• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Background: Electronic moxibustion has the advantage of temperature control and maintenance, and overcomes the limitations of the existing moxibustion process without the use of the combustion process. However, as the application of electronic moxibustion in clinical practice has increased, safety issues are emerging. Methods: Clinical cases of electronic moxibustion treatment for knee osteoarthritis where burns occurred were collected. In addition, adverse events reported in clinical studies using electronic moxibustion for patients with knee osteoarthritis were collected from studies retrieved from Korean and international databases. Results: There were 3 cases of superficial 2^nd degree burns retrospectively collected through chart reviews. Among the selected 5 studies for literature review, 2 studies reported adverse events which were burns milder than those reported in these 3 cases in this retrospective case review. Conclusion: Since the risk of superficial 2^nd degree burn was discovered in the cases reviewed, further research on safe electronic moxibustion treatment is required without compromising the effectiveness of moxibustion.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2013

This paper presents high voltage operation sensing boost converter with high side current. Proposed topology has three functions which are high voltage driving, high side current sensing and low voltage boost controller. High voltage gate driving block provides LED dimming function and switch function such as a load switch of LED driver. To protect abnormal fault and burn out of LED bar, it is applied high side current sensing method with high voltage driver. This proposed configuration of boost converter shows the effectiveness capability to LED driver through measurement results.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1985.07a
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• pp.55-60
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• 1985

A state-space model of a burn through point control system of an industrial sintering process is derived. The model is then used in designing a self-tuning controller which consists of the receding horizon control law and a least-squares prediction algorithm. By applying this adaptive controller to POSCO sintering process IV, satisfactory expermental results have been obtained. Some of these practical results are presented in this paper.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2011

The char burn-out and NOx emissions from sub-bituminous coal were investigated in drop tube furnace under $O_2/N_2$ and $O_2/CO_2$ environments with different $O_2$ concentrations of 12, 21 and 31%. Results show that the char burn-out rate is faster as $O_2$ concentration increases higher and char burn-out rate under $O_2/CO_2$ decreases due to the lower oxygen diffusion into coal surface through the $CO_2$ rich boundary layer. NO concentration increases with increasing $O_2$ concentration, but declines at $O_2$ concentration of 31%. Meanwhile, NO emission indexes decreases monotonically with increasing $O_2$ concentration, which indicates that more NO reduction occurs with higher $O_2$ concentration probably due to greater HCN formation. For all conditions of $O_2$ concentration, the NO concentration under $O_2/N_2$ maintains higher than those of $O_2/CO_2$ due to presence of thermal NO.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-220
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 12 mothers who have cared for a child who had chronic illness. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simutaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 34 concepts were identified as a result of analyzing the grounded data. Ten categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity, negative change, anxiety, devotion normalization and burn-out. Causal conditions included : lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity and change ; central phenomena : anxiety, being perplexed ; context. seriousness of illness, support ; intervening condition : belief action/interaction strategies devotion, overprotection ; consequences : normalization, burn-out. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-anxiety. The process of experiencing uncertainty was 1) Entering the world of uncertainty, 2) Struggling in the tunnel of uncertainty, 3) Reconstruction of the situation of uncertainty. Four hypotheses were derived from the analysis : (1) The higher the lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliaity, change, the higher the level of uncertainty (2) The more serious the illness and the less the support, the higher the level of uncertainty. (3) The positive believes will influence the devoted care and normalization of the family life. Through this substantive theory, pediatric nurses can understand the process of experiencing maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other uncertainties may contribute to a formal theory of how normalization is achieved in the family with chronically ill child.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.16-21
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• 2020

This paper describes the jamming characteristics of a stand-off jammer jamming the LPI radar. The LPI radar reduces the side lobes of the receiving antenna to reduce the effect of jamming. It is easy a radar to predict the effect of jamming on a self-protection jammer where the jammer is in the same position as the target. However, for stand-off jammer jamming at different locations from the target, the prediction of jamming effect is complex. In this paper, the jamming effect of LPI radar is analyzed using signal to jamming ratio and burn-through range. Also, when the antenna's side lobe decreases below -30 dB, the stand-off jamming effect in the side lobe direction is weak. So we proposed a new jamming method for the main lobe and analyzed the jamming effect. This study is expected to be useful for the design and operation of aircraft jammers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

