• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 지중배전선로를 건설함에 있어 전력케이블용 보호관으로 사용되고 있는 PE파형관의 매설깊이별 작용압력-변형률 특성을 분석하기 위해 고전이론식, 전산해석, 실내 모형토조실험 및 현장실증실험을 수행하였으며, 이들 해석의 비교 분석을 통해 지중매설관의 거동에 영향을 미치는 주요인자를 밝혀내고, 더불어 현장시공시에 지중매설관의 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 매설깊이를 분석하였다. 각 해석방법에 적용된 매설형태는 A-1급 도로포장 아래 매설깊이 80cm, 100cm, 120cm지점에 PE파형관이 묻히고, 외부하중으로 DB-24차량의 후륜하중 9.6ton이 매설관 상단 중앙에 정차했을 때 관이 받는 작용압력-변형률 특성을 분석하였다. 여러 가지 해석결과, KS-C8455에 명시되어 있는 지중연성관의 허용변형률 기준인 3.5%에 만족하는 매설깊이는 약 80cm 이상인 것으로 판명되었다. 특히, 현장 실증 실험결과, 지중매설관의 거동에 영향을 주는 주요인자인 토압, 윤압 외에 다짐에너지가 관의 변형에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 관에 발생하는 변형량의 약 90% 이상이 다짐에너지라는 인자에 의해 발생하는 것으로 계측되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.228-232
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• 1994

보리밭에 우점하여 방제가 어려운 잡초인 갈퀴 덩굴의 최적발아 온도, 휴면타파 온도, 출현심도 그리고 적정 토양수분을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 갈퀴덩굴은 10월 중순에 발생하고, 5월 말에 성숙하며 종자의 특성은 크기가 1-1.2mm, 천립중이 1,478g인 암갈색이었다. 휴면타파 온도는 $5^{\circ}C$가 좋았고 온도가 높을수록 휴면타파 효과는 적었으며, 발아 최적온도는 $10^{\circ}C$이었다. 발아가 잘 되는 토양 심도는 2-5cm 범위이었고, 적정 토양수분은 사양토에서 23.5%이었다. 발 상태에 매몰한 종자의 발아율은 매몰 기간이 길수록 증가하였고, 논에 매몰한 종자는 1개월 후에 모두 사멸하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

If gas is leaking out of gas pipelines, it could cause a huge explosion. Accordingly, it is important to ensure the integrity of gas pipelines. Traditionally, over the years, gas-operating companies have used the ILI system, which is based on axial magnetic flux leakage (MFL), to inspect the gas pipelines. Relatively, there is a low probability of detection (POD) for the axial defects with the axial MFL-based ILI. To prevent the buried pipeline from corrosion, it requires a protective coating. In addition to the potential damage to the coating by environmental factors and external forces, there could be defects on the damaged coating area. Thus, it is essential that nondestructive evaluation methods for detecting axial defects (axial cracks, axial groove) and damaged coating be developed. In this study, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) sensor was designed and fabricated for detecting axial defects and coating disbondment. In order to validate the performances of the developed EMAT sensor, experiments were performed with specimens from axial cracks, axial grooves, and coating disbondment. The experimental results showed that the developed EMAT sensor could detect not only the axial cracks (minimum 5% depth of wall thickness) and axial grooves (minimum 10% depth of wall thickness), but also the coating disbondment.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2022

We assessed the persistence of eight major cruciferous crops-leaf mustard, oilseed rape, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, turnip, and radish-growing in the field. In the first part of our experiment, we tested the viability of seeds that had been buried at two different soil depths for up to 16 months. We then broadcast seeds over the soil surface and left them undisturbed to investigate the survivorship of the resultant plants over two years. Seed viability was significantly affected by plant taxa and burial depth, but not substantially affected by the duration of burial. Although seeds of leaf mustard had the greatest viability among all crops examined here, the viability rates were significantly lower at 2 cm depth than at 15 cm. Seeds of leaf mustard, oilseed rape, broccoli, turnip, and Chinese cabbage remained viable throughout the 16-month period. A study of plant demography revealed that only leaf mustard and oilseed rape succeeded in producing seeds and overwintering in the undisturbed field. However, neither of those species competed well with other plants long-term and their overall growth and survival rates declined during the evaluation period. In addition, insect herbivory severely decreased the growth of all of these crops. Our results suggest that populations of leaf mustard and oilseed rape do not tend to persist in the field for more than a few years without disturbance and external seed inputs.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2008

