• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1385-1392
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• 2011

It is well known that both insulin-like growth factor-I and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) are known to modulate various aspects of physiology in skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, although SOCS-3 expression is related to insulin resistance in non-skeletal muscle cells and is known to interact with insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, the effect of IGF-I on SOCS-3 gene expression in skeletal muscle cells is presently unknown. C2C12 myotubes were treated with different concentrations (0-200 ng/ml) of IGF-I or for various periods of time (3-72 hr). Immunofluorescent staining image revealed that IGF-I induced SOCS-3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot data also showed that SOCS-3 proteins were induced by IGF-I (200 ng/ml) in C2C12 myotubes in a time-dependent manner. The level of SOCS-3 mRNA was also significantly increased after 3hr of IGF-I (10-100 ng/ml) treatment. However, the levels of SOCS-3 mRNA were significantly decreased after 24 and 48 hr of IGF-I (10-100 ng/ml) treatment compared to the control. In conclusion, SOCS-3 protein is induced by IGF-I treatment in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and this induction is regulated pretranslationally. The modulating effect of IGF-I on SOCS-3 expression may be an important regulator of gene expression in skeletal muscle cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 1996

Damage produced by radiation elicits a complex response in mammalian cells, including growth rate changes and the induction of a variety of genes associated with growth control and apoptosis. At doses of 10,000 cGy or greater, the exposed individual was killed in a matter of minutes to a couple of days, with symptoms consistent with pathology of the central nervous system(CNS) including degenerative changes. The nature of the damage in irradiated cells underlies the unique hazards of ionizing radiation. Radiation injury to CNS is a rare event in clinical medicine, but it is catastrophic for the patient in whom it occurs. The incidence of cerebral necrosis has been reported as high as 16% for doses greater than 6,000 cGy. In this study, the effect of radiation on brain tissue was studied in vivo. Jun and p53 genes in the rat brain were induced by whole body irradiation of rat with 600Co in doses between 1 Gy and 100 Gy and analyzed for expression of jun and p53 genes at the postirradiation time up to 6 hours. Northern analyses were done using 1.8 Kb & 0.8 Kb-pGEM-2-JUN/Eco RI/Pst I fragments, 2.0 Kb-php53B/Bam HI fragment and ,1.1 Kb-pBluescript SK--ACTIN/Eco RI fragment as the digoxigenin or [${\alpha}^{32}P$] dCTPlabeled probes for Jun, p53 and ${\beta}$-actin genes, respectively. Jun gene seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 30 Gy. Jun was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 1 Gy and 10 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 20 Gr and 100 Gy, the expression of Jun was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. p53 gene in this study also seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 1 Gy, p53 was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 1 Gy and 40 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, the expression of p53 was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. The expression of Jun and p53 genes was not correlative in the brain tissue from rats. It seemed to be very important for the establishment of the optimum conditions for the animal studies relevant to the responses of genes inducible on DNA damage to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. But there are many limitations to the animal studies such as the ununiform patterns of gene expression from the tissue because of its complex compositions. It is necessary to overcome the limitations for development of in situ Northern analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2018

This study examined the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in red seabream Pagrus major infected by the, acanthocephalan parasites Longicollum pagrosomi. We cloned the full-length Hsp70 cDNA from the liver of the red seabream. The full-length cDNA had a 1,950 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a protein of 650 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Hsp70 contained all of the conserved Hsp70 family signature sequences and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding motif, including the EEVD (consensus sequence that terminates in Hsp70 family) consensus sequence. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was upregulated int the fish head-kidney and liver, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. We quantified the Hsp70 mRNA expression in normal red seabream and fish infected fish by L. pagrosomi. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher in the infected red seabream. These results suggest that Hsp70 play a role of protection against stress and inflammation caused by the parasite and may help maintain homeostasis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

By a cDNA array representing 2308 signal transduction related genes, we studied the expression profiles of HeLa cells stably transfected by Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B (HCV-NS4B). The alterations of the expression of four genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; and the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (AKR1C1) enzyme activity was detected in HCV-NS4B transiently transfected HeLa cells and Huh-7, a human hepatoma cell line. Of the 2,308 genes we examined, 34 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. These 90 genes involved oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cell receptors, complements, adhesions, transcription and translation, cytoskeletion and cellular stress. The expression profiling suggested that multiple regulatory pathways were affected by HCV-NS4B directly or indirectly. And since these genes are related to carcinogenesis, host defense system and cell homeostatic mechanism, we can conclude that HCV-NS4B could play some important roles in the pathogenesis mechanism of HCV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1925-1929
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• 2014

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which contributes to lymphatic metastasis (LM) in malignant disease, is one of the most important factors involved in physical and pathological lymphangiogenesis. Some VEGF-C related factors such as sine oculis homeobox homolog (SIX) 1, contactin (CNTN) 1 and dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) 6 have been extensively studied in malignancies, but their expression levels and associations have still to be elucidated in stomach cancer. Methods: We detected their expression levels in 30 paired stomach cancer tissues using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression and clinical significance of each factor was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. The correlation among all the factors was performed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: The results suggest that VEGF-C and CNTN1 are significantly correlated with tumor size, SIX1 with the age and CNTN1 also with the cTNM stage. There are significant correlations of expression levels among VEGF-C, SIX1, CNTN1 and DUSP6. Conclusions: There exists an important regulatory crosstalk involving SIX1, VEGF-C, CNTN1 and DUSP6 in stomach cancer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

