• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 1999

In this study, the researcher studied the historical background and the traditional culture about dress and ornament of Yunnan Province of China. The Results of the study are as follows. 1. In the Past, Derung's dress was very simple due to the influence of various factors, such as geography and history. Men wore shorts and covered diagonally a piece of cloth from left shoulders to right armpits and tied up the two ends on chests. Women covered crisscross two pieces of cloth from both shoulders to knee. 2. Achang people's dress and adornment has its own unique characteristic. Generally, men wear Jackets with buttons down the front and black trousers. Unmarried men like to wear white turbans, while most of married men usually wear dark blue ones. Women usually wear tight-sleeve blouses with buttons down the front and skirts. Unmarried women wear the hair in braids coil them on the top of their heads. They wear short blouses and trousers. Married women wear their hair Into buns and like to entwine black or blue cloth into high trubans. They wear short blouses and knee-length straight skirts. Achang knife enjoys high reputation and has a long history and an exquisite workmanship. All the men like to wear it. 3. The dress and adornment of the Lahu nationality has both the characteristic of farming culture and the style of nomadic culture of early times. Men usually wear short shirts with round necks and buttons down the front, loose-legged trousers, turbans or dark blue cloth caps Women's dress and adornment can be categorized into two styles. One is black cloth gown with buttons diagonally on the right front and waist-length slits on both sides. The edges of fronts and cuffs are edged with Silver ornaments and lace. They also wear trousers. The other is short blouse with round neck and short opening on th right front, straight skirt and colourful leggings with embroidered patterns. 4. The Hani people, men and women, old and young, like black colour and are fond of wearing black clothes. Men usually wear shirts with buttons down the front and trousers, entwining their heads with black or white cloth. The elderly people wear calottes. Women wear cloth blouses, skirts and trousers or shorts. Slight differences exist in the clothing and adornments according to region, branch and age 5. Blang people's dyeing technique with an exquisite method has a long history. Men wear dark blue long sleeve shirts with round necks and buttons down the front or arranged diagonally on the front and loose-legged trousers. Elderly men wear big turbans wdress and adornment varies greatly in different regions. 6. The Lisu people culture of dress and adornment has some unique characteristics. The styles and colours of their dress and adornment differ slightly from place to place. In the Nujiang area, Women wear black velvet Jackets over blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and long pleated ramie skirts. Men usually wear wraparound ramie gowns, with center vent, made of fabrics alternated with white and black cross stripes. They also wear cloth waistbands and trohile youngsters keep their hair short. Women's users. In the Lushui area, the dress and adornment is similar to that in the Nujing region, but women wear aprons and trousers instead of skirts. 7. The Nu people dress and adornment is simple but elegant Women are proficient in ramie-weaving. Men usually wear gowns With overlapping necks, knee-length trousers and leggings. They like to wear their hair long and entwine dark blue or white turbans. Women wear black and red vests over blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and ankle-length skirts. They also wear their hair long, make it into braids, and entwine dark blue or colourful cloth turbans. 8. Pumi men usually wear ramie shirts With buttons arranged diagonally on the right front, loose trousers and white sheepskin vests. Some also wear overcoats made of "pulu". Women's dress and adornment varies in different areas. In the Lanping and Weixi regions, women wear white short blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the front and dark brown embroidered vests. They also wear trousers and blue or black cloth turbans. In the Ninglang and Yongsheng regions, women wear hemmed blouses With buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and drape sheepskin capes. They also wear white pleated skirts and use broad colourful cloth as their waistbands.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

현대 사회에서 많은 전자시스템은 정보의 표현과 전달을 위해 여러 문자 입력 시스템을 사용하고 있다. 문자 입력 시스템 중 한글을 입력하기 위한 시스템으로는 키보드, 휴대폰의 12개의 버튼 등이 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템은 신체적으로 부자유한 지체 장애인에게는 12개 이상의 버튼을 이용한 한글 입력에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서 지체 장애인이 쉽게 한글을 입력할 수 있는 시스템 개발에 앞서 한글 연상 기법을 이용한 장애인 한글 입력 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 본 논문의 시스템은 5개의 한글입력 버튼과 2개의 기능버튼을 가지며 한글연상 기법을 이용하여 한글을 입력한다. 본 시스템은 한글 연상 기법을 사용하여 지체 장애인이 쉽게 사용할 수 있고 소아의 한글 학습에 효율적이다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