This study was designed to provide basic data applicable to fire investigation through consideration of combustion products and propose vulnerability of combustibles through analysis of $CO_2$ emission. In order to achieve these research objectives, characteristics of combustion products such as smoke release rate of each part(raw leaves, branches and barks), $CO_2$ emission and ash production were considered targeting on 6 oak species(Quercus variabilis Blume, Quercus aliena Blume, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica Fisch, Quercus dentata Sapling and Quercus acutissima) using cone calorimeter and smoke density tester. As a result, it was found that raw leaves release smoke more relatively than branches and barks, when they burn, and that Quercus variabilis Blume has the highest smoke density. Also, Quercus acutissima released CO and $CO_2$ which are respectively, 6.67 times and 1.43 times more than Quercus variabilis Blume with low $CO_2$ emission. In addition, branches released CO and $CO_2$ more relatively. There was a big difference in ash production among raw leaves(3.1 g), branches(10.5 g) and barks(16.43 g). It was identified that Quercus serrata produces ashes which are nearly 9.95 times more than Quercus variabilis Blume. It demonstrates that Quercus serrata contains relatively higher minerals and that Quercus variabilis Blume can leave lots of traces like stain and carbonization, as it releases smoke a lot and it's difficult to predict visibility, when a forest fire breaks out in its community area. It is also considered that smoke particles containing oil in the air leave strain on the surface of a tree, and that CO and $CO_2$ emission increases, when crown fire to burn branches breaks out.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.96-107
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• 1997

The recent stream to reliability prediction is that it is totally inclusive in depth to consider even the operating and environmental condition at the level of finished goods as well as component itselves. In this study, firstly we present the reliability prediction methods by entire failure rate model which failure rate at the system level is added to the failure rate model at the component level. Secondly we build up the improved bases of reliability demonstration through a, pp.ication of Kaplan-Meier, Cumulative hazard, Johnson's methods as non-parametric and Maximum Likelihood Estimator under exponential & Weibull distribution as parametric. And also present the methods of curve fitting to piecewise failure rate under Weibull distribution, PRST (Probability Ratio Sequential Test), curve fitting to S-shaped reliability growth curve, computer programs of each methods. Lastly we show the practical for determination of optimal burn-in time as a method of reliability enhancement, and also verify the practical usefulness of the above study through the a, pp.ication of failure and test data during 1 year.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

Mixture formation in the cylinder of a lean bum engine has been observed by Laser Induced Fluorescence technique. XeCl laser (308nm) was used to produce a laser sheet. 3-pentanone has been added to iso-octane fuel to produce fluorescence, the intensity of which is proportional to the concentration of the fuel. The laser sheet was introduced through the piston window and the fuel distribution in the vertical plane was observed through a side window. Comparison has been made for the cases of selected fuel injection timing as 0, 360, 405, and 450 CA. For the case of 0 and 360 CA injection, uniform fuel distribution in the combustion chamber has been obtained at the ignition time which is favorable for the high load mode. And the late injection cases, 405 and 450 CA, revealed the stratified formation of rich mixture around the spark plug. That extends the lean misfire limit and reduces cyclic variation in the low load mode.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.621-637
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• 2019

This study verifies the impact of emotional labor of online shopping mall call center counselor on customer orientation and the medium effect of job burnout. The study targets call center counselors from four companies that operate online shopping malls, and 271 copies are used for final data analysis. The results are as follows. First, deep action, a subfactor of emotional labor, has shown to have a significant positive effect on customer orientation. Second, the deep action of emotional labor has shown to have a negative effect on depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, while the surface action has a positive effect on job exhaustion and depersonalization. Third, deep action of emotional labor is found to increase customer orientation through depersonalization and reduced personal achievement, which are sub-factors of job burnout, while surface action of emotional labor is mediated by depersonalization, lowering customer orientation. The results of this study confirm that it is necessary to increase deep action and reduce job burn-out in order to improve customer orientation. Also, it is meaningful that the study verifies the role and the mediating effect of job burn-out.