• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 1987

Infection has assumed increased importance as a cause of death among thermally injured individuals. Decreased treatment effectiveness and an increase in mortality are the hallmarks of nosocomial infection. Infection control is a monumental task that must be achieved to reduce mortalities. This was a retrospective study to survey the epidemiological features of nosocomial infections in a burn unit and to identify the possibilities for infection control. During the past 6 year 2 month period from July, 1981 to August, 1987, 306 burn patients were treated in the burn unit of university hospital. Among of these, 290 cases were the subjects of this study. The data were collected from the patients' records after discharge. All data collected were analyzed using percent, x$^2$-test, t-test with SPSS program. The results of this study are summariged as follows: 1) Infection rate was 40%. According to site, there were 67 cases of wound infection, 60 cases of post-operative skin graft infection, 20 cases of septicemia and 20 cases of donor site infection. As far as the burn size was concerned, the infection rate for patients whose burn size ranged 61 to 70%, was shown to be 100%, followed by the infection rate of 93.8%, for patients whose burn size ranged from 41~50%. As far as the period of time over which the infection developed, 5 to 7 days showed the highest frequency. Further infection was the main cause of deaths and complications. 2) Based upon the results obained by comparing the general characteristics, between a hospital infection-group and non-hospital infection group, there was a significant defference according to age, the time of the year when the accident happened, the place of accident or length of hospital-admission. And according to the result obtained by comparing the general characteristics of the burn, there was a significant difference according to burn size, burn depth, burn type, and burn site. And also based upon the result obtained by comparing the two groups according to method of treatment, there was a significant difference according to the use of antibiotics and to the type of wound-treatment, and for the 8 different binds of treatment related to infection, there was a significant difference for all. In conclusion, age, length of hospital-admission, burn size, burn type, burn site, burn depth, type of woundtreatment and the 8 different binds of treatment, which are related to burns, were shown to be the factors which affect the infection rate in burn patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2023

Initial burn wound care is one of the important factors in the outcome of burn treatment. In this study, we tried to develop spray-type alginate hydrogel dressing with advantages such as promoting wound healing, reducing pain, and increasing ease of use for emergency burn treatment. Spray implementation, physical properties, and cytotoxicity of the newly developed spray-type alginate hydrogel dressing were evaluated. As a result, a new functional spray-type hydrogel dressing with excellent physical properties and biocompatibility was developed along with the development of spray able containers, and it was confirmed that it could be applied as a treatment for skin regeneration in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2008

Purpose: When choosing dressing method to treat skin defect by second degree or higher burn, we have to consider method of rapid epithelization and minimization of pain during the treatment. In this study, we used biologic dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes for skin defect due to burn. We followed up the degree of epithelization, the degree of pain, and patient satisfaction. Methods: From June 2003 to June 2006, among the patients with skin defect due to burn, 31 cases with second degree burn(moderate to severe) were selected and biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes were done. 21 cases did not use cultured allogenic keratinocytes. Most of the patients had second degree burn. We applied cultured allogenic keratinocyte by Kaloderm. For wounds that were not deep enough to effect the dermis, escharectomy was done before applying Kaloderm. After the operation, moist wound site was maintained by dressing with saline gauze for 5 - 7 days. We compared the condition of the wound site before and after applying Keloderm by grading epithelization by standardized percentage scoring scale(1 - 5), and degree of pain and patient satisfaction by visual analogue scale(0 - 10). Results: When cultured allogenic keratinocytes were applied for the same period of time, the mean score of epithelization were $3.29{\pm}0.529$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). Without the application, the mean score of epithelization were $2.86{\pm}0.655$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). The degree of pain was $7.71{\pm}1.419$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $2.35{\pm}0.950$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. The patients' satisfaction score was $6.45{\pm}0.850$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $8.45{\pm}0.961$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. Conclusion: Applying biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocyte to skin defect due to second degree burn showed satisfactory results in the degree of the epithelization, degree of pain and patients' satisfaction.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment on an infant with burn injury. Methods We treated the infant suffering from burn injury by Korean medical treatment such as acupuncture, Hwangryunhaedoktang extract, Jaungo dressing from March 15th, 2016 to March 26th, 2016. This efficacy of treatment was evaluated with observation. Results After this treatment, burn wound size was reduced and skin tissue regeneration was accelerated. As time passes, pigmentation was faded. Conclusions This case report showed that the Korean medical treatment is effective in the treatment of pediatric burn. However further case studies are still required to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 1999