Buttons in general reflect the culture of the society, and their values depend on practicality, decorative feature, and symbolism. Their infinite potential enables us to attempt various original changes in formative factors such as forms, patterns, colors, materials and sizes. In addition new styles, methods, and techniques are tried to show that the decorative feature becomes stronger today than it did in the past when the function was more important. Now buttons are not only a factor of clothing but have value as composite art works reflecting the pride, idea and culture of a nation. Moreover consumers' interest in new designs increases everyday as the moderns' desire for unique individuality rises. Button designs of Korea, however, are still far behind in the aspects of materials, qualities, and methods, facilities, and scale of production. And uniform mass production prevails without the buttons of creative and artistic values made due to the lack of specialized designers. Therefore it seems necessary to carry out historial studies simultaneously with the rising interest in button designs now. Prior to developing new designs, the study will examine those of western buttons that are the origin, going through relevant literature and data to define the characteristics of each era and type. It may provide basic data for developing the backward button designs of Korea.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1997년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.528-533
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• 1997

A CANFLEX(CANdu FLEXible fuelling) 43-element bundle has developed for a CANDU-6 reactor as an alternative of 37-element fuel bundle. The design has two diameter elements (11.5 and 13.5㎜) to reduce maximum element power rating and buttons to enhance the critical heat flux(CHF), compared with the standard 37-element bundle. The freon CHF experiments have performed for two series of CANFLEX bundles with and without buttons with a modelling fluid as refrigerant H-l34a and axial uniform heat flux condition. Evaluating the effects of buttons of CANFLEX bundle on CHF and Critical Channel Power(CCP) with the experimental results, it is shown that the buttons enhance CCP as well as CHF. All the CHF's for both the CANFLEX bundles are occurred at the end of fuel channel with the high dryout quality conditions. The CHF enhancement ratio are increased with increase of dryout quality for all flow conditions and also with increase of mass flux only lot high pressure conditions. It indicates that the button is a useful design lot CANDU operating condition because most CHF flow conditions for CANDU fuel bundle are ranged to high dryout quality conditions.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the effects of contamination by either blood or a hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic buttons. Methods: We used 45 freshly extracted, non-carious, impacted third molars that were divided into 3 groups of 15. Each tooth was etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 s. Human blood or the blood stopper agent was applied to the tooth surface in groups I and II, respectively. Group III teeth were untreated (controls). Orthodontic buttons were bonded to the teeth using light-curing composite resin. After bonding, the SBS of the button was determined using a Universal testing machine. Any adhesive remaining after debonding was assessed and scored according to the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's test was used to determine significant differences in SBS and Fisher's exact test, to determine significant differences in ARI scores among groups. Results: ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). The highest SBS values were measured in group III ($10.73{\pm}0.96$ MPa). The SBS values for teeth in groups I and II were significantly lower than that of group III (p < 0.001). The lowest SBS values were observed in group I teeth ($4.17{\pm}1.11$ MPa) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Contamination of tooth surfaces with either blood or hemostatic agent significantly decreased the SBS of orthodontic buttons. When the contamination risk is high, it is recommended to use the blood stopper agent when bonding orthodontic buttons on impacted teeth.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.952-959
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• 2012

This study looks into the changes in collar patterns in tailored jackets with different numbers of buttons. The study discusses the pattern design method of tailored colors in 4 different styles, such as the effect of the number of buttons of tailored jackets on collar width and length, lapel width and length, and angle of lapel and overall balance in design. Through the first dress experiment, patterns were adjusted and corrected. The second dress experiment was conducted with the modified experimental clothes. The results of comparison and analysis are as follows. The 1 button tailored jacket was most preferred for its beautiful expression and overall balance of upper color and lapel when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The second most preferred one was the 2 button tailored jacket with lapel width of 8 cm, and the 3 button jacket showed relatively good balance when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The 4 button tailored jacket showed a bad balance in collar and button. Also, its overall silhouette was disappointing and thus was less preferred than others. For smaller number of buttons, the angle of lapel's break line increased, thus displaying a more refined and slim silhouette. On the other hand, the angle of lapel's break line decreased for greater number of buttons, thus displaying a dull and fat image. As a result, the jacket with many buttons was less preferred.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2016

