• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.63-86
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• 2016

The object of this study is to propose a study on the Private Investigator usage for Cyber Crime. The latest trend of cyber crime is being evolve in sophisticated and complex way over the global, like internet fraud, cyber gambling, hacking and etc. Hence national investigative authority mobilize high specialized skills and method of criminal investigation by each nation. But it is hard to respond in rapid and effective way because of propoor, distribution of group and insufficient of related legal system. Already in other countries, not considerable amount of services are given to private investigators in detection and tracking part which is inefficient by nation. So it has significantly meaningful to compensate the defect and study about private investigator usage as companion of cooperation policing for effectively respond to cyber-crime. The way to effectively deal with the cyber-crime is reevaluate meaning of partnership policing and need of private investigator usage. Also it is to analyze the main issue about introduction of a system and suggest the effective way of introduction. First, legislation of private investigator usage which is based upon partnership policing should be made up. Moreover, to establish the range of private investigator's business and enhance the reliability, it is to propose introduction of leading professional global certificate and license system with sufficient education and test. We are expecting introduction of private investigator usage can improve efficiency of investigation and promote effective countermeasures of cyber-crime.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

「Security Services Industry Act」made in 1976 for the purpose of contributing to the good operation of services industry by establishing the requirements for promotion, development and systematic management of services industry has been since 26 times of overall revisions. Period division of private security through overall revision of 「Security Services Industry Act」 can be roughly divided into three periods. The first is a settlement period. It is a period when the present five business areas were completed rom 1976 to 2001. Beginning with facility and escort security in 1996, five types of jobs have been prepared. so far by adding personal protection in 1996, and machine and special security in 2001. The second is a quantitative growth period. It is a period when quantitative development is made on the institutional basis. As various culture, sports and arts events are increasing based on the demand of security services due to an increase in the people's sense of security, quantitative development was made, which additionally influenced the downward trend of capital and the possibility of having two jobs through revisions. The third is a qualitative growth period. From 2013 to the present is a period when quantitative growth has slowed and qualitative growth has been made. After the period of quantitative growth, the growth slowed down. However, by raising the criteria for permission of services industry through creation of a rule for the group civil petition, by raising capital, by institutionally compensating for diverse punishment regulations, by realizing the training hours for new security guards, by permitting private education, etc, the reliability and professionality of a security guard job has been to be recovered.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Direct printing technology is an attractive metallization method, which has become immerging as "Green technology" to the conventional photolithography, on account of low cost, simple process and environment-friendliness. In order to commercialize the printed electronics in industry, it is essential to evaluate the electrical properties of conductive circuits using direct printing technology. In this contribution, we focused on the electrical characteristics of inkjet-printed circuits. A Cu nanoink was inkjet-printed onto a Bisaleimide triazine(BT) substrate with parallel transmission line(PTL) and coplanar waveguide(CPW) type, then was sintered at $250^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. We calculated the resistivity of printed circuits through direct current resistance by the measurement of I-V curve: the resistivity was approximately 0.558 ${\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ which is about 3.3 times that of bulk Cu. Cascade's probe system in the frequency range from 0 to 30 GHz were employed to measure the Scattering parameter(S-parameter) with or without a gap between the substrate and the probe station chuck. The result of measured S-parameter showed that all printed circuits had over 5 dB of return loss in the entire frequency range. In the curve of insertion loss, $S_{21}$, showed that the PTL type circuits had better transmission of radio frequency (RF) than CPW type.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-82
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to assess the cause and level of conflict arising within and between departments among administration office workers who work in a recently established tertiary hospitals of a major cooperation or related non-profit cooperation: The study also aimed to find methods for resolution of such conflicts by comparing with other existing university hospitals. The subject population included 299 business administration office workers randomly selected from two cooperate related tertiary hospitals of less than 3 years in its existence and two university hospitals over 700 beds in Seoul and Kyong In area. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire. To define related factors for the level of conflict among departments in each hospitals multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Independent factors were characteristics of subjects, conflicting factors within and between the departments. The results are as follows: 1. Those in the 30-39 rears of age group demonstrated significantly higher level of conflict between departments. Those working in the new hospitals, who were older and had long-term tenure, and those with short-term job experience at current working hospital had higher level of conflict between the departments with statistical significance. 