• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.245-262
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• 2021

Despite the numerous advantages that CSR engagement can potentially offer, top managers may not always be willing to invest in CSR as they are expected to meet expectations of external constituents in the short run. Given that financial analysts' expectations are important short-term performance targets that top managers are motivated to meet, this study examines how performance relative to earnings forecasts issued by analysts affect top managers' decisions about CSR engagement. Using a sample of publicly listed U.S. firms from 2000 to 2016, we find that top managers are more likely to reduce discretionary expenditure on CSR activities as performance falls below analyst forecasts to improve financial performance in the following fiscal year. As performance exceeds analyst forecasts, top managers are motivated to reduce CSR investments in order to meet higher expectations of analysts. As financial analysts closely monitor the firms that they follow in order to publish investment advice to market participants, we find that analyst coverage weakens top managers' incentive to reduce CSR engagement. Overall, this research sheds meaningful insight into the contextual background in which the top managers are situated in when they make decisions on CSR engagement.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

This paper attempts to measure the impact of non-financial factors including analyst practices and broker resources on performance of sell side research. Results reveal that these non-financial factors have a measurable impact on performance of target price forecasts. Number of pages written by an analyst (surrogate for analyst practice) is significantly and directly linked with target price accuracy indicating a more elaborate analyst produces better target price forecasts. Analyst compensation (surrogate for broker resource) is significantly and inversely linked with target price accuracy. Out performance by analysts working with lower paying firms is possibly associated with motivation to migrate to higher paying broking firms. The study finds that employing more number of analysts per research report has no significant impact on target price accuracy -negative coefficient indicates that team work may not result in better target price forecasts. Though insignificant, long term forecast horizon negatively affects target price accuracy while stock volatility improves target price accuracy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3986-4007
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• 2016

Business analysis is a key factor of project success or failure in information systems. However, there are few studies on business analysis competencies. The objective of this paper is to identify which competencies a business analyst (BA) needs, and analyze the importance weights and priorities of business analysis competencies. Literature review yielded 6 competency dimensions and 30 competencies. Based on interviews with 12 experts and analytic hierarchy process analysis, the relative importance weight and priority of each business analysis competency were analyzed. Moreover, an importance-perception gap between stakeholders in different positions was identified. This result can be used as selection and development criteria for superior BAs that are responsible for solving business problems using information systems solutions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The Management Discussion and Analysis(MD&A) provides investors with an opportunity to gain insight into the company from a manager's perspective and enables short-term and long-term analysis of the business. And MD&A is an important channel through which companies and investors can communicate, providing a useful source of information for analyzing financialstatements. MD&A is measured by the quality of disclosure and there are many previous studies on the usefulness of disclosure information. Therefore, it is very important for the financial analyst who is the representative information user group in the capital market that MD&A Disclosure Quality is measured in real-time in combination with IT information technology and provided timely to financial analyst. In this study, we propose a method that real-time data is converted to digitalized data by combining MD&A disclosure with IT information technology and provided to financial analyst's information environment in real-time. The real-time information provided by MD&A can help the financial analysts' activities and reduce information asymmetry.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

This study focuses on presenting the IT program module provided by BKLS measure in order to solve the problem of capital cost due to information asymmetry of external investors and corporate executives. Barron at al(1998) set up a BKLS measure to guide the market by intermediate analysts. The BKLS measure was measured by using the changes in the analyst forecast dispersion and analyst mean forecast error squared. This study suggests a model of the algorithm that the BKLS measure can be provided to all investors immediately by IT program in order to deliver the meaningful value in the domestic capital market as measured. This is a method of generating and analyzing real-time or non-real-time prediction models by transferring the predicted estimates delivered to the Big Data Log Analysis System through the statistical DB to the statistical forecasting engine. Because BKLS measure is not carried out in a concrete method, it is practically very difficult to estimate the BKLS measure. It is expected that the BKLS measure of Barron at al(1998) introduced in this study and the model of IT module provided in real time will be the starting point for the follow-up study for the introduction and realization of IT technology in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.647-658
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• 2021

