice cultivars tested in this study, breads made from white rice had good qualities in bread making process than those made from brown rice. The bread made from Nampungbyeo was demonstrated to have highest score e in overall quality, as well as the lowest retrogradation index during storage at $4^{\circ}C$

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

식물 양분으로서 유황의 중요성에 관심이 증가되고 있으며 더욱이 대기에서 유래된 유황함량이 감소되고 집약적인 농업으로 유황의 수요가 늘어나고 있다. 호주에서 유황 부족 현상이 1915에 확인된 이래 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 장기적이고 지속적인 연구가 수행되었다. 1980년까지 과석 사용으로 유황의 결핍상황은 나타나지 않았으나 작물 재배가 집약화되고 과석이 고농도비료로 대체되어 사용되면서 유황부족 현상이 증가되었다. 호주의 다우 지역에서 수행된 인광석 시험포장 30군데 중$43\%$가 2년 차에서 효과가 있었다. 토양 유황 검정사업을 통해 유황 분포상황을 파악하게 되었고 시기에 맞는 연구를 통하여 유황 비료 시용으로 유황 결핍을 극복할수 있는 비료정책 발전에 기여하게 되었다. 인도네시아에서는 유황 부족 현상은 과석과 유기질 비료 시용에서 중과석과 요소로 대체되면서 진전되었다. 쌀 생산을 위한 국가 계획에 유안을 질소로서 $25\%$ 포함시킨 효과적인 지도 활동으로 좋은 결과를 얻고 있다. 시비관리로 유황 부족 지역에 유황을 시용하는 노력을 지속하고 있다. 쌀 생산을 위한 유황비료 종류, 시용시기 및 위치 등에 관한 연구가 실용적으로 수행되고 있다. 인도네시아에서의 효과적인 종합 양분으로서의 유황 문제 해결은 연구, 지도, 행정 및 산업계의 상호 밀접한 관계를 요구하고 있다. 중국에서는 유황 부족 토양은 대기로의 유황 방출이 감소되고 고농도 비료, 저유황 비료의 시용으로 급격하게 증가되고 있다. 대부분의 중국 토양은 유황 흡수능이 낮아 생산성은 시용 유황 함량에 따라 결정된다. 유황 결핍과 양분으로서의 수지균형 관계를 이해 하므로서 농업에서의 유황 관리 체계 수립이 무엇보다 중요하다.X>$\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$에서는 5.4%로서 가장 낮은 성장을 보였다. 성장률의 전체적인 양상은 노출농도가 증가할수록 성장이 떨어지는 결과를 보였으며, 사료효율과 마찬가지로 노출농도 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$ 이상에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈다.circ}C$에서 각각 3.95-28.9개, 2.9-28.95개 및 1.7-13.6개로 제공된 먹이간에 차이가 현저하였다. 따라서 먹이간 성충 포식량의 현저한 차이는 기주선호성에 따른 것으로 생각된다.군에서 높았으며, elongation index(20:4$\omega$6⇒22:4$\omega$6)는 old군에서 낮았다. 대부분의 elongation과 desaturation 단계는 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나, $\omega$3계 지방산의 전체적 elongation-desaturation 단계를 나타내는 products-fatty acid($\omega$3)/a-LNA($\omega$3) 비율이 old군에서 young군보다 유의하게 높아, 연령에 따른 PUFA 대사의 변화가 관찰되었다. 이 상에서와 같이, 콩 단백질의 섭취로 흰쥐 혈장 인지질의 ∑MUFA조성은 낮고 ∑SFA 조성은 높아 다른 지질 강화성 분의 섭취와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높은 old군에서 체내 막조직의 유동성을 유지하기 위해 PUFA의 합성 특히 $\omega$3계 지방산의 elongation-desaturation이 증가하여 총 PUFA 조성이