2. Concerning the involvement of conflicting factors and the level of conflict in the administration there was statistically significant positive correlation between reliability and job-related intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict in existing hospitals. There was a significant positive correlation between intradepartmental conflicting factors of mutual dependence, difference in goal/orientation and intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict. 3. In multivariate regression analysis, women more than men, and those who had worked for many years in hospitals had statistically significant influence on factors involved in interdepartmental level of conflict, explaining 51.0% of the model. 4. In existing hospitals, gender was a significant factor with women showing a higher level of interdepartmental conflict compared to men. Among the interdepartmental factors, mutual dependence had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospitals, job position was a significant factor which showed that those in high position such as section chief or above, compared to those in managerial or general position had higher level of conflict. Among the interdepartmental characteristics, factors of mutual dependence and goal/orientation had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospital setting efforts to reduce conflict in areas among workers with high position, old age, and long tenure and those in Purchasing, Material and Computer Department should be made and prudent management and planning for improved manpower and increased budget or efficient allocation and clear definition of job description are necessary to adequately assess and make improved efforts for rapid stabilization of the premature hospital system from its inception, In the existing hospitals a lack of conflict within and between departments may give rise to stagnation or inefficiency of the organization. Future study are needed with respect to the relationship between interdepartmental level of conflict and the effectiveness of the hospital organization for improved resolution of conflict in the organization and hospital management.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide information about annual variations in catch size and changes in reproductive biology in the common octopus Octopus vulgaris, a commercially important species. Samples were collected from coastal waters off Gyeongnam, Korea, by coastal trap and coastal complex fishery from February to December 2018. Octopus vulgaris have been decreasing in this region since 2007 and catch prices have been increasing. The mantle length (ML) of O. vulgaris ranged from 1.2 to 21.2 cm and body weight ranged from 42.6 to 5,537 g. The sex ratio differed significantly from what was expected, at 0.45:0.55 (P<0.05). Mature females were found from February to December, except in October and November, and males occurred from February to December, except in October. The gonadosomatic index value was higher from May to September than in other months. The total number of eggs in fecund individuals ranged from 40,280 in 578.1 g of body weight to 138,994 in 1,666.5 g of body weight. The relationship between body weight and fecundity was F=76.486BW^1.0087 (r²=0.7897). At 50% group maturity, average weight was estimated to be 636.35 g, while it was 969.30 g at 75% maturity and 1736.55 g at 97.5% maturity. This study highlights changes in catch size and reproductive biology between 2007 and 2018. These results provide basic evidence that may be used to establish regulatory policy for O. vulgaris fisheries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to develop an index for basic management diagnosis of domestic industrial crafts companies. After the verification processes aimed at experts working in industrial crafts companies, the index of basic management diagnosis that has been researched and developed so far was turned out to be inappropriate to investigate the management of industrial crafts companies, in which the organized management system is not equipped due to their small-scale business environment. It is because the current index of management diagnosis was designed for diagnosis from the functional perspective. Therefore, in this study, the new index of management diagnosis was developed in order to diagnose the management of industrial crafts companies from the process perspective. This index is divided into three elements of Plan, Do, and See, which represents the management process cycle with focus on activities of industrial crafts companies. In addition, through literature study and Focus Group Interview (FGI) based on this index, detailed aspects and items of diagnosis, and checklists were emerged. This index of management is designed for the basic management diagnosis of industrial crafts, and it is possible to figure out management problems from diverse perspectives. For further research, the effectiveness of the index of management should be verified through diagnosing the management of industrial crafts companies and grasping management problems from varied perspectives.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.612-627
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• 2020

This is a case study of Korea Airports Corporation(KAC) examining the effects of pre- and post-employment experience factors on individual and organizational priority. This study surveyed 240 employees of KAC and analyzed the results. The influence of pre-employment experience (number of times applying to public sector, reason to choose public sector, and job changing experience) and post-employment experience (years of employment, position, and job types) on personal value (authority, achievement, welfare, vacation, and personal life) and organizational value (responsibility, obligation, performance, compensation, and participation) was studied. The results indicated that organizational value is generally greater than personal value. Preference value (=organizational value/personal value) was greater than one for every group. Education, years of employment, position, reason to choose public sector were confirmed to influence preference value. For pre-employment factors, as an employee chooses to work in the public sector because of better balance of work-personal life, preference value was confirmed to be lower. For post-employment factors, when the years of employment are longer and the position is higher, preference value is significantly higher. The results imply that an organization should establish a fair evaluation and compensation system to help employees display their full capability to produce maximum performance.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2018