There is considerable evidence that ionizing radiation (IR) mediates checkpoint control, repair and cell death. In this study, we have used a high density microarray hybridization approach to characterize the transcriptional response of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line to ${\gamma}$-radiation, such as 4 Gy 4 hr, 8 Gy 4 hr, and 8 Gy 12 hr. We found that exposure to ${\gamma}$-ray alters by at least a $log_2$ factor of 1.0 the expression of 115 known genes. Of the 66 genes affected by ${\gamma}$-radiation, 49 are down-regulated. In our results, the cellular response to irradiation includes induction of the c-jun and EGR1 early response genes. The present work has examined potential cytoplasmic signaling cascades that transduce IR-induced signals to the nucleus. 40S ribosomal protein s6 kinase modulates the activities of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK1) cascades in human monocytic leukemia (U937/pREP4) cells. 14-3-3 family members are dimeric phosphoserine -binding proteins that participate in signal transduction and checkpoint control pathways.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of water extract of Cervi Parvum Cornu(CPC), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata(ALR), and Yongbu-tang(YBT) on suppression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Methods : The effects of CPC, ALR, YBT extracts on osteoclast differentiation were determined by culture of bone marrow macrophage(BMM). The mRNA expression levels of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1), c-Fos and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) in BMMs were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Similarly, the protein expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)s and ${\beta}$-actin in cell lysates were measured by western blotting. In addition, effects of CPC, ALR and YBT extracts were determined by means of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced bone-loss with mice. Results : CPC, ALR and YBT extracts showed remarkable inhibition on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation without cytotoxicity. CPC and ALR extracts significantly reduced the protein expression level of NFATc1. YBT extract significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of c-Fos, NFATc1 and the protein expression levels of c-Fos, NFATc1, AKT, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK). Further, YBT extract suppressed degradation of$ I-{\kappa}B$. And ALR extract significantly restored the bone erosion by LPS treatment in mice. Conclusions : YBT extract showed more remarkable inhibition on osteoclast differentiation than CPC and ALR extracts in vitro. ALR extract showed remarkable inhibition on bone resorption in vivo. Thus, YBT extract can be a useful treatment for bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

We performed the cloning of a chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, the key enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis, from the cDNA library constructed with grape suspension cells irradiated UV-B. The PCR fragment was used to cloning the CHS gene. One CHS cDNA clone containing an open reading frame and a partial stilbene synthase (STS)cDNA, the stilbene-type phytoalexin, were isolated. The CHS cDNA clone (VCHS) showed 87% sequence homology with VvCHS (V.vinifea) and 72.3% identity with VSTSY(V.vinifea). its amino acid sequences were longer than any other CHS genes as 454 residues. Two genes were weakly expressed in white light irradiated cells, but highly induced in UV-B irradiated condition during 32 hours. Interestingly, the STS was quickly and abundantly expressed from 2 hours when supplemented with jasmonic acid (JA) and the maximum expression was observed at 4 hours and then gradually decreased. But, the additional UV-B or white light quickly degraded the STS expression than only JA treated grape suspension cells. The CHS also was rapidly induced with JA and the synergistical effect was observed at the addigional light treatment of UV-B or white light. These results are indicated that CHS and STS have different response mechanisms against the environmental stresses.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1997

It is becoming increasingly evident that significant changes in gene expression occur during the course of neuronal differentiation. Thus, it should be possible to gain information about the biochemical events by identifying differentially expressed genes in neuronal differentiation The PC12 cell line is a useful model system to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying neuronal differentiation and has been used extensively for the study of the molecular events that underlie the biological actions of nerve growth factor (NGF). In this study, we report an application of the recently described mRNA differential display method to analyze differential gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Using this technique, we have identified several cDNA tags expressed differentially during neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, one of these clones was cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I) gene. The differential expression of COX I gene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis as well as RT-PCR. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA of PC12 cells revealed that COX I is a single gene. Induction of the oxidative enzyme might reflect the energy requirement in neuronal differentiation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2005

Object:The intracellular action of the antidepressant, venlafaxine, was studied in C6-gliomas using heat shock protein 70(HSP70) immunocytochemistry and HSP70 Western blots because HSP70 is associated with stress and depression. Methods:To examine how the glucocorticoid affects the expression of HSP70 in nerve cells, the rat C6 glioma cell was treated with dexamethasone for 6 hours. In addition, venlafaxine was administered to the experimental groups of C6 glioma cells for 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours each, after which the expression of HSP70 was investigated. Finally, venlafaxine and dexamethasone were simultaneously administered to the experimental groups for 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, followed by an investigation of the expression of HSP70. Results:The short term(1 hour) venlafaxine treatment significantly increased the level of HSP70 expression. The short term treatment of venlafaxine with dexamethasone also increased the level of HSP70 expression but this reduction was not statistically significant. The long term(72 hours) venlafaxine with dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced the level of HSP70 expression. The long term treatment of venlafaxine also reduced the level of HSP70 expression but this reduction was not statistically significant. Dexamethasone(10uM, 6hours) did not affect the level of HSP70 expression compared with controls. Conclusion:Venlafaxine increases the expression of HSP70 at short term treatment, but prolonged treatment with dexamethasone suppresses the expression of HSP70.