• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1986

The effects of varying concentrations and durations of butachlor [N-(bytoxymethyl)-2-chlor-2', 6';-diethylacetanilide] treatment on oat (Avena sativa L.) root cell division were studied. Oats were treated from 0 to 48h with concentration ranging from 1$\times$10-6M to 1$\times$10-3M of butachlor. The highest concentration (1$\times$10-3M) of butachlor caused significant inhibition of cell division after 6h treatment. After 18h treatment, 49% and 66% inhibition of cell division occurred at 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-4M, respectively, while 16% inhibition of cell division occurred at 1$\times$10-6M concentration at same exposure period. Oat treated with 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-6M showed 69% and 38% inhibition of cell division after 36h. Increasing herbicide concentration at a specific time increased inhibition of cell division, and increasing the duration of treatment at a specific concentration also increased inhibition of cell division. In most instances the greatest inhibition of cell division occurred between 0 to 18h during 48h treatment. A range of concentration of 1$\times$10-5M to 1$\times$10-3M reduced cell enlargement significantly during 24h incubation period. The 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-3M caused 34% and 75% inhibition of cell enlargement. It was concluded that butachlor caused the growth inhibition of oats by inhibiting both cell division and cell enlargement.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1982

A field experiment was conducted in 1981 at the Crop Experiment Station, Suweon, Korea, in machine transplanted paddy rice field, to study the effectiveness of single herbicide, mixture, and systematic application of herbicides on diversity of weed control spectrum. The rice variety planted was Taebaegbyeo, Indica ${\times}$ Japonica cross bred. Experimental field was dominated by Echinochtoa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, and Scirpus hotarui, and importance values based on dry weight of these weeds were 89%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. The mixture or systematic treatments of herbicide were generally more effective than single herbicide applications on weed control. Coefficients of similarity based on floristic composition after herbicide application between Perfluidone (5G) and Chloromethoxynil (7G), and between Pertluidone (5G) and Bifenox (7G), and between Perfluidone (5G) and three types of Butachlor (6G) were low, and these sets seemed to be a good mixture herbicide in paddy fields. While, Perfluidone (5G) had low coefficient of similarity with other single herbicides tested. The information on coefficient of similarity could be used as parameter for selecting herbicides to increase the efficiency of herbicidal performance. Simpson's indices from Butachlor (3.5G)/SL-49 (7G), Butachlor (3.5G)/Pyrazolate (6G), and Perfluidone (5G) treatments were high, and these herbicide treatments tended to the weed community type simplified, while the indices from Perfluidone (5G) + Chloromethoxynil (7G), Butachlor (6G) fb Perftuidone (5G), and Butachlor (4G)/Naproanilide (6G) treatments were low, and these herbicide treatments caused to the community type diversified in terms of floristic composition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1984

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 1982

In an anaerobic incubation of uniformly ring-labeled $^{14}C-butachlor$ in two Korean soils for 3 months, very little $^{14}CO_2$ and volatile products were measured. In soil A, 77.52 and 45.36% of the sterile and viable soil radioactivity, respectively, were methanol-extractable and the rest were adsorbed in soil; whereas in soil B, 58.85 and 37.23%, respectively, were methanol-extractable and the rest remained in soil. The adsorption of $^{14}C-butachlor$ depends on the characteristics of the soils. The major metabolite was 2,6-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide. 2,6-Diethylaniline and 2,6-diethylacetanilide turned out to be the minor metabolites on GLC-MS.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1989

Five rice cultivars were treated by four dose of butachlor at transplanting seedling stage. Visual injury rate by butachlor was lowest in Zhy-Lian-Ai-dun-Nam and highest in Samseungbyeo, but reduction of yield was higher in Zhy-Lian-Ai-Yun-Nam and Hangangchalbyeo than in Samseungbyeo and Cheungcheungbyeo. Reduction of panicle number by butachlor was most effective factor to yield reduction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1984