Purpose Since human brains catch images faster than texts or numbers, infographics has been widely used in business in the form of "information dashboard" to enhance the efficiency of decision-making. Groupware, however, has neglected the adoption and use of infographics, in particular, in the idea generation process. Given that an overall performance of groupware-based idea generation is no better than that of the (paper-and-pencil-based) Nominal Group Technique, Jung et al. (2010) adopted the notion of infographics in the form of performance feedback to solve the productivity paradox. With the consistent results, which demonstrate beneficial effects of infographics on performance enhancement, an interesting observation that groups with the bar chart treatment performed better than groups with the dot chart treatment was made. The main purpose of this study was to find if there were a performance consistency between the outcomes from the previous study and the outcomes from the current study. Design/methodology/approach In experiment 1, we employed the same system used in the previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). As individuals' contributions accumulated, the mechanism visually displayed individuals' performances two-dimensionally in the form of a bar chart or a dot chart. Then, we compared the performance outcomes from this study to the outcomes from previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). In experiment 2, we modified the performance graph to test the effect of "playfulness" on performance by converting dots to car images. Then, we compared the performance outcome from experiment 2 to the outcomes from experiment 1. Findings Just like our interesting (and unexpected) finding in Jung et al.'s study (2010), the outcome confirmed a consistent superior performance of a bar chart. This implies that a bar chart is a better choice when stimulating performance with a visual aid in the context of groupware-based idea generation. Although a bar chart was criticized in a way that errors of length-area judgments are 40 ~ 250% greater than those of positional judgments along a common scale, such illusion turned out to be facilitating upward performance comparison better. Regarding Experiment 2, the outcome showed that the revised-dot graph is as good as the bar graph in terms of quantity and quality score of ideas. We attribute the performance enhancement of the resized-dot to the interaction between the motivational characteristic and the situational characteristic of playfulness because individuals in the revised-dot graph treatment performed better than individuals in the dot graph treatment. Given the order of performance (Bar >= Revised Dot > Dot) that the revised-dot treatment performed the same as (or lower than) the bar treatment, an additional research is warranted to reach to a consistent outcome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.424-433
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is analyzing nurse managers's common fundamental competencies changes and responses to the application of the action learning, and promoting introduction and revitalization of action learning. Method: The research design is one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects are 40 nurse managers. The program was performed for 5 weeks. Data were collected before the program and after 5 weeks program and were analyzed with paired t-test. Result: Action learning was an effective way to develop an individual and team and to solve the problem of organization. There were more significant increases after the program than before the program on common fundamental competencies(p<.05). Conclusion: This study has us confirm that action learning is an effective education method for organization members on the spot to recognize their problem and study by themselves and solve the practical problems with various solution process.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

In the intestinal mucosa, mast cells are thought to be responsible for the expulsion of parasites. We investigated the relationship of worm expulsion and mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. In addition, we examined whether the worm recovery rate was associated with the strain of mice, and whether a toluidine stain and immunohistochemistry using the c-kit antibody was effective in the detection of mast cells. In order to investigate the mucosal immune response of C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice, each mouse was infected orally with 30 E. hortense metacercariae. Then, the number of mucosal mast cells and worm recovery rates was observed in experimentally infected mouse strains between 1 week and 8 weeks post infection (PI). Mucosal mast cells were increased in 3 weeks P.I. in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice. On the other hand, only mucosal goblet cells and worm recovery rates correlated in C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0482). Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were 65.7$\pm$5.6, 53.3$\pm$5.4 and 6.7$\pm$0.6 in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and strongly decreased in week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in BALB/c mice were 23.0$\pm$2.5, 10.0$\pm$1.0, and 6.7$\pm$0.6% in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and gradually decreased from week 1 P.I. to week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were significantly higher than in BALB/c mice (P<0.00l). The number of mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice using the anti-c-kit antibody reached to a peak in week 3 P.I. and recovered as normal level in week 5 P.I. and 6 P.I. The number in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0015) was higher than in E. hortense-infected BALB/c mice (P=0.01) compared with the control group. There were significant differences in the number of mast cells among regions of the intestine in in C3H/HeN mice (P<0.05) but not in BALB/c mice (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was significant method as an examination of the number of mast cells (P=0.0002). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that mast cells play an important role in worm recovery, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was superior to toluidine stain as an examination of mast cells.