• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1969

Skin temperatures on 10 sites and rectal temperature at every 10 minutes, oxygen consumption at every 20 minutes were measured on 18 male subjects (ages between 14 and 47 years) after exposure to cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ for two hours in a climatic room. Total body fat measured by means of a skinfold method and ratio of body surface area (S) to body volume (V), S/V, were utilized as basis of observations. Surface area was calculated after DuBois equation and body volume was calculated by our original formula. In influencing on the heat loss from the body core to the cold environment, % fat showed inverse relations, whereas, S/V ratio showed direct relations. Thus these two factors acted antagonistically on the body heat loss. Local skin temperatures showed negative correlations with skinfold thickness on the same site, nemaly, on chest, r=-.567; on back, r=-.507; and on upper arm, r=-.353. The other 7 skin sites showed low correlations with % fat. Minimum mean weighted skin temperature (MWST) showed a negative correlation (r=-.443) with % fat, and showed no correlation with S/V ratio. Oxygen consumption in the cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ increased from the first measurement at 20 minutes after exposure and maintained the same increasing trend up to 120 minutes. ${\Delta}T_R$ was greater in tile lean subjects who showed a greater % change in oxygen consumption. The antagonistic actions of % fat and S/V ratio on the heat loss were manifested by observations as follows: minimum rectal temperature was higher In fat subjects (r=.600) and lower in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (=-.582), ${\Delta}T_R$ was smaller in fat subjects (r=-.738) and greater in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (r=.618). Temperature difference between body core and skin surface (minimum rectal temperature minus minimum MWST) showed a positive correlation with % fat (r=.600) and a negative correlation with S/V ratio (r=-.881). Decrease in the mean body temperature and heat debt, respectively, showed negative correlations with % fat and positive correlations with S/V ratio.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.832-838
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• 2004

본 연구는 성인 비만 여성을 대상으로 45일 동안$\beta$-cyclodextrin을 함유하는 다이어트 식품(antifat diets)의 섭취시 체중， 비만도, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 신체둘레 및 혈액지질수준의 변화를 관찰하였다. Antifat diet섭취 전과 비교하였을 때 antifat diets 섭취 후 체중 3 kg 감소, 비만도 5% 감수 체질량지수 1 kg/$m^2$ 감소, 체지방율 7% 감소가 실제측정치로써 나타났으며, 이를 감소율로써 나타냈을 때 체중 4%, 비만도 13%, 체질량지수 4%, 체지방율 20%의 감소효과가 있었으며 통계적 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). Antifat diets섭취 전과 비교하였을 때 antifat diets 섭취 후 상위 팔둘레 3 cm 감소, 허리둘레 3 cm 감소, 엉덩이 둘레 3 cm 감소 및 허벅지 둘레 3 cm가 실제 측정치로서 감소하였고, 이를 감소율로써 나타냈을 때 상위팔둘레 8%, 허리둘레 3.4%, 엉덩이둘레 3% 및 허벅지둘레 5%의 감소효과를 보였으며 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). Antifat diets를 45일간 섭취하였을 경우 antifat diets 섭취 전에 비하여 중성지방 103 mg/dL감소, 총콜레스테롤 50 mg/dL 감소, LDL-C 50 mg/dL 감소가 실제 측정치로써 나타났으며, 이를 감소율로서 나타냈을 때 중성 지 방 40%, 총콜레스테롤 24%, LDL-C 37% 및 동맥경화지수 31%까지 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 $\beta$-cyclodextrin이 비만방지 및 과체중 조절을 위한 새로운 다이어트 식음소재로서 충분히 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1332-1335
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• 2001

Acase of malignant schwannoma in the cervico-thoracic region with lung metastasis is presented. The patient was 55-year-old man presented with right arm weakness. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated lobulated enhancing soft tissue masses in spinal canal, neural foramen and right paraspinal space at C7-T1 level compressing the dural sac and spinal cord. Subtotal removal was performed and histological diagnosis of malignant schwannoma was made. Reoperation due to recurrence was done but subsequent metastasis to lung was observed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2013

