• 한국노년학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.591-606
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 노인장기요양보험제도로 신설된 요양보호사의 직업의식 정도와 영향요인을 파악하여 요양보호사의 직업의식을 높이기 위한 간호중재 개발에 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 서술적 연구로써 D시, C도 G시, C도 C시, K도 O시에 소재하고 있는 요양원 3곳, 재가복지센터 3곳, 요양병원 3곳의 요양보호사 185명을 대상으로 2009년 11월 12일에서 4주 동안 설문지를 이용하여 자료수집 하였고, 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 요양보호사의 평균연령은 48.1세, 대다수 여성(95.1%)이며, 기혼자로서 배우자가 있고(79.5%), 고등학교 이상 졸업자(76.8%)가 많았다. 요양보호사의 자기효능 정도는 평균점수 3.68점, 소명의식 3.41점, 외적 통제위 성격 3.23점으로 보통 이상이며, 내적 통제위 성격은 4.12점으로 내적 통제위 성격이 강한 것으로, 교육훈련 유효성은 3.71점, 직업의식은 3.97점으로 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직업의식과 관련 요인들의 관계에서, 직업의식과 내적 통제위 성격은 낮은 정 상관관계(r=.378, p=.000)를, 외적 통제위 성격은 낮은 역 상관관계(r=-.356, p=.000), 자기효능(r=.420, p=.000), 소명의식(r=.636, p=.000), 교육훈련 유효성(r=.441, p=.000)은 보통 정도의 정 상관관계를 보였다. 요양보호사의 직업의식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 소명의식(B=.329, p=.000)이 가장 높은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 교육훈련 유효성(B=.250, p=.000), 내적 통제위 성격(B=.216, p=.000), 외적 통제위 성격(B=-.165, p=.002), 요양보호사 선택시 자기 특성 고려(B=.207, p=.004) 순으로 전체 설명력은 57.5%로 나타났다. 추후 요양보호사에게 소명의식 제고 교육을 위한 체계적인 교육과 내적 통제위 성격 강화훈련, 요양보호사의 역할과 업무를 정확히 규명 하는 것이 필요하며 이러한 요인들을 활용하여 직업의식을 높일 수 있는 교육과 연구를 제언한다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔트 포장체와 기존 도로로써 일반 아스팔트 포장체의 도로변 미세먼지의 발생량을 분석하였다. 충청남도 지자체로써 차량 통행이 높은 C 도시의 고속버스터미널과 상업 시설 지역에 위치한 도로변에서 2022년과 2023년 하절기 동안 3일 간격으로 1,000 g(100 g/day)의 먼지 샘플을 채집하였다. 채집된 먼지 샘플은 크기와 밀도 분리를 통해 75-150 ㎛ 범위의 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자로 전처리하여 분리하였다. 기존 도로로써 일반 아스팔트 포장체 구간인 No.1-3 구역의 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자의 평균은 각각 24.27 g과 24.36 g 및 0.53 g과 0.53 g으로, 2022년과 2023년의 미세먼지 발생량 데이터를 비교할 때 정량적 결과가 유사하게 분석되었다. 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔 트 포장체 구간인 No.4-6 구역은 2022년 분석 결과와 비교할 때 2023년 미세먼지는 14.8 %, 타이어와 도로 마모입자는 29.6 % 감소되었다. 또한, 열중량분석 결과에 의하면, No.1-3 구역의 타이어와 도로 마모입자는 타이어와 도로 성분이 각각 30 %와 70 %로 분석되었다. 