• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.337-345
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• 1995

To evaluate the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Eimeria tenella to the chicken treated with dexamethasone(DEX) and testosterone propionate (TES), we administered 0.1ml/chicken of dexamethasone and 40mg/chicken of testosterone propionate at 1-, 2-, and 7-days old, respectively. We also immunized with ND oil-emulsion vaccine at 2 weeks old. After that, we immunized and challenged with 100 and $1{\times}10^5$ oocysts/chicken of E tenella at 2 and 4 weeks old, respectively. And then we investigated the HI titers for ND virus, survival rate, body weight gain, lesion score and the weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus. The titers for ND virus in the groups treated with TES were higher than those in the groups treated with DEX and CON during 3 to 6 weeks. After challenge, the survival rate of testosterone propionate treated-challenged(TES-CHA) and TES-immunized and challenged(TES-V&C) groups were 61.5 and 83.3% and those of the other groups were all 100%. At 1 week after challenge, the lesion scores of TES-CHA group(4.0) was the highest of all experimental groups. Those of DEX and controlchallenged( CON-CHA) groups were 2.8, and those of all V&C groups were 2.4. During 1 and 2 weeks after immunization, the body weight gains of TES groups were severe low(61.6-82.2g and 189.6-260.4g). During 1 and 2 weeks after challenge, the body weight gains of all CHA groups were lower than those of not challenged groups. But, those of all V AC groups were not different from those of not immunized groups. At 4- and 6-weeks old, the weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus in the chicken of all TES groups were lower than those of all control (CON) and DEX groups. Therefore, testosterone propionate acted as immunosuppressive drug. Also, it was thought that the chicken affected a little humoral immunity to E tenella.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Weissella koreensis (Wk), a prominent kimchi lactic acid bacteria supplementation on growth performance, nutrients utilization, gut microbiota and meat characteristics in broiler chicken. Both live and killed Wk was compared to know which could be more efficacious as a feed probiotics. Three Wk supplemented groups and no Wk supplemented group were designated according to supplementation levels and cell status. Those were; Control (no Wk), 0.1 % live Wk (LWk 0.1), 0.5% live Wk (LWk 0.5) and 0.5% killed Wk (KWk 0.5). Body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were improved (P<0.05) by dietary LWk supplementation. KWk did not exert any benefit on growth performance. Crude protein utilizability of KWk supplemented diet was lower (P<0.05) than that of other diets. However, there were no differences among treatments in other nutrients utilization. Serum IgG concentration and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was highest (P<0.05) in broiler chicken fed KWk 0.5 diet. Cecal anaerobic lactic acid bacteria count of LWk groups were higher (P<0.05) than those of control and KWk 0.5 groups. Dietary Wk supplementation failed to lower the count of cecal and fecal E. coli. There was no effect of dietary Wk on TBARS values and fatty acids profile of broiler leg meat. However, the dietary supplementation of Wk exerted characteristic difference on electronic nose flavor of broiler meat. This study showed that dietary supplementation of LWk was able to improve body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and cecal lactic acid bacterial count in broiler chicken. Further, the result of this study implemented that a live kimchi lactic acid bacteria, LWk, but not killed Wk, could be used as a probiotic feed supplement for broiler.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.93-108
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• 1981

This investigation includes the sick soil phenomenon caused by the self-poisoning of Setaria italica, Sorghum nervosum, Zea mays and Miscanthus sinensis among Poaceae. It elucidates whether the poison is directly excreted from the root or the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in the soil; the effect of Miscantus sinensis on the germination and growth of other plants, and the effect of Zea mays grown between furrows to shade Angelica gigas on its growth. The results obtained are as follows; Supplied with the leakage water from the pots, in which the same plants as the test ones were grown, in anticipation of the poison to be directly excreted from their roots, Sataria itlaica and Zea mays exhibited the growth inhibition more than 30%, whereas Sorghum nervosum and Miscanthus sisnensis were not effected in growth at all. When cultivated in the soils mixed with the roots of the some plants as the test ones, in anticipation of the poison to be the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in soil, Setaria italica and Zea mays showd growth inhibition of more than 50%, which is greater than that of the case of the leakage water, and Miscanthus sinensis exhibited no inhibition either, whereas Sorghum nervosum in the 50% plot showed heavy growth inhibition of more than 80% to the case of the leakage water. The common or uncommon plants found easily in the group of Misscanthus scinenis were not affected by the extracts of the steam and leaves of Miscanthus sinensis in germination and growth. Supplied with the leakage water from the pots in which Miscanthus sinensis was grown, among Lespedeza crytobotrya, Oenothera odorata, Raphanus sativus val'. acarlthiformis, Zoysia japonica, Patrinia scabiosaefolia. which are easily found in the group of Miscanthus sinensis, only Patrinia scabiosaefolia was slightly inhibited in growth in the 100% plot, whereas the others did not show any inhibition at all. Mean while, Amaranthus patulus. Solanum nigrum, Capsella bursa-pastoris val'. triangularis, Alopecurus amurensis, Chenopodium album val'. centrorubrum, which could not be found in the group of Miscanthus sinensis, were all distinctly inhibited. In the experiment on the effect of Zea mays on the growth of Angelica gigas, its growth was severely inhibited by one-half to two thirds with the increased concentration in both the cases of growing in the mixture of the soil and the powdered root of Zea mays and being supplied with the leakage water from the pot in which Zea mays was grown.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1984