Purpose: Cold hypersensitivity is regarded to be associated with blood circulation. This study is aims to evaluate the effects and safety of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity by comparing the temperature and Visual Analogue Scale. Methods: 42 outpatients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than $0.3^{\circ}C$ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. 42 outpatients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity are divided into two groups, one is the experimental group consisted of 21 patients and other was control group consisted of 21 patients. The experimental group had oxygen chamber therapy 10 times for 4 weeks. Thereafter the effects of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity was analyzed with t-text using SPSS for Windows version 21. Results: After the oxygen chamber therapy, experimental group had considerable improvement on cold hypersensitivity, in consequence of decreasing rate of thermal difference and VAS of cold hypersensitivity. Ear deafness and hand numbness were reported as an adverse effects in experimental group, but there was no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed oxygen chamber therapy could be effective and safe to reduce cold hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2016

To describe the details of the foraminoplastic superior vertebral notch approach (FSVNA) with reamers in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and to demonstrate the clinical outcomes in limited indications of PELD. Retrospective data were collected from 64 patients who underwent PELD with FSVNA from August 2012 to April 2014. Inclusion criteria were high grade migrated disc, high canal compromised disc, and disc protrusion combined with foraminal stenosis. The clinical outcomes were assessed using by the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and modified MacNab criteria. Complications related to the surgery were reviewed. The procedure used a unique approach, using the superior vertebral notch as the target and performing foraminoplasty with only reamers under C-arm control. The mean age of the 55 female and 32 male patients was 52.73 years. The mean F/U period was $12.2{\pm}4.2$ months. Preoperative VAS ($8.24{\pm}1.25$) and ODI ($67.8{\pm}15.4$) score improved significantly at the last follow-up (VAS, $1.93{\pm}1.78$; ODI, $17.14{\pm}15.7$). Based on the modified MacNab criteria, excellent or good results were obtained in 95.3% of the patients. Postoperative transient dysthesia (n=2) and reoperation (n=1) due to recurred disc were reported. PELD with FSVNA could be a good method for treating lumbar disc herniation. This procedure may offer safe and efficacious results, especially in the relatively limited indications for PELD.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the measurement differences of simple radiographs according to radiation projection angle using a phantom and to propose methods for objective analysis of simple radiographs. Materials and Methods: We took simple radiographs with different projection angles using a C-arm image intensifier and measured five parameters of the foot on the simple radiographic images. Five parameters include lateral tibiocalcaneal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were verified, and then intraclass correlations of parameters were analyzed. Results: Radiographic parameters of the foot showed high intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Lateral tibiocalcaneal angle has a strong negative linear relationship with rotation and a moderate negative linear relationship with tilt. Lateral talocalcaneal angle has a moderate positive linear relationship with rotation and a strong positive linear relationship with tilt. Naviculocuboid overlap has a strong positive linear relationship with rotation and a moderate positive linear relationship with tilt. Lateral talo-first metatarsal angle does not have a linear relationship with rotation and a moderate negative linear relationship with tilt. Lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle has a moderate positive linear relationship with rotation and tilt. Conclusion: More precise evaluation of the foot with a simple radiograph can be performed by understanding the changes of radiographic parameters according to radiation projection angle.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2000

Background: Superior hypogastric plexus block has been advocated as a useful technique for the treatment of cancer related pelvic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neurolytic trans-intervertebrodiscal superior hypogastric plexus block for pelvic cancer pain. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with gynecologic, colorectal or genitourinary cancer who suffered intractable pain were studied. We performed superior hypogastric plexus block by trans-intervertebrodiscal approach at L5/S1 level under the C-arm fluoroscopic guide unilaterally or bilaterally. Ten ml of 100% dehydrated alcohol was injected through each needle. We evaluated the change of visual analog pain score (VAS; 0~100 mm) and daily dose of oral morphine sulphate at the time of pre-block and 7 days after the block. Results: Fourteen patients (50%) had satisfactory pain relief (VAS<30) while five patients (18%) had moderate pain control (VAS 30~60). The remaining nine patients (32%) had mild or little pain relief (VAS>60) and their daily oral morphine doses were above 160 mg. Additional pain control method may be needed for those patients who received high dose of opioid before neurolytic block. Conclusions: We conclude trans-intervertebrodiscal neurolytic superior hypogastric plexus block was effective in relieving pelvic cancer pain. Neurolytic block, earlier stage, may provide better effects for more comfortable life at the end stage for cancer patients.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2009

