• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 1966

Hexachlorophene was reported previously to have a powerful parasiticidal effects on Clonorchis sinensis in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of its effect was not known. In the present report it was observed that there was an influence of hexachlorophene on the oxygen consumption, the glycolysis, the glycogenesis and the protein synthesis of C. sinensis. A hundred mg. of C. sinensis collected from the biliary tracts of the infested rabbits was incubated in 2 ml of K.R.P. medium with vavious concentration of hexachlorophene, $glucose-1-C^{14}$ and $glycine-1-C^{14}$ in a 25 ml incubation flask with central well. The oxygen consumption was observed by Warburg manometer, the glycogenolysis by measurement of radioactivities of extracted glycogen and protein from C. sinensis incubated with $C^{14}-glucose$ or$C^{14}-glycine$. 1) The oxygen consumption by C. sinensis was markedly inhibited during all stages of incubation in concentration of $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-5}g/ml$ of hexachlorophene, but in $10^{-6}$, slightly increased initially and gradually decreased after 3 hours of incubation. 2) Hexachlorophene inhibited the glycolysis by C. sincnsis markedly in the concentration of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-7}g/ml$. 3) The protein synthesis by C. sinensis from glycine was inhibited in the concentration of $10^{-5}$, $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-7}g/ml$ of hexachlorophene. 4. The glycogen synthesis by C. sinensis in each concentration of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-6}g/ml$ of hexachlorophene was inhibited markedly. The speed of inhibition was more rapid in high concentration than in low, and in low concentration even the glycogen itself which had synthesized in their stage in their body was consumed in later stage. 5) The effects of oxygen consumption, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis were not influenced in the concentration of $10^{-5}g/ml$ of chloroquine phosphate, whereas hexachlorophene and dithiazanine inhibited markedly in same concentration, and the former was more potent than the latter.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Platinum plays an important role in many applications because of its extraordinary physical and chemical properties. All these applications require the use of platinum in the finely divided state. Therefore the preparation of platinum nanoparticles by reducing platinum-surfactant salt with reducing agent in the solution was investigated in this study. The net interaction between C14TABr and $H_2[PtCl_6]$ in aqueous solution results in the formation of $[C14TA]_2[PtCl_6]$. The concentration of C14TABr and the concentration of $H_2[PtCl_6]$ has to be above cmc and 0.32 mM, respectively in order to obtain complex-micelle aggregation for mono dispersed Pt particles. Pt particle size increases with increasing $H_2[PtCl_6]$ and C14TABr concentration. And the shape of Pt particles was well controlled with increasing surfactant concentration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1984

When enterobacterium, Escherichia coli B was cultivated with normal media in the presence of $0.2{\sim}0.6%$ Palmitoylcarnitine and $0.05{\sim}0.2%$ Ginseng Saponin, maximum population growth of the bacteria was presented 71% and 31%, respectively. Such a result, in vitro test, was concluded from the result that both detergents stimulated $C^{14}$-glucose, $C^{14}$-alanine and $C^{14}$-phosphatidylethanolamine uptake into the membrane of cells. The pre-treatment of cells with different amounts of Palmitoylcarnitine from $0.005{\sim}0.05{\mu}$ moles represented a significant increase of uptake, 33% of $C^{14}$-glucose, 129% of $C^{14}$-alanine and 158% of phosphatidylethanolamine at the concentration of $0.05{\mu}$ moles of Palmitoylcarnitine. On the other hand, the result of $C^{-2}%$ Saponin treatment showed the maximum value of uptake, 17% of $C^{14}$-glucose and 112% of $C^{14}$-alanine. In case of $C^{14}$-phosphatidylethanolamine, the maximum uptake showed 25% of increase at the concentration of $C^{14}$% Saponin.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1994

Absorption and translocation of bensulfuron-methyl {methyl 2[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate} in rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by mineral nutrients and mixed herbicides were determined using the $^{14}C-labeled$ herbicide in culture solution. Absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ by the root decreased with increasing concentration of bensulfuron-methyl. However, increase in the application concentration did not affect movement of the $^{14}C$ to the shoot. There was no difference in total amount of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ taken up between absorption periods of 12 and 48 hours, whereas $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ translocated to the shoot increased with increasing the absorption period. When bensulfuron-methyl mixtures were applied, butachlor [N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)acetamide] did not affect absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. However, quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) mixed at a high concentration resulted in decrease in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. Nutritional disorder such as deficient or excess supply of mineral nutrients caused to inhibit absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. The greatest decrease and delay of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ absorption and/or translocation occurred in N-deficient and S-excess supply conditions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.130-133
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• 2004