This study was conducted to select herbicides effective for upland crops and to investigate the cause of crop injury in peanut cultivated with mulching. Crop such as radish (Raphanus acanthiformis Moor.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica raps L.), soybean (Glycine max Merr.), Peanut (Archis hypogaea L.), and marsh mallow (Malva olitoria Nakai) were tolerant to napropamide [2-(${\alpha}$-naphthoxy)-N, N-diethylpropionamide], alachlor [2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], trifluralin (${\alpha},{\alpha},{\alpha}$-trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropylp-toluidine) and nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenylether). Napropamide, diphenamide (N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylacetamide) and alachlor were safe for red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L. and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), while trifluralin, nitrofen and chlonitrofen (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ether) could be used for water melon (Citrullus battich Forsk.), carrot (Daucus carota L.) and lettuce (Lactuca scariola L.) without crop injury. Out of nine major weed species studied, Capsella bursa-pastoris Medicus was the most resistant species to the herbicides tested. Napropamide and alachlor could not control P. hydropiper, while P. oleracea and C. album were tolerant to diphenamide :and alachlor, respectively. Urea herbicides such as methabenzthiazuron [3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,3-dimethylurea], linuron [3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl~l-methoxy-i-methyl urea], and isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl) -1, 1-dimethylurea]gave a great injury to the crops studied. The weeding effect was greater for broadleaf weeds than for grasses. Isoproturon and linuron provided good selectivity for marsh mallow and carrot, respectively. In peanut, the crop injury caused by Four herbicides studied was greater when cultivated with mulching than when cultivated without mulching. With dinitroaniline herbicides the crop injury decreased as the gaseous herbicide was removed out of mulching. Alachlor gave little phytotoxicity to peanut grown under mulching condition and nitralin [4-(methylsuphonyl)-2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropylaniline] showed less toxicity to the peanut than pendimenthalin (3,4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitro-N-1-ethyl propylaniline) and trifluralin.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1982

This study was conducted to evaluate the important weed occurring in orchard and to establish on effective control method using combination of non-selective foliar applied herbicide followed by soil treated herbicide. In terms of quantity, Calysregia hederacea, Artemisia princeps, Ixeris chinensis, Cephalonopios segetum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Trifolium repens, Digitarta sanguinalis in order were observed to be the most important weeds in May, In July the most dominant weeds were D. sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum hydropiper, Acalypha australis, Artemlsia prtnceps, Miscanthus sinensis in order, showing D. sanguinalis to be the dominant species. D. sanguinalis was one single dominant species till autumn, followed by A. lividus, P. oleracea, A. australis. Simpson's index, 0.159 obtained in May just before herbicide application increased to 0.253 in July and again decreased to 0.233 in Sept. in the oxyfluorfen treated plot, meaning that no specific weed species were dominant, while in the untreated plot, D. saguinalis was relatively single dominant species, showing Simpson's index, 0.540 and this trend was mainained till autumn. The most effective herbicide to control D. sanguinalis and other annuals was oxyfluorfen at 0.47kg a.i./ha. when applied at preemergence treatment, showing more than 80% control of them for 65 days. The results suggest that paraquat at 32/ha (prod.) as the foliar application followed by oxyfluorfen 0.47kg a.i./ha applied as the preemergence at one week after paraquat treatment can maintain the clean orchard more than 65 days, showing one of the promising and applicable control system in orchard.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1992