The Freundlich-type adsorption isotherms were obtained in this study on the adsorption of linuron, bentazon, trifluralin and butachlor by soils. A strong correlation was shown between soil organic matter content and the adsorption of linuron. Soils with high organic matter content adsorbed more linuron. There was no significant correlation between the adsorption of bentazon and clay content. There was a tendency that increase in organic matter content acts against the adsorption of bentazon. Repulsive forces seemed to exist between negatively charged soil particle surfaces and betazon molecules which become weakly charged negative ions in soil solution. Organic matter content and cation exchange capacity appeared to be enhancing the adsorption of trifluralin and butachlor. Clay content was not significantly correlated with the adsorption of these herbicides. Trifluralin was adsorptive to the greatest extent, followed by linuron and butachlor, bentazon being the least.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the downward mobility of pesticides using soil colunms and to compare the experimental results with predicted values from Convective mobility test model. Five pesticides including ethoprophos, procymidone, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, and butachlor were subjected to soil column leaching test for three types of cultivation soils. The concentrations of ethoprophos, iprobenfos, procymidone, isoprothiolane and butachlor leached from soil column of 30 cm depth ranged $0.74{\sim}3.61mg/mL,\;0.36{\sim}1.67mg/L,\;0.16{\sim}0.84mg/L,\;0.16{\sim}0.67mg/L$ and lower than 0.15 mg/L, respectively. Elution volume to reach the peak of ethoprophos, iprobenfos, procymidone, isoprothiolane and butachlor in the leachate ranged $2{\sim}4PV,\;3{\sim}10PV,\;5{\sim}13PV,\;4{\sim}14PV\;and\;19{\sim}61PV$, respectively. Convection times predicted by Convective mobility test model at standard conditions were $9{\sim}18$ days for ethoprophos, $17{\sim}35$ days for iprobenfos, $24{\sim}54$ days for isoprothiolane, $21{\sim}65$ days for procymidone and $105{\sim}279$ days for butachlor. Based on these convection times, ethoprophos was classified as mobile or most mobile, isoprothiolane and procymidone as moderately mobile or mobile and butachlor as slightly mobile. On the same conditions, convection times from the model were coincided with those from soil column test in most of the soil-pesticide combinations applied. Therefore, Convective mobility test model could be applied to predict convection times of pesticides.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control effect of Butachlor, Oxadiazon, and Bifenox under three levels of water depth (0, 3, 6 cm). Number of E. crusgall. and M. vaginalis decreased as water depth increased while that of P. distinctus showed the opposite trend. Water depth did not influence number of E. kuroguwai and C. serotinus. Weed control effect of Butachlor and Oxadiazon was best at 3 cm water depth at while that of Bifenox was best at 6 cm water depth. Injury of Butachlor to rice decreased as water depth increased while that of Oxadiazon and Bifenox showed opposite trend.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop an efficient control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley and wheat seeds before rice harvesting. When thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was applied 0, 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting, little phytotoxicity was observed on both barley and wheat. Percent of water foxtail control with thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was more than 88% at three different application timing. When butachlor (5%) was applied 5 days before barley and wheat sowing, phytotoxicity on barley and wheat was severe. However, no phytotoxicity was observed on barley and wheat 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting. Percent of water foxtail control with butachlor 0 and 5 days after rice harvesting was 85-89%. However, it dropped to 74-80% when applied 10 days after rice harvesting. In the thifensulfuron-methyl treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 96-108% and 100-108%, respectively when compared with untreated control. While, in the butachlor treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 53-73% and 106%, respectively when compared with untreated control. Therefore, we recommend thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 0-10 days after rice harvesting or butachlor (5%) 5 days after rice harvesting to provide efficient water foxtail control and safe barley and wheat production.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 1996

To know whether pyrazosulfuron-ethyl(PYR) and imazaquin(IMA), known as a acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitors, have a same herbicidal action pattern in rice(Oryza sativa) or barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), an inhibition pattern and a response characteristics in combination with dymron or butachlor were investigated. In contrast to the phytotoxicity of rice treated with IMA, the one treated with PYR was completely tended to be recovered after 25 days after treatment. Safening effect of dymron against PYR was effectively developed to transplanted-rice, while such an effect was not shown in combination with IMA. In combination with PYR and butachlor, antagonistic effect was observed in both simultaneous or sequential treatment on bamyardgrass, however, additive effect was rather shown in combination with IMA and its activity was dominantly dependent on the first applied compound. $I_{50}$ of PYR and IMA on the ALS extracted from barnyardgrass was $4{\times}10^{-7}$M and $2.8{\times}10^{-6})$M, respectively. Butachlor did not affect their activities on ALS in vitro. These results suggest that PYR and IMA might have a different action each other in the pathway to a final herbicidal activity even though their primary action site is ALS.