This study was carried out to observe the change of organoleptic properties of the juice prepared with various heating temperature and heating time. Organoleptic color showed maximum value at 94.95$^{\circ}C$ and 21.63 min and organoleptic aroma showed maximum value at 63.14$^{\circ}C$ and 20.38 min. Organoleptic taste showed maximum value at 96.63$^{\circ}C$ and 14.31 min and overall palatability showed maximum value at 97.18$^{\circ}C$ and 14.55 min. The best condition was 98$^{\circ}C$(heating temperature) and 13 min(heating time) at organoleptic evaluation of oriental melon juice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.165-175
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• 2005

Measurement of spent resin activity was initiated in 2004 in order to develop the C-14 removal technology for safe disposal. As part of this program, spent resins were sampled and measured in the in-station resin storage tank 2 at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1. At the time of sampling, the resins had been in storage tank from 3 to 23 years. Total 72 resin samples were sampled, which were collected from both man-hole (68 samples) and test-hole (4 samples) in the in-station resin storage tank 2. They were separated into liquid, activated carbon, zeolite, and spent resin. The spent resins were oxidized with sample oxidizer and analyzed for C-14. Ten of collected mixed resin samples were separated by density into cation and anion resins using a sugar solution. The C-14 concentration in anion exchange resin was approximately 2 times higher than in the mixed resin. The average concentration of C-14 in the cation/anion mixed exchange resin was $460\;GBq/m^3$ from test-hole and $53.1\;GBq/m^3$ from man-hole. We have found that concentration of C-14 in the spent resin is about from 0.4 to $1,321\;GBq/m^3$. So it could be a problem, when dispose of at a repository, since there is a disposal limit of $222\;GBq/m^3$. This means we should develop the C-14 removal technology.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

Tolerance limits of the adult crab were determined by exposing them to different temperatures (5~2$0^{\circ}C$) and salinities(12~32$\textperthousand$). The tolerance limit for high temperature was determined at 14$^{\circ}C$ and 16$^{\circ}C$ for male and female snow crab, respectively and that for salinity was 21 $\textperthousand$ at 5 $^{\circ}C$. Osmolality concentration, Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ ions in the haemolymph of especially, the females was positively related to the salinity changes. Increased water temperature resulted in a marked decreased in ionic and osmolality concentrations near the limit of tolerance in male, however, such a clear pattern was not apparent for the females. The concentration of glucose in the haemolymph was positively related to water temperature but negatively to salinity.ity.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

Recently, the results of vital tissue test showed that nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a disinfection by-product (DBP), could be regarded as a carcinogen because a tumor was observed in organs. U.S.EPA indicated 0.7 ng/L as exposure concentration of NDMA based on a risk assessment target with a lifetime cancer risk of $10^{-6}$. Several recent studies have shown that UV oxidation could remove NDMA. However, UV oxidation is uneconomical and can reform NDMA after treating. In addition, the treatment mechanism of adsorption has not been founddue to the uncertainty of NDMA pathway. In addtion, NDMA has a radioisotope $^{14}C$-labeled which can be analyzed at low concentration of NDMA by Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). This study has investigated NDMA determination using LSC at an extremely low range from 1 to 100 ng/L and NDMA removal by powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. For $^{14}C$-NDMA by LSC, the highest correlation over 99% between count number and NDMA concentrationwas obtained with possibility of $^{14}C$-NDMA concentration up to 1 ng/L. In the presence of PAC ranging from 50 to 10,000 mg/L, $^{14}C$-NDMA was removed from 18% to 97% for Sigma-Aldrich corporation (S-A co.) and from 9% to 93% by PAC for Daejung corporation (Dj co.). Hence it was found that the removal efficiency by PAC adsorption could vary depending on PAC types from different companies. For PAC adsorption capacity of $^{14}C$-NDMA using the Freundlich isotherm, $K_f$ and 1/n of PAC from S-A co. were $2.67\times10^{-3}$ ng/mg and 1.009, while those of PAC from Dj co. were $1.30\times10^{-3}$ ng/mg and 0.994, respectively. Thus, PAC from S-A co. showed twice higher adsorption capacity than Dj co.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.445.2-445.2
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.102-106
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• 2003

The uptake of $^{14}C$-2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in hydroponics was studied using onion plants. Of the total TNT mass (5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ concentration), 75% was in the roots, 4.4% in the leaves, and 21% in the external solution at 2 days, The percent distribution in roots was lower with higher concentration in the external solution, but in leaves it was comparable at all concentrations (5-500 $\mu\textrm{M}$). Root concentration factor (RCF) in hydroponics was more than 85 in constant hydroponic experiment (CHE) at 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ and 150 in non-constant hydroponic experiment (NHE) at 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$. The maximum RCF values in the hydroponic system were greater with lower solution concentration. Transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) values in the present study (NHE only: 0.31-0.56) were relatively similar to the values with predicted values (0.43-0.78), increasing with higher external TNT concentration. For phytotoxicity tested in hydroponics and wet paper method, 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$ was toxic to onion plant, 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ was non-toxic for plant growth but limited the transpiration rate, and 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ was non-toxic as control.