그러나, No.4-6 구역의 2023년에는 타이어와 도로 성분이 각각 35 %와 65 % 분석되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔트 포장체에서 도로변 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자 발생을 낮출 수 있는 미세먼지 저감 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나, 다양한 환경 및 기후적 변수를 고려한 공간적 제약 및 샘플 수집 기간의 한계로부터 추후 지속적인 연계성을 확보한 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 따라서, 향후에는 미세먼지를 저감할 수 있는 아스팔트 포장체의 기술적 접근과 도심지 도로변에서 발생되는 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자의 정량적 분석에 대한 다양한 사례 연구를 진행할 계획이다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

전시 공간에서 작품의 의도를 충실하게 나타내기 위해서는 자연광처럼 높은 색상 재현 성능을 제공하는 조명이 필요하다. 이에 연색성의 향상을 위한 다수의 조명 기술이 소개되었으나 대부분 파스텔 계열의 8가지 색상을 고려하는 일반 연색지수(CRI Ra)만을 평가하였다. 자연광은 R9과 R12의 연색지수로 표현되는 빨간색과 파란색을 포함하여 모든 색상에 대해 우수한 연색 성능을 제공하지만 대부분 인공조명은 R9, R12 등의 연색 성능이 자연광에 비해 현저히 낮다는 문제가 있다. 최근 원색을 포함한 전시물의 색상을 사실적으로 표현할 수 있도록 자연광 수준의 연색성을 제공하는 조명 기술이 요구되지만 관련 연구는 매우 부족하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 자연광의 특성에 기반하여 CRI Ra, R9, R12를 중심으로 높은 연색성을 실현하는 전시관 조명을 제안한다. 먼저 자연광과 인공조명의 실측 분광에 대한 분석을 통해 R9과 R12의 향상을 위한 보강 파장 대역을 도출한다. 이후 보강 파장 대역 내 피크 파장특성을 가진 가상의 SPD를 생성한 후 상용 LED 광원과의 조합 시뮬레이션을 통해 CRI Ra≥95와 R9, R12≥90을 충족하는 SPD의 조합조건을 도출한다. 이를 통해 R9과 R12 향상에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 405, 630nm 피크 파장 특성의 광원 2종을 특정한 후 W/C White LED 2종을 적용한 전시관 조명을 설계하고 조명의 제어지표 DB를 구축한다. 이후 제안 방법의 실험을 통해 조도(300-1,000 Lux), 색온도(3,000-5,000K) 조건에서 평균 CRI Ra는 96.5, R9과 R12는 96.2, 94.0로 자연광 수준 고연색성의 실현이 가능함을 보였다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2024

본 연구는 죽염을 사용하여 염지한 닭가슴살의 보수력 관련 품질을 분석하여 죽염의 염지제로서 사용가능성을 평가하기 위해 실시했다. 이를 위해 명도 48 초과 53 미만의 닭가슴살을 선별하여 연구에 사용하였다. 선별된 닭가슴살은 무작위로 5개의 처리군에 배분하였다. 닭가슴살의 처리는 다음과 같이 총 5개로 하였다; 1) 염지하지 않은 대조군(C), 2) 죽염 2.1%(w/w, BS), 3) 정제염 2.1%(w/w, S), 4) 폴리인산나트륨 2.1%(w/w, SP), 그리고 5) 정제염과 폴리인산나트륨 혼합처리구 4.2%(w/w, S+SP). 보수력 관련 품질측정은 염지액흡수율, 육즙손실량, 여과지 압착 감량, 그리고 가열감량을 측정하였다. 대조군을 제외한 BS, S, 그리고 SP 처리구 사이의 염지액흡수율은 유의적 차이가 없었으며, S+SP 처리구는 유의적으로 가장 높은 염지액흡수율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 육즙손실량에서도 BS, S, SP 처리구는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 반면에 S+SP 처리구는 SP 처리구에 비해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 육즙손실량이 적었으며, 대조구는 염지처리구에 비해 가장(P<0.05) 육즙손실량이 적었다. 