• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil zone temperature on the growth responses of two grapevine varieties. Campbell Early was cultivated under unprotected environment and Black Olympia was cultivated in the greenhouse. As responses, growth, photosynthetic rate and contents of mineral elements as affected by four different soil zone temperatures (10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$)were examined. Weights of leaves, stems and roots were higher at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ than at 10 or 15$^{\circ}C$ root zone temperature in both varieties. Chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate were the greatest at 2$0^{\circ}C$ root zone temperature. Contents of phosphate, potassium, and calcium increased with increasing root zone temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Combustion experiments were conducted at three different fuels ($CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$) to investigate the effects of combustor pressure (30 ~ -30 kPa) on combustion charateristics and reaction zone structure. Regardless of the fuels, emission index of CO (EICO) increased with decreasing combustor pressure, and EICO of $C_2H_4$ was mostly affected by changing combustor pressure at subatmospheric pressure. In order to observe reaction zone, $OH^*$, $CH^*$ and ${C_2}^*$ chemiluminescence intensity were measured. The sequence of the chemiluminescence intensity peak position was affected by chemical characteristics of fuels rather than changing combustor pressure. The emission zone thickness of $C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$, defined by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of $CH^*$ intensity profile, were increased with decreasing combustor pressure. however, the thickness of $C_2H_4$ exhibited the opposite tendency due to the characteristics of the fuel as the bond structure.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

SM45C steel rods being used generally for power transmission shafts and machine components was selected and welded by Butt-GMAW(Gas Metal Arc Welding) method. An estimation of fatigue life was studied by constructing S-N curve. Fatigue strength of base metal zone showed higher values than one of weld zone in low cycles between $10^4$ and $10^6$cycles. However, significant decrease in fatigue strength of base metal was found around $10^6$cycles, which were almost same as one of heat affected zone. This decrease was attributed that initial residual stress of the steel rods distributed by drawing process was diminished by continually applied load, and resulted in softening of base metal. The fatigue limit of the weld zone was highest in the boundary between deposited metal zone and heat affected zone, and followed by in the order of deposited metal zone, base metal zone, and heat affected zone. Based on these results, it is revealed that the stress for safety design of machine components using SM45C butt-welded steel rods must be selected within the region of the lowest fatigue limit of heat affected zone.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 1995

Reaction coulples of SiC with cobalt were annealed in an Ar/4 vol% $H_2$ atmosphere at temperatures between $950^{\circ}C$ and $1250^{\circ}C$for various times between 4 and 100 h. At temperatures above $950^{\circ}C$, solid state reactions lead to the formation of various silicides with carbon precipitates. The typical reaction layer sequence was $SiC/CoSi + C/CozSi + C/CozSi/CozSi + C/{\cdot\cdot\}/CO_2Si/CO$ in the reaction zone. The mechanism of the periodic band structure formation with the carbon precipitation behaviour was examined and discussed in terms of reaction kinetics and thermodynamic considerations. The growth of the reaction zone has a square root of time dependence. The reaction kinetics is proposed to estimate the effective reaction constant from the parabolic gowth of the reaction zone. The mechanical properties of the reaction zones were determined by the microhardness test.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2006

A potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Superior) cultivar was grown in aeroponic cultivation system to investigate the effect of root zone cooling in summer. Based on their nutrient uptake, growth responses, and tuberization, the possibilities for potato seed production were determined. Although shoot growth and early tuberization increased in the conventional non-cooling root zone system (root zone temperature of $25\pm2^{\circ}C$), stolen growth, photosynthesis, transpiration rate and number of tubers produced were higher in the cooling root zone system ($20\pm2^{\circ}C$) than in the non-cooling system. Increasing root zone temperature above $25^{\circ}C$ stimulated absorption of K more than T-N, P, Ca, Fe and Mn. On the other hand, root zone temperatures in the range of $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ did not affect Mg contents. The lower uptake and supply to leaves of T-N, Fe and Mn at the high root zone temperature promoted early tuberization and advanced haulm senescence. The results stress the importance of keeping root zone temperature to as low as below 20, particularly in summer under temperate Bone.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the cooling efficiency and growth of tomatoes by root zone cooling device using a pad-box and cultivated system. The structure of the root zone cooling system using a pad-box was four piece of pads bonded an the side and a fan set at the bottom. Cool wind was generated by the outside air which was punched at intervals of 10 cm along three rows. Cold wind flowed to the root zone in the culture medium. The root zone cooling efficiency of cold wind generation by using a pad-box flowing through a wet-pad was determined. Major characteristic of this cuttural system consist of bed filled with a perlite medium and a ventilation pipe using PVC. The cold wind generation by a pad box (CWP) was compared to that of cold wind generation by a radiator (CWR), cold water circulation using a XL-pipe (CWX) and the control (non-cooling). When the temperature of water supplied was 16.2-18.4$^{\circ}C$, temperatures in the medium were 20.5~23.2$^{\circ}C$ for CWP 22.7~24.2$^{\circ}C$ for CWR, 22.8~24.27$^{\circ}C$ for CWX and 23.1~-29.6$^{\circ}C$ for the control. The results show that the cold wind temperature using the pad-box was lower by 1~2$^{\circ}C$ than that of cold water circulation in the XL-pipe and lower by 5~6$^{\circ}C$ than that of the control. Growth such as leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight, was greater in three root zone cooling methods than in the control. Root activity was higher in the rat zone cooling methods than in the control. However, there was no significant difference among root zone cooling methods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of root zone temperature during the night on absorption of mineral nutrients, growth, and fruit yield of the truss-limited hydroponic tomatoes in winter. The root zone temperature was either controlled to 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$, or left uncontrolled at ambient temperatures. Temperature of the covered beds rose as root zone temperature was raised, but it in all treatments was less than 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than that in the control. Raising root zone temperature, except $25^{\circ}C$, showed positive effect on plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, and plant fresh and dry weight, but not on T/R ratio which was the greatest in the control. Root activity in all treatments except $25^{\circ}C$ increased as compared to the control. Mean fruit weight, fruit count per plant, and fruit yield were the greatest in 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment. Root zone temperature did not significantly affect the contents of total nitrate and magnesium in leaves, stems and roots. Concentrations of phosphate and calcium increased in leaves and stems, but decreased in roots as root zone temperature increased. Overall, 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment gave the greatest growth and energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2693-2701
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• 2010

Coastal Zone is a integrated space including both coastal waters and inland. C.Z.M is a strategic practice system which can integrate and coordinate the coastal zone for preserving and making use of coastal resources. Through foreign and domestic C.Z.M Cases, this study analyzes the operating mechanism in the three aspects: role sharing among the administrative agencies, mediation and cooperation among the interested parties, and inducements of voluntary participation. And it achieves the common characteristics of C.Z.M: building the assessment system for establishing desirable policy directions, the stable support system for sustainable coastal management, the mediation system for cooperation of stakeholder, and the education system for reinforcing the management ability and inducing the voluntary participation. Finally it suggests the implications to build the coastal zone management system properly on the basis of common values in this mechanism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6005-6008
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• 2014

Aim: To compare recurrence rates of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) with those of contour-loop excision of the transformation zone (C-LETZ) in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 177 patients treated consecutively by LLETZ and C-LETZ for CIN at Rajavithi Hospital between 2006 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 87 women in the C-LETZ group, 2 cases (2.30%) had recurrence compared with 13 cases (14.4%) of the 90 women in the LLETZ group, the higher recurrence rate in the latter being statistically significant (p<0.05). Median times of follow up in the C-LETZ and LLETZ groups were 12 months and 14 months respectively (p>0.05). The C-LETZ group showed less intraoperative bleeding compared to the LLETZ group, but the rate of achievement of single specimens and positive margins were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the superiority of C-LETZ over LLETZ in terms of efficacy; C-LLETZ is associated with a lower recurrence rate and also carries a smaller risk of intraoperative bleeding than LLETZ. The rotating technique still has a potential role in treating precancerous lesions of the cervix.

• Vending industry
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• v.7 no.1 s.19
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• pp.80-81
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• 2007

미래C&B가 최근 다양한 이이템들은 시장에 선보이며 업계에 주목을 받고 있다. 중소기업 기반이 취약해져 신규아이템에 대한 투자의지가 전반적으로 위축되었기 때문일까. 공격적인 제품 마케팅 정책을 펼치는 미래C&B의 최근 행보는 단연 두드러져 보인다. 이런 미래C&B에서 최근 웰빙 관련 자판기를 출시했다. 기존 안마자판기 시장의 대체수요를 겨냥하고 개발한 웰빙 캡슐 $O^2$ZONE이 바로 그 것. 뛰어난 제품 성능으로 무장한 이 자판기가 과연 얼마만큼 시장 반향을 불러일으킬지가 큰 관심사이다. 캡슐 $O^2$ZONE을 중심으로 미래C&B의 최근 사업행보를 살펴봤다.