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2017

Background: Health care utilizations and costs of the patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease in Korea increased dramatically. We analyzed whether hospital market competition is associated with charges and length of stay for patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease. Methods: We used Medical claims data of 2002 and 2010 from the nationwide representative sample of National Health Insurance Service of Korea. The study subjects were inpatients with degenerative lumbar spine disease (N=24,768) in 2002 and 2010. We employed a multilevel linear mixed model that included patient- and hospital-level variables in hierarchical data. Results: Higher hospital competition was associated with lower charges (${\beta}=57.5$, p<.0001 in 2002; ${\beta}=353.7$, p<.0001 in 2010) and shorter length of stay (${\beta}=0.3$, p<.0001 in 2002; ${\beta}=0.9$, p<.0001 in 2010) in both 2002 and 2010. Compared to 2002, the magnitude of such association became greater in 2010. However, subgroup analyses show that the influence of competition on charges and length of stay differed by hospital size. Conclusions: This study showed that hospital market structure (e.g., hospital competition) affects hospital efficiency (i.e., hospital charges and length of stay). It is necessary to continue to monitor how changing market structure influences hospital outcomes, including more detailed outcomes such as patient satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

An improved unbonded-type column strengthening procedure using wire rope and T-shaped steel plate units was proposed. Eight strengthened columns and an unstrengthened control column were tested under concentric axial load. The main variables considered were the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width and configuration of T-shaped steel plates. Axial load capacity and ductility ratio of columns tested were compared with predictions obtained from the equation specified in ACI 318-05 and those of conventionally tied columns tested by Chung et al., respectively. In addition, a mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the complete stress-strain relationship of concrete confined by the wire rope and T-plate units. Test results showed that the axial load capacity and ductility of columns increased with the increase of the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width of T-plates. In particular, at the same lateral reinforcement index, a much higher ductility ratio was observed in the strengthened columns having the volume ratio of wire rope above 0.0039 than in the tied columns. A mathematical model for the stress-strain relationship of confined concrete using the proposed strengthening procedure is developed. The predicted stress-strain curves were in good agreement with test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1509-1515
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• 2010

In this study, sponge cakes were prepared with substitution of 5, 10, 15, and 20% banana powder. The specific gravity and viscosity tended to increase as the ratio of banana powder increased. The foaming stability was highest at the 10% substitution level. The control group had significantly higher moisture content and volume index than the banana powder samples. The crust color values (a, b) decreased significantly with increased content of banana powder, but the a value increased. Crumb colors values (L, b) decreased as banana powder content increased while the a value increased. In terms of textural characteristics, the samples containing 5, 15, and 20% banana powder had significantly higher hardness than the 0 and 10% samples. Fracturability and resilience were maximal with 15% and 5%, respectively. Adhesiveness and chewiness were not significantly different among the samples. In the sensory evaluation, scores for banana flavor, coarseness, color, flavor, softness, and overall acceptability increased as the level of banana powder content increased. Sweetness was not significantly different among the samples. The control group had significantly higher egg-flavor as compared to the samples containing banana powder. The results indicated that substituting 10% banana powder to sponge cake is optimal for quality and provides a product with reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2016

Osteoporosis is a medical condition of global concern, with increasing incidence in both sexes. Bone mineral density (BMD), a highly heritable trait, has been proven a useful diagnostic factor in predicting fracture. Because medical information is lacking about male osteoporotic genetics, we conducted a genome-wide association study of BMD in Korean men. With 1,176 participants, we analyzed 4,414,664 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after genomic imputation, and identified five SNPs and three loci correlated with bone density and strength. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to adjust for age and body mass index interference. Rs17124500 ($p=6.42{\times}10^{-7}$), rs34594869 ($p=6.53{\times}10^{-7}$) and rs17124504 ($p=6.53{\times}10^{-7}$) in 14q31.3 and rs140155614 ($p=8.64{\times}10^{-7}$) in 15q25.1 were significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD), while rs111822233 ($p=6.35{\times}10^{-7}$) was linked with the femur total BMD (FT-BMD). Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between BMD and five genes previously identified in Korean men. Rs61382873 (p = 0.0009) in LRP5, rs9567003 (p = 0.0033) in TNFSF11 and rs9935828 (p = 0.0248) in FOXL1 were observed for LS-BMD. Furthermore, rs33997547 (p = 0.0057) in ZBTB and rs1664496 (p = 0.0012) in MEF2C were found to influence FT-BMD and rs61769193 (p = 0.0114) in ZBTB to influence femur neck BMD. We identified five SNPs and three genomic regions, associated with BMD. The significance of our results lies in the discovery of new loci, while also affirming a previously significant locus, as potential osteoporotic factors in the Korean male population.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability. Methods: Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 ($79.3{\pm}7.1$ years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference. Results: The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin $B_2$, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~ 0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin $B_2$, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.418-425
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.