필리핀은 많은 섬들로 이루어진 국가로 물 뿐만 아니라 각종 자연환경이 풍부한 국가이나, 금세기 들어 필리핀의 농업활동 및 빠른 도시화로 인한 도시 및 산업지역으로부터 야기되는 수질오염이 심각해지고 있다. 필리핀 국가 환경관리국은 수질 모니터링과 수계오염원인 조사 등을 책임지고 있는 최고의 국가기관으로 수질오염원 원인분석과 해결방안을 모색하기 위하여 다양한 노력을 하고 있다. 그러나 DO, BOD, TSS, TDS, 중금속, coliform 등에 대해 년간 4회 이상의 모니터링 수행과정을 통해 수질관리를 하고 있기에 수질개선에 애로사항이 많다. 현재 필리핀의 각종 수질은 도시하수, 산업폐수, 농업폐수 및 비점오염원에 의해 영향을 많이 받고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 도시 하수관거의 불량도 수질에 크게 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 목적은 필리핀의 수질오염원인 및 정도를 분석하고 그 결과를 제시함으로써 향후 국가적으로 관심을 가져야 할 분야가 어디인지를 명시하기 위하여 수행되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.248-251
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• 2011

Objective : In the field of spinal surgery, a few laboratory results or clinical cases about robotic spinal surgery have been reported. In vivo trials and development of related surgical instruments for spinal surgery are required before its clinical application. We investigated the use of the da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System in spinal surgery at the craniovertebral junction in a human cadaver to demonstrate the efficacy and pitfalls of robotic surgery. Methods : Dissection of pharyngeal wall to the exposure of C1 and odontoid process was performed with full robotic procedure. Although assistance of another surgeon was necessary for drilling and removal of odontoid process due to the lack of appropriate end-effectors, successful robotic procedures for dural sutures and exposing spinal cord proved its safety and dexterity. Results : Robot-assisted odontoidectomy was successfully performed in a human cadaver using the da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System with few robotic arm collisions and minimal soft tissue damages. Da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System manifested more dexterous movement than human hands in the deep and narrow oral cavity. Furthermore, sutures with robotic procedure in the oral cavity demonstrated the advantage over conventional procedure. Conclusion : Presenting cadaveric study proved the probability of robot-assisted transoral approach. However, the development of robotic instruments specific to spinal surgery must first precede its clinical application.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권3C호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 AVC 부호화기를 위한 고속 인터 예측기에 대한 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 동영상 압축기술인 MPEG-4 AVC 부호화기의 전체 구성 중에서 핵심 부분인 인터 예측기를 1/4화소 단위로 움직임 추정을 수행 할 수 있도록 하드웨어 구조를 설계하였으며 이를 위해 블록 조각화, 움직임 추정, 움직임 보정의 기본적인 구조를 구성하고 실시간 동영상 부호화를 할 수 있도록 인터 메모리와 1/4화소 단위 고속 블록 계산기 등을 이용하였다. 구현된 전체 모듈은 Altera Excalibur 디바이스와 Xilinx Virtex2 디바이스를 이용한 FPGA 구성을 통해 검증하고 삼성 STD130 0.18um CMOS Cell Library를 이용하여 합성 및 검증을 하였다. 이렇게 검증된 구조의 성능은 ASIC으로 구현할 경우 최대 동작 주파수가 약 62.5MHz이며 성능은 QCIF크기의 영상데이터를 기준으로 초당 약 88프레임의 인터예측을 수행할 수 있다. 본 성능은 하드웨어 기반의 MPEG-4 AVC 실시간 부호화기를 설계하기에 적합한 구조임을 보여준다.