Burns can be caused by fire, chemicals, heated object and fluids. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. Algin is known as natural polymer marine plants, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by Algin. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burned and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of histological and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from Algin was effective in formation of the new tissue and reduction of inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.285-293
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• 2007

Burn is a dermal injury mainly caused by heat. It occurs by flame, boiling water or liquid, steam, sparks, chemicals, radiation, and electricity. Burn is classified as four grades depending on how deep into the skin a person is burned. As the deep second-degree burns possibly leave scars, it can have various physical, psychological, and aesthetical effects with seriousness on the patient with a burn. This report is on the 50-year-old female patient who had a burn with boiling water and a mixture condition of superficial and deep second degree burn. The Korean medical treatments such as Herbal acupuncture, Herbal medication, Acupuncture, Herbal-ointment were used for 17 days to treat effectively the patient with a mixture of superficial and deep second degree burn. It is difficult to find out the report that treats a burn with Korean medical treatment. If more clinical treatments as in this report are proved to be effective, we are able to expect that Korean medical treatment should be a good treatment in burn.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2020

Anterior neck burns represent a major reconstructive challenge due to severe sequalae including restriction in movement and poor aesthetic outcomes. Common treatment options include skin grafting with/without dermal matrices, and loco-regional and distant free flap transfers with/without prior tissue expansion. Such variation in technique is largely influenced by the extent of burn injury requiring resurfacing. In order to optimize like-for-like reconstruction of the anterior neck, use of wide, thin and long flaps such as the anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap have been reported with promising results. Of note, some patients have a tendency towards severe scar contractures, which may be contributed by the greater extent of inflammation during wound healing. We report our experience at 4 years' followup after secondary reconstruction of severe, anterior neck burn contractures in two patients by harvesting the ALT flap with a butterfly design. This technique provides adequate wound resurfacing of the burned neck and surrounding areas, and provides good neck extensibility by addressing both anterior and lateral aspects of the scar defect simultaneously. Such a flap design reduces tension on wound edges and thus, the risk of contracture recurrence in what remains a particularly challenging type of burn reconstruction.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.440-446
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• 2010

Array-based gas sensors now offer the potential of a robust analytical approach to odor measurement for medical use. We are developing a fast reliable method for detection of microbial infection by monitoring the headspace from the infected wound. In this paper, we present initial results obtained from wound-state monitoring for burn patients using an electronic nose incorporating an automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) desorption system to enable the system to be used for clinical validation. SPME preconcentration is used for sampling of the headspace air and the response of the sensor module to variable concentrations of volatiles emitted from SPME fiber is evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies prove that living bacteria, the typical infectious agents in clinical practice, can be distinguished from each other by means of a limited set of key volatile products. Principal component analysis results give the first indication that infected patients may be distinguished from uninfected patients. Microbial laboratory analysis using clinical samples verifies the performance of the system.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2001

The pedicled fillet flap concept has been successfully applied in both the upper and lower extremities for the treatment of difficult wounds. However, in case of complete extremity amputation in eletrical burn patient, the transfer of pedicled flaps from the amputated part is not possible. In such instances, we have designed total arm musculocutaneous free-fillet flaps from the amputated limb to provide wound coverage, when replantation of the amputated part was contraindicated. now we present such a case. This technique allows immediate wound coverage without the morbidity of an additional donor site. The flap provides the ideal combination of large surface area, muscle bulk, and long vascular pedicle. It can be dissected rapidly to minimize ischemic time and could therefore be applicable to traumatic forequarter amputations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2019

Full-thickness scalp burns secondary to hair coloring are rare; however, such defects can be large and complex reconstruction of hair-bearing tissue may be necessary. Many skin-stretching devices that use gradual traction have been applied to take advantage of the viscoelastic properties of the skin. A 21-year-old female patient was seen with a burn defect on her occipital scalp leading to exposed subcutaneous tissue after chemical application of hair coloring in a salon. The dimensions of the wound were $10cm{\times}5cm$, and a skin graft or flap would have been necessary to close the defect. Two long transfixing K-wires (1.4 mm) and paired 3-wire threads (23 gauge), which are readily available in most hospitals, were applied over a period of 12 days for trichophytic closure of the defect. The remaining scalp scars after primary trichophytic closure with this skin-stretching method were refined with hair follicle transplantation. This skin-stretching method is simple to apply and valuable for helping to close problematic areas of skin shortage that would otherwise require more complicated procedures. This case shows a relatively unknown complication of hair coloring and its treatment.