• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2000년도 제25회 정기총회 프로그램 제38회 학술발표회 및 특별강연 초록(한국초지학회)
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• pp.118-118
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• 2000

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 1998

백삼(Pampx ginseng C.A. Meyer, 4년근)을 가루로 한 다음 petroleum ether로 24시간 추출 후 감압 농축시켜 인삼 석유에텔추출물(GPE)로 하였다. 이때 GPE의 수율은 평균 2.24%였다. 또한 GPE를 petroleum ether 소량에 녹이고 petroleum ether:ether 용매계열로 silicagel column chromatography에 의한 partition을 실시하여 P1, P2, P3 , P4, P5의 5개의 분획을 얻었다. 본 실험에서는 소핵생성 물질인 N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) 및 benzo(a) pyrene[B(a)P]를 이용하여 소핵생성억제실험을 하였따. 상기의 5가지 분획 중에서 MNU에 대해서는 GPE, P1, P2에서 억제효과가 나타났다. 한편, B(a)P에 대해서는 GPE, P1, P2, P3 , P4, P5 모두에게 억제효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 여러 가지 활성을 보인 분획 중에서 여러 가지 양성대조물질들에 대해서 가장 두드러져 보이는 것은 P2였다. P2는 MNU, B(a)P 모두에 대해서 GPE와 유사한 억제경향을 보이면서 억제활성은 크게 나타난T다. EK라서 P2가 GPE가 보이는 소핵생성억제효과에 깊은 관련이 있는 물질로 판단되었다. 이와 같은 유전독성억제효과의 작용기전을 알기 위하여 B(a)P의 대사에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과 GPE와 P2는 S-9 mix에 의해 유도된 B(a)P 대사를 억제시켰으며, DNA-B(a)P binding도 감소시켰다. 한편, MNU에 의한 DNA binding 과 O6-methyl guanine 및 7-methyl guanine 생성에 있어서도 억제적인 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 GPE와 P2는 B(a)P와 같은 2차 발암 물질과 MNU와 같은 알킬화제에 의한 유전독성을 활성대사억제 및 methylation 억제 , DNA binding 억제 등의 기전으로 감소시키고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편, 소핵생성억제 효과에서 가장 활성이 좋았던 P2를 NMR과 GC/MS결과, aliphatic ketone류의 혼합물로서 주성분은 분질량 330과 386의 두 개 물질이 함유되어 있는 혼합물이었으며 향후 계속적으로 분리 동정이 필요한 물질이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2001

To investigate C and N metabolisms in response to potassium-deficient stress during regrowth of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.), C and N metabolites were analyzed at day 0 (cutting date), 6, 12 and 24 days after defoliation. K-sufficient (control, +K) and K-absent (-K) nutrition solutions were applied from 7 days before defoliation, and continued for one cycle of 24 days-regrowth period. During 24 days of regrowth dry matter of regrowing shoots and remaining tissues were not significantly different between +K and -K treatment. In remaining stubble, all C compounds in both +K and -K treatment largely decreased (69% to 84% of the initial level) during the first 6 days of regrowth, and then rapidly recovered. The decline of soluble sugars and fructan in roots for the first 6 days much less in the -K medium. Amino acids, soluble and insoluble proteins in stubble also feel down during the first 6 days, thereafter actively replenished in both +K and -K treatment. The decline of nitrate in stubble prolonged to 12 days of regrowth. Initial amounts of all N compounds in roots were significantly lower in the -K medium. Higher accumulation of amino acids and soluble protein in roots in the -K medium was observed after 12 days of regrowth. In regrowing shoots, 3 all carbohydrates increased with a very similar pattern for both treatments. Nitrate was not significantly different between two treatments. Depress of soluble protein accumulation in -K medium was noteworthy after 12 days of regrowth. These results indicated that an active utilization of organic reserves occurred to support regrowth even under K deficient condition with a similar extent with K sufficient condition.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral physiology during heart surgery remains incompletely understood. This study was carried out to investigate changes of cerebral metabolism and the association between the changes and clinical factors during heart surgery. Seventy adult patients (n=70) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were participated in the present study. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (V$_{MCA}$), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O$_2$), cerebral oxygen extraction (COE), and modified cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (MCMRO$_2$) were measured during six phases of the operation; Pre-CPB, CPB-10 min, Rewarm-1 (nasopharyngeal temperature 34$^{\circ}C$), Rewarm-2 (nasopharyngeal temperature 37$^{\circ}C$), CPB-off, and Post-OP (at skin closure after CPB-off). Each relationship of age, arterial blood gas parameters, or other variables to V$_{MCA}2$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$ was evaluated. V$_{MCA}$ increased (P<0.0001) whereas C(a-v)O$_2$ decreased (P<0.01) throughout the five phases of the operation compared to Pre-CPB value (control). COE diminished at CPB-10, Rewarm-1, and CPB-off (P<0.05) while MCMRO$_2$ reduced at CPB-10 and Rewarm-1 (P<0.05) compared to Pre-CPB value. Positive correlation was found between age and cerebral metabolic parameters (V$_{MCA}$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$) during CPB (range r=0.24 to 0.38, p<0.05). Four cerebral metabolic parameters had partially negative or positive correlation with arterial blood gas parameters and other variables (arterial blood pH, $O_2$ tension, $O_2$ content, $CO_2$ tension, blood pressure, blood flow, temperature, or hematocrit) during the operation. In conclusion, CPB led to marked alterations of cerebral metabolism and age, pH, and $CO_2$ tension profoundly influenced the changes during cardiac surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1989