Analysts' forecasts are important for providing useful guidance to investors, especially individual or small investors, and therefore it becomes critical to identify the elements which can potentially increase errors in analysts' forecasts. This study investigates potential factors which can lead to errors in forecasting by analysts, specifically in terms of the level and attributes of corporate earnings. Utilizing a sample of firms listed on the Korean stock markets, this study provides evidence that firms with more volatile and unpredictable earnings feature less accurate analyst forecasts. This study fills a void in the literature by conducting empirical tests for earnings attributes in terms of volatility and unpredictability that could potentially undermine the forecast accuracy. The negative association between the quality of earnings and forecast accuracy is more pronounced for firms with negative net income values. Additional analysis demonstrates that forecast accuracy is significantly lower for the fourth quarter than for other fiscal quarters and that fourth quarter earnings tend to be more volatile and unpredictable. This study contributes to the literature by providing new empirical evidence regarding the comprehensive effects of earnings quality and level on analysts' forecasting accuracy and further suggests potential factors contributing to the fourth quarter anomaly in analyst forecasts in terms of earnings attributes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.117-123
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between earnings forecasts estimated from a cross-sectional earnings forecast model and firm characteristics such as firm size, sales volatility, and earnings volatility. Research design, data and methodology: The association between earnings forecasts and the aforementioned firm characteristics is examined using 214 firm-year observations with analyst following and 848 firm-year observations without analyst following for the period of 2011-2019. I estimate future earnings using a cross-sectional earnings forecast model, and then compare these model-based earnings forecasts with analysts' earnings forecasts in terms of forecast bias and forecast accuracy. The earnings forecast bias and accuracy are regressed on firm size, sales volatility, and earnings volatility. Results: For a sample with analyst following, I find that the model-based earnings forecasts are more accurate as the firm size is larger, whereas the analysts' earnings forecasts are less biased and more accurate as the firm size is larger. However, for a sample without analyst following, I find that the model-based earnings forecasts are more pessimistic and less accurate as firms' past earnings are more volatile. Conclusions: Although model-based earnings forecasts are useful for evaluating firms without analyst following, their accuracy depends on the firms' earnings volatility.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-180
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• 2018

Purpose One of the success factors of information system projects is to reduce requirements uncertainty through user engagement. So, in many recent IS development environment, a business analyst or business analysts are positioned between users and developers to drive user engagement to reduce requirements uncertainty. But, there are few studies that research about the competencies of business analysts for training and staffing. So, this study analyzed which underlying and practical competencies that positively influence user engagement are required. Design/methodology/approach The level of underlying and practical competencies required for business analysts and the level of user enagement in the IS development environment are collected through the survey. And, the causal relationship between the construct concepts which are underlying competencies, practical competencies and the user participation is analzed through the PLS analysis. Findings The results of this study show that the practial competencies of business analysts that positively have a significant impact on user engaement were studied as requirements development skills. Additionally, the underlying competencies of business analysts which have a significant impact on requirements development skills were examined as business knowledge and interaction skills rather than technical knowledge and communication skills.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2019

This study examines whether auditors restrain the analysts' opportunistic behavior as reviewing the companies' interim reports. Analysts' forecasts show a walkdown pattern in which their optimism has decreased as the earnings announcement date has approached. At the beginning of the year, there is a lack of high-quality benchmark information that enables information users to judge the accuracy of analyst's earnings forecasts. Thus, early in the year, analysts are highly inspired to disseminate optimistic forecasts in order to gain manager's favor. In this study, we examine adequate benchmarks prevent analysts from disclosing optimistically biased forecasts. We conjecture that auditors' efforts might mitigate analysts' walkdown pattern. To test this hypothesis, we use data from Korea, where it is mandatory to disclose auditor's review hours. We find that the analyst forecast's walkdown decreases with the ratio as well as the number of audit hours. It implies that an auditor's effort in reviewing interim financial information has a monitoring function that reduces analysts' opportunistic optimism at the beginning of the year. We conjecture that the tendency will be more pronounced when BIG4 auditors review the interim reports. Consistent with the prediction, BIG4 auditors' interim review effort is more effective in suppressing the analysts' walkdown.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

Purpose - The international market provides a growth momentum for firms by allowing them to tap into a new market. Given information asymmetry between firms and financial analysts, firms' international growth can be perceived as a higher business prospect by analysts. This paper explores the possibility of analysts' over-emphasis on foreign income growth in predicting earnings. Research design, data, and methodology - We utilize a sample of U.S. firms to test the relationship between foreign income growth and analysts' forecast optimism. Our sample of publicly listed and traded U.S. firms between 1976 and 2016 consists of 6,120 firm-year observations. Results - Empirical analyses show that firms that show higher international growth in earnings are likely to face forecast inaccuracy by financial analysts. From the perspective of firms, their earnings are less than what analysts forecasted. Contrary to our prediction on the moderating effect of innovative capabilities, optimistic bias is not intensified - rather, it is reduced - when firms have higher innovative capabilities. Conclusions - Our results imply that while analysts favor firms with higher international growth, innovative capability on the international market places additional risks to firms' operation.