• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.194-205
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• 2020

The characteristics and behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were determined by analyzing the molecular weight fractions and fluorescence properties of water samples in the downstream Nakdong River. Biogeochemical water quality parameters and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) were analyzed at five sampling points in the downstream area of the Nakdong River January-August 2019. The molecular weight fractions of the DOM were separated by the Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD). The DOM predominantly comprised humic substances, followed by the building blocks, low molecular weight neutrals and biopolymers. The hydrophobic (aromatic) and hydrophilic properties were shown as coexisting, as most of the SUVA_254nm values were under four. The FDOM was characterized as humic-like (FDOM_H) with allochthonous origin and protein-like (FDOM_P) with autochthonous origin; the FDOM_H with autochthonous origin was also identified. The FDOM_H relies on the aromaticity of the allochthonous organic matter and increases during summer. The FDOM_H and FDOM_P, which depend on the biodegradable dissolved organic matter from phytoplankton, were highly fluorescent in winter. The allochthonous organic matter was the dominant factor contributing to the behavior of the DOM, externally introduced to the river by rainfall. The FDOM only minimally contributed to the behavior of the DOM. It can be explained as the seasonal characteristics of the DOM, varied by the source of the organic matter.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study were to identify the physical therapist's turnover experience in Busan Metropolitan city and its related general factors, and to investigate the turnover, moving-in and out rate. Methods: First Data were collected from 102 physical therapists who working in Busan Metropolitan city using structured questionnaires and then second data collected from who call to directly. Results: Physical therapists expressed high level of turnover experience. Physical therapist's turnover experience was significantly different by their age, marital status, sex, working place and career. In proportion of the total increasing rate of physical therapist and turnover rate was increased. Conclusion: To prevent or reduce physical therapist's turnover rate, more research about causal relationships of physical therapist's turnover should studied.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.687-698
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• 2012

This study investigates the level of elementary school parents' satisfaction and recognition on the education gap between the eastern and western part of the Busan Metropolitan City. The gist of the discussion centers on the equal educational opportunities of the schooling, non-schooling. To accomplish this research, we practice the questionaries about the education development in Busan to 234 parents who reside in the eastern and western part in Busan. The results of survey are as follows. First of all, there is a broad distinction between the two area about parents' attitude towards children. Second, the results of schooling satisfaction are higher in eastern Busan area. Third, the parents of eastern part also show their satisfaction of schooling support. The results indicate that nation and local government must develop the short and long range plan for students from low-income families.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1213-1226
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• 2013

$PM_{10}$ concentration is related to the meteorological variables including to local and synoptic meteorology. In this study the $PM_{10}$ concentrations of Busan in 2007~2011 were analyzed and the days of yellow sand or rainfall which is more than 5 mm were excluded. The sections of $PM_{10}$ concentration were divided according to 10-quantiles, quartiles and 90-quantiles. The 90-quantiles of daily $PM_{10}$ concentration were selected as high concentration dates. In the high concentration dates the daily mean averaged cloudness, mean daily surface wind speed, daily mean surface pressure and PBL height were low and diurnal variation of surface pressure and daily maximum surface temperature were high. When the high $PM_{10}$ dates occurred, the west and south wind blew on the ground and the west wind blew strongly on the 850 hPa. So it seemed that long range transboundary air pollutants made effects on the high concentration dates. The cluster analysis using Hysplit model which is the backward trajectory was made on the high concentration dates. As a result, 3 clusters were extracted and on the short range transboundary cluster the daily mean relative humidity and cloudness were high and PBL height was low.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

This study was performed in order to identify the red tide-causing organism and to understand the characteristics of the water quality during the winter of 2015 and 2016 in the Oncheon stream, a tidal river in Busan, where red tide often occurs in the wintertime. Two sites were selected on the stream and the surface water was sampled a total of 28 times during the experimental period. Twelve water quality characteristics, including water temperature, pH, DO, COD, total-N (T-N), total-P (T-P), and salinity were analyzed in order to test water quality. The cell numbers of cryptomonads were counted directly by microscopic observation. The nucleotide sequences of the partial 28S rRNA gene and psbA gene from metagenomic DNA, derived from each sampling site, were analyzed. According to the results, the alga most responsible for the bloom was identified as Teleaulax OC1 sp., which belongs to the cryptomonads. Three items of chl-a, pH, and DO were positively correlated with the cell numbers of the cryptomonads counted at the upper stream of the tidal area (St 1) while eight items of chl-a, TOC, BOD, total-N, COD, SS, pH, and DO were positively correlated with the cells located at the junction between the stream and Su-young river (St 2) in the order.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