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heat exposure on water metabolism and the passage of indigestible particles in sheep. Water intake, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and pH of ruminal fluid and urine were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the hot environment ($32\;^{\circ}C$) than in the control environment ($20\;^{\circ}C$). Urine osmolality and blood volume were increased, while glomerular filtration rate was decreased, in the hot environment. The liquid flow rate from reticulo-rumen and the excretion of indigestible particles of specific gravity 0.99 (but not 1.27 or 1.38) were increased in the hot environment. From these findings, it is suggested that an increased water intake evoked by heat exposure might affect the flow rate of digesta in sheep.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1080-1084
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• 1999

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance technique was used to determine energy balance in Rhode Island Red (RIR) and White Leghorn (WL) laying hens fed maize-and broken rice (BR)- based diets. Carbon and nitrogen intake and outgo were determined for three days on ad libitum fed diets followed by 2/3 of ad libitum intake for next three days. Carbon analysis was done by using four 'U' tubes in which carbon dioxide released during bomb calorimetry was absorbed on drierite in tube 1 and 2 whereas tube 3 and 4 contained sodalime self indicating granule. Carbon in $CO_2$ was determined by an open circuit respiration system. Energy retention (E, kcal) was calculated as E = 12.386 C (g) - 4.631 N (g). By regressing metabolisable energy (ME) intake on energy balance, maintenance ME requirement of RIR was 128 whereas, that of WL hens was $144kcal/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$. Effciency of utilization of ME for maintenance from BR-based diet in RIR hens was equal but in WL hens it was 11% less than maize-based diet.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.654-666
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• 2018

본 연구는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 식이 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율(n-6/n-3 0, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1)이 지질대사의 생화학적 메카니즘을 구명하였다. 혈액 중성지방은 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15;1, 30:1 처리군에서 22.21%, 총콜레스테롤 20.60%, LDL-C 52.96%, 혈당 15.71%, ALT 11.97%, AST 9.13%, 인슐린 37.57%, 렙틴 45.98% 낮아졌으나, HDL-C 28.38%, 인지질 80.39% 증가하였고, 특히 4:1 처리군에서 가장 큰 효과가 나타났다. 간 조직에서 SREPB-$1{\alpha}$, SREPB-2 mRNA는 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 처리군에서 하향조절 하였으나 PPARs 그리고 지방조직의 LPL-mRNA는 상향조절 하였다. 간 조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 n-6/n-3 비율 30:1, 대조군, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮아졌고, 지방조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 대조군, 30:1, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮았다. 결과는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 오메가 6와 오메가 3 지방산 비율, 특히 4:1을 함유하는 식이를 급여하면 혈액 유해 지질, 간 기능 효소, 렙틴, 인슐린, 간과 지방조직의 유전자 발현 조절을 통하여 건강을 유지할 수 있다는 새로운 사실을 발견하였다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1974

생쥐 小腸의 deoxycytidine-2-$^14 C$ (CdR-2-$^14 C$)와 deoxyuridine-2-$^14 C$ (UdR-2-$^14 C$)의 代謝를 관계酵素의 熱處理에 대한 영향과 관련해서 in vitro에서 고찰하였다. CdR-2-$^14 C$는 CdR-aminohydrolase의 作用에 의해서 먼저 nucleoside level에 급속히 deamination된 후, nucleosidase의 作用에 의해 uracil로 分解된다. 생쥐 小腸에서는 nucleosidase 가 CdR과 CR에는 親和力이 없기 때문에 이들 cytosine nucleoside의 N-pentose 結合을 分解하지 못하는 것으로 보인다. CdR-aminohydrolase는 $80^\\circ C$ 높은 不活性化溫度를 나타냈으며, 이에 반해서 nucleosidase는 $60^\\circ C$에서 不活性化가 되었다. 品種이 다른 생쥐의 여러 組織에 있는 CdR-aminohydrolase는 모두 $80^\\circ C$에서 不活性化됨이 관찰되었으나, 토끼 組織에서는 $80^\\circ C$에서도 不活性化가 일어나지 않는 점으로 미루어 不活性化溫度에는 "屬"特異性이 있는 것으로 짐작된다. 哺乳類의 分化된 組織에서 CdR-aminohydrolase 가 出現하는 生物學的 意味는 주로 分解過程과 有關한 것으로 생각된다. 것으로 생각된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2009

Silibinin is a polyphenolic flavonoid compound isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with known hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant effects. Herein, we show that silibinin inhibits receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells as well as from bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silibinin has no effect on the expression of RANKL or the soluble RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblasts. However, we demonstrate that silibinin can block the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in osteoclast precursors in response to RANKL. Furthermore, silibinin attenuates the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) expression during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We demonstrate that silibinin can inhibit $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced osteoclastogenesis as well as the expression of NFATc1 and OSCAR. Taken together, our results indicate that silibinin has the potential to inhibit osteoclast formation by attenuating the downstream signaling cascades associated with RANKL and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2011

The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were extracted with 30% aqueous ethanol (EtOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the $CHCl_3$ fraction, four flavonoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$), octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies (c.c.). According to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as glabrol (1), abyssinone II (2), glabridin (3), and isoliquiritigenin (4). The flavonoids were evaluated for cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, SK-OV-3, SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and SK-MEL-5. Especially, glabrol (1) and glabridin (2) showed $IC_{50}$ values of lower than $25{\mu}M$.