여과지 압착 감량과 가열감량은 염지처리 유무와 염지제 차이에 따른 통계학적 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 정제염과 폴리인산나트륨 혼합처리구의 경우, 농도가 4.2%로 다른 염지처리구에 비해 농도가 2배인 것을 고려한다면, 죽염은 여러 생리활성 효과와 다양한 미네랄을 공급할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 염지제로서 닭가슴살의 보수력 저하없이 사용가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2003

승모판성형술 직후에 시행한 재수술에 대한 연구보고는 많지 않다. 저자들은 승모판성형술 직후 성형술 실패로 판단되는 환자에서 즉시 시행한 재수술 결과에 대해 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 4월부터 2001년 7월까지 세종병원에서 승모판성형술을 받은 환자 중 체외순환 이탈 직후 시행한 경식도초음파 검사에서 승모판막폐쇄부전 혹은 협착이 의미있게 잔존하거나 다른 이유로 재수술이 즉시 필요하였던 18명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 남녀비는 5 : 13이었고 평균 연령은 44세였다. 승모판막 질환은 폐쇄부전 12명, 협착 3명, 그리고 혼합형이 3명이었다. 원인은 류머치스성 9명, 퇴행성 8명, 그리고 심내막염이 1명이었다. 재수술의 원인은 잔존 승모판폐쇄부전 13명, 협착 4명, 그리고 좌심실천공이 1명이었다. 14명(77.8%)에서 재성형술을, 4명에서는 인공기계판막치환술이 시행되었다. 결과: 조기사망은 없었다. 조기결과는 승모판막치환을 한 4명을 제외한 14명 중 13명(92.9%)에서 0-I도의 폐쇄부전을 보였고 협착은 14명 모두 경도 이하 상태였다. 평균 33개월을 추적조사 한 결과 1명이 술 후 4개월 후 심기능부전으로 사망하였다. 승모판폐쇄부전은 9명(64.3%)에서 0-I도를, 승모판협착은 11명(78.6%)에서 경도 이하였고 재수술은 1명에서 시행되었다. 6년 생존율과 재수술로부터의 자유도는 각각 94%와 90%였다. 4년 후 승모판폐쇄부전 및 협착 재발로부터의 자유도는 각각 56%와44%였다. 결론: 승모판막성형술 직후 재수술은 양호한 조기 및 중기 생존율을 보이며 일차성형술 실패 후에도 높은 빈도에서 재성형술이 가능하다. 하지만 재성형술 시 특히 류머치스성 판막질환에서는 판막 기능부전 발생률이 높기 때문에 성형술 후 판막부전의 재발을 줄이기 위해서는 성형술의 적절한 적용 및 적응증 선별이 중요할 것으로 생각된다. 7명의 환자에서는 완전 방실전도차단이 발생하였고, 이 중 6명의 환자에서 영구 인공심박조율기의 삽입이 필요하였다. 걸론: 부분방실중격결손증은 낮은 사망률로 수술을 시행할 수 있었다. 재수술의 원인은 좌측 방실판막페쇄부전이 가장 많았다. 방실판막구조물의 기형이 동반된 경우 재수술의 가능성이 높아지는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 의미는 없었다. 또한, 술후 좌심실유출로협착여부가 재수술의 위험인자였으므로 좌측 방실판막 및 좌심실 유출로의 해부학적인 구조에 대한 정확한 이해가 요구된다. 좌심실유출로협착은 발생시 대동맥하부의 조직에 대한 절제술을 시행할 수 있으나 재발 가능성이 크고, 필요시 수정 Konno수술로 만족할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 방실전도차단은 초기시행단계에서 많이 발생하였으며, 심장 전도계에 대한 정확한 해부학적 이해와 경험축적으로 극복할 수 있었다.로 사용될 수 있음을 입증하였다.첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 6주째까지 모든 시험군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주 이후에는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 7. 분변 중 카드뮴 함량은 C4군이 가장 높았고, 결명자 첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 C3군과 C4군을 제외한 나머지 군들에서 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주째에 카드뮴 함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다가 6주 이후에 다시 카드뮴 함량이 증가하는 경향이었다.erefore the guidelines for iron supplementation and nutritional education to improve their iron status should be provided.한 질소제거를 N-balance로부터 구해보면, R3 반응조의 경우가 가장 높은 제거율(40.9%)을 보였다. 이상의 결과들을 볼 때, Bncillus 균주는 호기적 탈질을 일으킬 수 있는 가능성이 있고, Bncillus 균주를 이용한 B3 공정은 탈질에 이용되는 탄소량이

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2020

2019년 3월 미세먼지 비상저감조치가 일주일 동안 발령되면서, 미세먼지로 인한 국민의 불안감은 점차 가중되고 있다. 본 연구는 공기정화식물이 적용된 바이오필터의 다중이용시설 내 적용성 평가를 위해 입자상 오염원의 실내 연속방출환경을 조성하여 오염원 저감효과에 대한 측정방법을 제안하고, 시스템의 실내공기질 개선 여부를 확인할 수 있는 기초연구를 진행하였다. 강의실을 대상으로 춘절기에 모니터링 1시간 전 모기향을 오염원으로 배경농도를 조성한 후, 스케줄에 따라 2시간 관수, 1시간 송풍하여 미세먼지의 저감능을 확인하였으며, 바이오필터 2m 전방에 PM₁₀, PM_2.5 및 온습도 센서를 설치하고, 3개 송풍구 중 중앙에 풍속 프로브를 설치하여 시계열 모니터링을 수행하였다. 바이오필터에 구비된 총 3개소의 송풍구 평균 면풍속은 0.38±0.16 m/s로 댐퍼 면적이 제외된 송풍구별 면적 0.29m×0.65m을 적용한 총 공조풍량이 776.89±320.16㎥/h로 산출되었다. 시스템 가동으로 평균온도 21.5~22.3℃, 평균상대습도 63.79~73.6%를 유지하여, 선행연구의 다양한 조건별 온습도 범위에 부합하는 것으로 판단된다. 시스템 공조부 구동을 통해 급격하게 상대습도를 상승시키는 효과를 효율적으로 운용할 경우, 계절에 따른 실내 미세먼지 저감과 적정한 상대습도 확보도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 미세먼지 농도는 바이오필터 시스템 가동 전의 모든 주기에서 상승 현상이 동일하게 집계되었으며, 시스템 가동 후 1주기 송풍구간(B-1, β=-3.83, β=-2.45)에서 미세먼지(PM₁₀)는 최대 28.8% 수준인 560.3㎍/㎥, 초미세 먼지(PM_2.5)는 최대 28.0% 수준인 350.0㎍/㎥까지 저감되었다. 이후 미세먼지(PM₁₀, PM_2.5)의 농도는 2주기 송풍구간 감소(B-2, β=-5.50, β=-3.30)로 각각 최대 32.6% 수준인 647.0㎍/㎥, 32.4% 수준인 401.3㎍/㎥까지 저감되었고, 3주기 송풍구간감소(B-3, β=5.48, β=-3.51)로 최대 30.8% 수준인 732.7㎍/㎥, 31.0% 수준인 459.3㎍/㎥까지 저감된 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 식생 바이오필터의 다중이용시설 내 설치와 유관한 관련 표준 및 규정을 참조하여, 객관적인 성능평가환경의 구축 방안을 제시할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 일반 강의실 환경 내에 보다 객관화된 모니터링 인프라를 조성하여, 상대적으로 신뢰성 있는 데이터 확보가 가능했던 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.650-663