수직형에 비해 비교적 가격이 저렴하고 냉난방을 동시에 할 수 있는 농업시설에 적합한 10RT 규모의 수평형 지열히트펌프 시스템을 $240m^2$ 면적의 온실에 설치하고, 이 시스템의 냉방성능을 분석하였다. 응축기 출구온도가 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $58^{\circ}C$로 상승함에 따라 소비전력은 11.5kW에서 15kw로 상승하였으며, 고압이 1,617kpa에서 2,450kPa로 변화하였다. 냉방성능계수는 지중온도 $25.5^{\circ}C$에서 2.7 수준이었으며 지온이 상승함에 따라 하강하여 $33.5^{\circ}C$에서 2.0 수준이었다. 또한 온실 내부로부터 흡수하는 열량(냉방열량)은 같은 지중온도 수준에서 각각 28.8kW, 26.5kW이었다. 가동 8시간 후 지열교환기가 설치된 60cm깊이의 지온은 $14.3^{\circ}C$가 상승하였으며 150cm는 $15.3^{\circ}C$가 상승하였다. 반면 지열교환기가 매설되지 않은 60cm 깊이는 2.4, 150cm 깊이는 $4.3^{\circ}C$의 지온상승을 보였다. 열매 체유가 지열교환기를 통과한 후 평균 $7.5^{\circ}C$의 온포가 하강하였으며, 토양온도가 평균 $27.5^{\circ}C$ 수준에서 토양으로 방출하는 열량은 평균 46kw로 지중열교환기의 단위 길이 당 약 36.8W의 열량을 방출하는 것으로 분석되었다. 팬코일 유닛이 온실로부터 흡수하는 냉방 열량은 평균 28.2kW이었으며, 열매체유의 온도는 $4.2^{\circ}C$ 상승하였다. 축열조내 열전달매체유의 온도가 $26.0^{\circ}C$에서 $2.0^{\circ}C$까지 하강하는데 3시간이 소요되었으며, 평균 축열율은 29.7kW, 총 축열량은 321MJ이었다. 또한 $2.0^{\circ}C$까지 냉열을 축열한 후 $25.4^{\circ}C$까지 방열되는 시간은 외기온이 평균 $28.5^{\circ}C$일 때 4시간이었고, 총 313.0MJ의 에너지가 방열되었으며, 이때 평균 방열율은 21.7kW인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1985