Seventy-five commercial male day-old broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of Oxytetracycline(OTC) and Lonicera japonica Thunberg(LJT) to be active in anti-bacteria and anti-virus on the growth rate, carcass rate and various intestinal organs sizes in broiler at 3 wk of age. Five experimental diets were formulated to have similar protein and energy levels, with OTC 0.04％ as low-level antibiotics and OTC 0.34％ as high-level antibiotics and 0.5％, 1.0％, 3.0％ level of LJT. Birds were housed randomly in 15 battery cages. Birds were 3 replicates per treatment and 5 chicks per replicate. In the body gain, 0.5％ level of LJT addition grew significantly higher than the other birds. The feed intake and feed efficiency were not significantly between other birds. The addition levels in OTC and LJT did not any consistent effect on the carcass rate. However, the chest meat percentage vs carcass volume in LJT 0.5％ treatment and the leg meat percentage vs carcass volume in DTC 0.04％ addition level were significantly higher than those of birds fed other diets. The liver weight rate was significantly higher in OTC 0.04％ level. However, the 0％ and LJT levels did not exert any consistent effect on the weights of gizzard, heart, bursa of fabricius, head and spleen of broilers. The abdominal and gizzard surrounding fat content rate was higher in bird LJT 1.0％ level than birds fed other levels.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bacteriophage CP supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, visceral organ weight, meat quality and fecal microflora in broilers. A total of 340 1-d-old ROSS 308 broilers (mixed gender) with an initial average body weight (BW) of $41.14{\pm}0.17g$ were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicate pens per treatment and 17 broilers per pen for 31 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) CON, control diet, 2) CP05, CON + 0.05% bacteriophage CP, 3) CP10, CON + 0.10% bacteriophage CP and 4) CP15, CON + 0.15% bacteriophage CP. During d 15 to d 31, broilers fed CP15 diet had higher (P<0.05) body weight gain and feed intake than broilers fed CON diet. Overall, body weight gain in CP10 and CP15 treatment groups was greater (P<0.05) than that in CON treatment and feed intake was higher (P<0.05) in CP15 treatment than that in CON. Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. The water holding capacity of breast meat increased (P<0.05) in broiler fed the diets containing bacteriophage CP compared with those fed the CON diet. Other meat characteristics such as pH value, breast muscle color ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) and drip loss were unaffected by dietary supplementation of bacteriophage CP. The weight of bursa of Fabricius increased (P<0.05) in CP05 when compared with CON. No significant difference was observed (P>0.05) among treatments in visceral weight and fecal microflora concentrations of Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.10 and 0.15% bacteriophage CP could improve the growth performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the combination feeding of β-glucan and multi-species probiotics on growth performance, various lipid concentrations of serum, antibody production and cecal microbial profiles in broiler chicks. A total of six hundred 1-d-old male broiler chicks were divided into five groups, placed into four pens per group(30 birds per pen) and fed one of five non-medicated experimental diets(T1, 0.15% multi-species probiotics; T2, 0.1% β-glucan+0.15% multi-species probiotics; T3, 0.3% multi-species probiotics; T4, 0.1% β-glucan+0.3% probiotics or devoid them as control) for 5 wk. There was no significant difference in feed intake among the groups. The average weight gains and FCR in groups fed diet containing 0.3% probiotics were significantly improved(p<0.05) than control in finisher period(22-35d). The concentration of serum cholesterol ester in groups fed 0.3% probiotics were significantly lowered(p<0.05) as compared to that of the control. Relative weights of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, breast and leg were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The average ND or IB antibody titers in groups fed diets containing β-glucan and probiotics were tended to be increased, but not significantly. The number of cecal lactic acid bacteria was significantly increased(p<0.05) by the dietary β- glucan and probiotics. These results indicated that dietary β-glucan and probiotics exerted a growth- promoting and immune-enhancing effects on broiler chicks. In addition, yeast derived β-glucan, and multi-species probiotics modulated the profiles of cecal microflora, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics for feeding broiler.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2009

Purpose: We retrospectively studied the outcomes of the shoulder impingement syndrome for the treatment of the ultrasound-guided subacromial bursal steroid injection. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six shoulders of sixty-two patients with shoulder impingement syndrome treated from March, 2006 to April, 2009 were involved in this study. All cases underwent standardized, nonoperative treatment protocol consisting of 5~12 MHz high resolution ultrasound-guided local steroid injection into the subacromial bursa in modified Crass position. The shoulder range of motion, VAS score and impingement signs were evaluated during the initial and 1year visits. After injection, shoulder elevation exercise was encouraged. Statistical analysis with ANOVA model and Tukey's post-hoc test with the significance level at 5% were performed using SAS program. Results: All cases showed improved range of motion without limitation of shoulder function at immediate post-injection, 6-week, 3-month and 1year visits. The average VAS score at one year follow-up decreased to 2.85 from 6.47 before injection. In all cases the impingement signs became negative immediate after injection. However, 6 cases showed positive impingement signs after 6-week, which became negative after reinjection. The range of motion and VAS score were improved at one-year follow-up compared to initial visit (p<0.0001). No complication was noted at all follow-up period. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided subacromial steroid injection alleviated the need of surgery, because it was successful in all our cases to improve pain and function of the shoulders until one year follow-up period.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty one-day old broiler chicks were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU; resveratrol 20 ppm; resveratrol 200 ppm; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days, and, at the age of 35 days, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood samples collection. There were no significant differences on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. But final body weight and weight gain in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments were significantly higher than no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on carcass rate and relative organ weights among treatments, however, weights of liver and bursa of februcius in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatment were lower than other treatments. Weight of pancreas was high in resveratrol and methylated treatment. On the cecal microflora (total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp., and lactic acid bacteria), these in resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments didn't show the differences compared with those in no-antibiotics, antibiotics, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments. In the serum, there were no significant differences on creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among treatments, though globulin contents of reseveratrol 200 ppm and methylated resveratrol 20 ppm treatments decreased compared to those of other treatments. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased in antibiotics and resveratrol treatments compared to that of no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity tended to increase in resveratrol groups (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference on malondiakdehyde (MDA) content among treatments. In conclusion, these results showed that resveratrol derived from mulberry can be used as alternative of antibiotics through improvement of broiler's performance and maintain of health.