As of 2016, Incheon Metropolitan City's cremation ratio was 91.2%, which is the second highest among all metropolitan municipalities nationwide (Busan Metropolitan City: 92.0%). In addition, the number of cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction has been steadily increasing since 2014. It is analyzed that the number of cremation at the inside of the jurisdiction is 16,004, which is 67.3% of total number of cremation, and the number of cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction is 7,779, which is 32.7%. We would like to suggest the following policy suggestions to solve the problems caused by the increase in cremation demand. First, the number of operations of cremation in public facilities located in Gyeonggi-do adjacent to Incheon Metropolitan City is needed to be increased. Second, the extension of the time limit for the use of cremation facilities of the dead people at the outside of the jurisdiction is needed. Third, the charge for cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction has to be increased. Fourth, improvement measures such as relaxation of residency requirements for deaths at the inside of the jurisdiction, who used the public facilities in Incheon Metropolitan City, should be undertaken.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

연구대상지인 부산광역시는 1995년 본격적인 지방 자치 제도의 시행과 함께 광역시로 승격하게 됨에 따라 인구와 공간 부족 문제를 해결하고자 주변지역을 흡수하면서 전체적인 변화를 맞이하였다. 현재는 광역도시로 개편된 지 25년이 지난 시점으로 공간구조차원에서 도시전체의 균형 있는 발전이 이루어지고 있는지 진단해볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미래 공간상호작용을 위한 잠재력의 의미인 인구잠재력을 시공간적으로 적용함으로써 공간구조 변화와 권역별 특징을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 도시기본계획에서 도심 및 부도심으로 설정된 지역을 중심으로 발전은 이루어지고 있었으나, 광역도시 개편에 의해 편입된 강서구와 기장군은 정체된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시전체의 균형발전을 위하여 상대적으로 낙후된 지역에 대한 지역혁신성장 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 추가적으로 도시외곽에 존재하는 개발제한구역에 의해 공간의 발전축이 억제되는 것으로 나타났지만, 연구대상지 내에 개발제한구역이 존재하는 다른 권역은 편입된 지역과 다르게 성장하는 패턴이 나타났다. 따라서 편입지역의 정체 원인을 토지이용규제에 국한할 것이 아니라 지역 특성을 고려한 지속적인 성장 관리방안 수립을 통하여 계획해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

We are based on the results of this study, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, when the utilization rate of public cremation facilities by citizents out of the jurisdiction area was lower, the overall demand for cremation was high. Therefore, the supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities should be carried forward by preferentially focusing on Busan Metropolitan City(4.1%) and Daegu Metropolitan City(17.9%) with low utilization rate by citizens out of the jurisdiction area. Second, the utilization variance of public cremation facilities in the whole six metropolitan cities in the whole nation, was insignificant(1.4%). Therefore, for the efficiency of supply & demand policy of cremation facilities in those six metropolitan cities, the customized-policies considering the characteristics of each metropolitan city should be carried forward in priority. Third, on the basis of 2018, the population size of those six metropolitan cities in the whole nation is from minimum 1.15million to maximum 3.39million as a large city, and relatively, they are facing many difficulties in the expansion for supply & demand of cremation facilities. Therefore, for the smooth construction of cremation facilities, it would be necessary to enforce policies that could disperse the demand for cremation through the joint construction of cremation facilities with other local governments close to each metropolitan city.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.907-913
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• 2010

부산지역에서 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년 동안 임상적으로 HEV 의심 환자 검체 총 2,743건(대변 1,503건, 뇌척수액 1,213건, 인후도찰물 27건)의 검체 중 240건(8.7%)에서 HEV가 검출되었다. 연도별로는 2007년에는 HEV 감염의심 환자 검체 1,001건에서 86건(8.6%)에서 HEV가 분리되었고, 2008년의 경우 979건 중 85건(8.7%), 2009년 763건 중 69건(9.0%)이 분리되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 검체 2,743건 중 1,315건이 6월부터 9월까지 4개월간 의뢰되어 전체 의뢰건수의 48.0%를 차지하였다. HEV는 5월부터 분리율이 증가하기 시작해서 6월(15.5%), 7월(15.8%), 8월(15.3%)에 높게 나타나 HEV 분리가 하절기에 집중되어 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 검사건수 별 양성률은 남자 9.5%, 여자 8.7%로 성별에 따른 분리율의 차이를 찾기는 어려웠으며, 대부분 10세 이하의 연령에서 바이러스가 분리되었다. 분리된 HEV 분리주들에 대하여 VP1 region sequencing을 통하여 HEV의 유전형을 확인하여 HEV-A와 HEV-B 두 종류의 유전자형이 부산지역에서 유행하였음을 확인하였다. HEV-A의 부산지역 분리주 31주를 이용하여 상동성 비교분석을 실시한 결과 분리주 31주 사이에 21.8~100%의 상동성을 보였으며, HEV-B의 부산지역 분리주 41주를 이용하여 상동성 비교분석을 실시한 결과 분리주 41주 사이에 56.0~100%의 상동성 보여 최근 3년간 부산지역에 분리된 HEV 혈청형들 사이에 상동성의 차이를 보이는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이를 볼 때 부산지역에서 유행하는 HEV 내에 상당한 정도의 유전자 변이를 추정해 볼 수 있었다.