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 집단 영양평가시 급식시설에서 제공하는 표준레시피의 자료로 단순히 영양분석하여 평가할 경우 1인 배식량과 섭취량이 서로 달라 정확한 영양평가를 할 수 없다는 점을 입증하고 정확한 영양분석을 위한 새로운 접근방법을 제시함과 동시에 노인복지시설에서 제공되는 1끼 식사의 영양 평가를 통해 노인급식 영양관리의 문제점을 파악하고 개선안을 도출하는데 있다. 서울 지역 3개노인복지회관을 선정한 후 표준레시피로 실험조리를 통해 메뉴별 조리중량변화계수를 산출하고, 개별 잔반계측방법으로 실제 제공된 양과 노인들이 섭취한 양을 조사하여 영양평가를 내렸다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자는 65세 이상 75세 미만이 51명, 75세 이상이 49명이었으며, 평균 신장은 남자 165.6 cm, 여자154.8 cm, 평균 몸무게는 남자 62.9 kg, 여자 57.1 kg이었다. BMI는 정상 체중군에 포함되는 남자는 42.6%, 여자는 43.4%로 나타났고, 남자의 38.3%, 여자의 43.4%가 거동이 불편한 것으로 조사되었다. 2) 단체급식소에서 사용하는 표준레시피의 1인 분량과 배식량간에 차이가 있고, 실제 섭취량과는 더 큰 차이가 있었다. 그러므로 영양평가시 단순히 식단의 표준레시피를 근거로 수행할 경우 실제 섭취량과 다르기 때문에 큰 오차가 발생할 수 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 영양사는 실험조리를 통해 표준레시피의 1인 분량과 실제 1인 분량을 동일하게 관리하는 것이 필요하였다. 음식별 조리중량변화계수는 조리방법, 식재료의 특성에 따라 차이가 있지만, 밥 2.4, 육류 찜, 조림, 볶음류 0.6~0.7, 브로컬리초무침 1.25를 보였고, 미역국과 같이 말린 재료를 불려 만든 맑은 국은 12.5, 동태찌개 1.58, 오징어국 2.60으로 나타났다. 따라서 표준레시피에 의거한 1인 분량은 밥류 237~343 g, 국류 284~375 g, 육류 찬 89.4~95.9 g, 야채찬 55~128.7 g, 김치 40 g이었고, 실제 제공하는 평균 배식량은 밥 239.08 g, 국 283.29 g, 육류찬 88.09 g, 야채찬 45.83 g, 김치 38.41 g이며, 노인의 실제 섭취량은 밥 235.97 g, 국 248.53 g, 육류찬 72.8 g, 야채찬 39.8 g, 김치 28.36 g으로 조사되었다. 메뉴군 별로는 밥류 (98.7%)의 섭취율이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 국 (87.7%), 야채찬 (87.0%), 육류찬 (82.7%), 김치 (73.8%) 순의 섭취율을 보였다. 노인들이 섭취하는 양은 밥을 제외하고 급식소 별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 3) 에너지 및 영양소의 실제 섭취 영양을 일반사항에 따라 비교한 결과, 성별에 따라, 지방, 철, 아연, 리보플라빈의 섭취에 유의적인 차이가 나타났고, 연령에 따라서는 75세 이상의 집단보다 65세 이상 75세 미만의 집단에서 비타민 A와 엽산을 유의적으로 더 많이 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. BMI에 따라서는 섭취영양에 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 거동 불편여부에 따라서는 단백질, 지방, 칼슘, 인, 나트륨, 비타민 A, 비타민 B6, 나이아신, 비타민 C, 엽산섭취에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 5) 영양소 적정섭취비율과 질적지수 평가에서 노인급식시설의 점심식사는 철, 칼슘, 리보플라빈이 1 미만으로 낮게 섭취되는 것으로 나타나 개선이 요구되었다. 그러나 단백질 (1.96), 비타민 B6 (1.83), 인 (1.76), 아연 (1.34), 티아민 (1.17), 비타민 C (1.08), 비타민 A (1.06)의 적정 섭취비율은 1 이상으로 나타났다. 