인터넷 이용도가 높아지면서, SNS를 통한 인적 네트워크가 확산하고 있다. 최근 '좋아요' 버튼이 한정적이라는 의견을 개선해 6가지 감정 버튼이 새롭게 추가됐다. 추가된 6가지 감정에 관하여 잘 사용되고 있는지, 사용자가 쉽게 접근할 수 있는지, 널리 이용되고 있는지 더욱더 나은 서비스로 개선할 수 있도록 사용자의 이용성과 접근성에 대해 가장 사용 빈도 수가 높은 연령대인 20~30대 페이스북 사용자 35명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 그 결과, 6가지 감정표현에 대한 사용자들의 태도는 부정적인 반응이었으며, 이용 빈도가 낮은 편이었다. 의견에 따르면, 많은 사람들이 사용하는 것에 비례하여 다양한 표현방법보단 좀 더 간단한 감정표현 방법, 예를들어 6가지 감정 표현 보다는 2가지로 줄여 서비스를 제안한다면 사용자가 좀 더 쉽게 사용할 수 있을 것이며, 사용자 정보를 모으기 더 쉬울 것이라는 결론이 나왔다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2021

본 논문은 훈민정음의 창제 원리를 글자판의 설계에 적용한 훈민정음 글자판을 제안한다. 제안하는 글자판은 훈민정음의 자모 28글자를 자음 간에, 모음 간에, 그리고 자음과 모음 간에 서로 상관성을 가지도록 배열하였다. 즉, 자음 버튼들은 오음(五音)의 소리별로 같은 소리의 글자들을 그룹으로 묶어 배열하였고 모음 버튼들은 자음에 붙여 쓰는 위치에 따라 자음 영역의 아래쪽과 오른쪽에 배열한 것이다. 그동안 한글 글자판들은 주로 4행 3열의 12버튼 글자판들이 많이 사용되었는데 이 글자판들은 구조적으로 터치횟수나 이동거리에서 단점을 가진다. 최근에는 쿼티나 단모음 글자판과 같이 많은 자모 버튼을 가진 글자판들도 많이 사용되고 있다. 글자판에서 제공하는 글자 버튼의 개수가 많아지면 터치횟수가 줄어든다. 그리고 글자 버튼들이 서로 상관성을 가지도록 배열되면 이동거리가 작아진다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 글자판이 터치횟수와 이동거리와 입력시간의 모든 평가 요소에서 높은 효율을 나타냄을 보여준다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2023

Background: The management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons has shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate functional and radiological outcomes in patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation treated with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Methods: A retrospective, unicentric study was performed. The study included patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation who underwent surgery with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. A functional evaluation using subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analog scale (VAS), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaires was performed, and an evaluation of preoperative and postoperative comparative Zanca view images was performed. Factors associated with functional outcomes and radiological AC reduction were analyzed. Results: A total of 83 patients completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The mean SSV, VAS, and DASH scores were 92.8, 0.8, and 6.4, respectively. Patients who had complications experienced significantly worse functional outcomes (DASH: P=0.037). Suboptimal final AC reduction was observed in nine patients (11.1%), and significantly more frequently in patients older than 40 years (P=0.031) and in surgeries performed more than 7 days after injury (P=0.034). There were two reoperations (2.4%). Conclusions: Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1376-1386
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate how one's visual evaluations are affected by variations in internal designs of tailored jackets. Major findings are: 1. Of the 35 pairs of adjectives, the factor analysis singled out the following five major factors (total variance of 55.62%): elegance, maturity, neatness, hard/softness, and evaluation. 2. The image of tailored jackets were found to be significantly affected by the length of its collar: jackets with long collar were perceived elegant, graceful, neat, mature and slim. 3. The number of buttons was also found to have significant impact on the image of tailored jackets: A one-button jacket, single or double, was perceived graceful, mature, formal, neat, natural, brisk, slim and so on. Its image deteriorated as the number of buttons increased. 4. Single jackets were found to be significantly different from Double jacket in their images. The former were perceived elegant, neat, and natural.