그러므로 노인급식을 위한 영양 계획 시 이러한 문제가 되는 영양소들을 공급할 수 있는 식품에 대한 고려가 필요하였다. 또한 복지시설 급식소별로 식사의 질에 대한 평가에 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 노인복지시설에 영양관리 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 영양사의 배치할 수 있도록 정부차원의 지원이 필요하였다. 6) 노인들의 실제 영양섭취 평가 결과, 65세 이상 75세 미만의 집단에서 칼슘을 부족 섭취하는 비율은 남녀 모두 100%였고, 비타민 A는 남자 17.4%, 여자 10.7%, 리보플라빈은 남자 34.8%, 여자 35.7%, 비타민 B6는 남자 4.3%, 여자 14.3%가 부족하게 섭취하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 65세 이상 75세 미만의 집단에서 티아민 (10.7%), 나이아신 (7.1%), 비타민 C (10.7%)는 여자에게서만 부족 섭취가 나타났다. 75세 이상의 집단에서는 여자에게서만 단백질이 4.0%부족한 것으로 나타났고, 칼슘은 부족 섭취하는 비율이 남녀 모두 100%였다. 이상의 결과에서 노인 복지시설에 영양사를 배치하여 영양상담과 급식서비스를 원할히 제공함은 물론이고, 보다 정확한 영양평가를 위하여 표준레시피 량과 실제 배식량 간에 차이를 줄일 수 있도록, 실험조리를 통해 표준레시피에 따른 1인 분량 설정과 조리중량변화계수의 산출과 기록관리가 필요하였다. 더 나아가 잔식량 측정을 병행하여 배식량과 섭취량간의 차이를 지속적으로 모니터링하는 노력이 필요하였다. 본 연구에서 채택한 조리변환계수, 잔식률, 섭취율을 이용하여 영양평가 하는 방법은 정확한 영양진단 방법론으로 활용될 수 있으며, 특히 조리중량계수는 조리후 완성된 음식물의 량을 예측하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 1984

유전가열을 이용한 내부가열로서 어육연제품을 조리${\codt}$살균함과 동시에 내부수분을 확산${\codt}$이탈시켜 제품의 수분활성을 조절하여 상온보장이 가능한 보장성 어묵을 가공하는 방법과 제품개발을 위한 원료첨가물의 배합 및 가공조건을 검토한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 고등어 연육의 첨가물 배합조건은 고기풀 100에 대하여 전분(옥수수 전분) $10\%$, 소금 $1.5%$, MSG $0.6\%$, sorbitol $3.0\%$, 설탕 $2.0\%$일 때가 가장 적당하였다. (2) 연제품의 형상과 크기는 두께 0.8cm, 직경 8cm의 원반형이 균일한 가열과 팽화 및 표면경화를 막는데 가장 적당하였고, 이것은 연육을 8cm 직경의 원주형으로 충전하여 이것을 열탕중에서 $2{\sim}3$분간 가열처리하여 gel시킨 후 0.8cm 두께로 절단하여 만들수 있으므로 조작이 매우 편리하였다. 동시에 열탕처리는 유전 가열시간을 단축시키는 효과도 있었다. (3) 유전가열은 $5{\sim}6$분간을 2분, $1{\codt}5$분, $1{\codt}5$분 및 1분씩으로 간헐적으로 행하는 것이 제품의 성상과 수분활성 조절 및 살균효과가 좋았다. 1단계 가열에 의하여 확산${\codt}$이탈된 수분은 $60^{\circ}C$, 3m/sec의 열풍으로 2분간 건조하고 계속적으로 600 W 전열기로 $5{\sim}6$분간 가열 표면배소와 함께 최종적으로 수분활성을 조절할 수 있었다. (4) (3)과 같은 조건으로 가공한 연제품은 수분활성 0.84{\sim}0.86, 생균수 $3{\times}10^2/g$이하, TI함량 27.6mg/g였고 texture 시험성적은 hardness 42, cohesiveness 0.53, toughness 4.6, elasticity 0.8, folding test AA였다. (5) 연제품의 일반성분 조성은 수분 $40.1\%$, 단백질 $20.8\%$, 지방 $17.4\%$, 탄수화물 $16.2\%$ 및 회분$5.5\%$였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.