1. 시설(施設)하우스내(內)에서 피해(被害)가 큰 토양전염성병원균(土壤傳染性病原菌) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium-debaryanum 6종(種)에 대(對)한 살균(殺菌)에 요(要)하는 처리시간(處理時間)은 $45^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\sim}10$일간(日間), $50^{\circ}C$에서는 4일이내(日以內)이었고 이 중 가장 내성(耐性)이 강한 것은 Fusarium균(菌)과 Pythium균(菌)이었다. 2. 7월(月) 28일(日)${\sim}$8월(月) 18일(日)까지 21일간(日間) house내(內) 일중(日中) 온도변화(溫度變化)는 5cm, 15cm 깊이에서 각각 최고(最高) $57^{\circ}C,\;47^{\circ}C$ 최저(最低) $38^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$이었고 15cm 깊이에서의 $43^{\circ}C$이상(以上) 지속기간은 12시간정도(時間程度)였다. 3. 턴널은 하우스보다 축열효과(蓄熱效果)가 더 좋았으며 멀칭은 멀칭하지 않은 것보다 $3{\sim}7^{\circ}C$정도(程度)의 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 있었고 단열구(斷熱區)가 무단열구(無斷熱區)보다 $5{\sim}9^{\circ}C$정도(程度) 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 좋았다. 4. 약(約) 60%정도(程度)의 관수(灌水)를 하여준 구(區)에서는 $1{\sim}3^{\circ}C$정도(程度)가 높았다. 5. 매몰병원균(埋沒病原菌)의 살균효과(殺菌效果)는 하우스-턴널-단열구(斷熱區)에서 15cm 깊이까지는 처리(處理) 7일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)했고 20cm 깊이에서는 Pythium균(菌)과 Fusarium균(菌)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 14일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 6. 최고(最高)에 달(達)했다가 최저(最低)에 이르는 온도(溫度)의 반복적(反復的)인 파동(波動)이 있는 것에서 없는 것보다 단시간(短時間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 볼 때 하기고온기(夏期高溫期)의 재배(栽培) 휴한기(休閑期)에 PVC film을 사용(使用)하여 하우스를 밀폐(密閉)하거나 턴널을 만들어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)이 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2102-2107
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• 2007

GSHP systems are used for air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings, schools, and factories because of low operating and maintenance costs. These systems use the earth as a heat source in heating and a heat sink in cooling mode. Ground heat exchangers are classified by a horizontal and vertical type according to the installation method. Vertical type is usually constructed by placing small diameter high density polyethylene tube in a vertical borehole. Vertical tube sizes range from 20 to 40 mm nominal diameter. Borehole depth range between 100 and 200 m depending on local drilling conditions and available equipment. In this study, to evaluate the performance of single u-tube with bentonite grouting, single u-tube with broken stone grouting and double u-tube bentonite grouting of vertical ground heat exchangers, test sections are buried on the earth and experimental apparatus is installed. Therefore the heat transfer performance and pressure loss of these are estimated.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Anchors are primarily designed and constructed to resist outwardly directed loads imposed on the foundation of a structure. These outwardly directed loads are transmitted to the soil at a greater depth by the anchors. Buried anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize structures. Various types of earth anchors are now used for the uplift resistance of transmission towers, utility poles, submerged pipelines, and tunnels. Anchors are also used for the tieback resistance of earth-retaining structures, waterfront structures, at bends in pressure pipelines, and when it is necessary to control thermal stress. In this research, we analyzed the uplift behavior of plate anchors in clay using a laboratory experiment to estimate the uplift behavior of plate anchors under various conditions. To achieve the research purpose, the uplift resistance and displacement characteristics of plate anchors caused by the embedment ratio, plate diameter, and loading rate were studied, compared, and analyzed for various cases.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Power demand has continuously increased with technological and economical development. The load density is also growing in the center of downtown area. In particular, underground facilities have been increased on the purpose of the prevention of urban disasters and pedestrian environment improvement. Based on this situation, the underground space in urban surroundings has gradually decreased because of the limited space. The ampacity of buried cables is affected by various factors such as cable size, soil thermal resistance, burial depth and filling material. The thermal capacity of the facilities is determined by the absorb heat surrounding the cable and the soil. The maximum operating temperature of cable is the highest temperature when the insulator of cable is not damaged in the case of high enough temperature. In this paper, the most effective cabling configuration is suggested using the duct array adjustment. It was also considered to increase the number of cable line. This underground distribution system was simulated by using ETAP(Electrical Transient Analysis Program).

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 1998년도 제5차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.48-55
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• 1998

The Pohang Basin is located in Pohang City and adjacent coastal areas in the southeastern Korea. It has a sequence of 900 meters of Neogene marine sediments (Yeonil Group) while offshore basins in the East Sea, e.g., the Ulleng basin, is over 10 Km in thickness. An understanding of the marine Yeonil Group in the Pohang Basin may provide insights into the hydrocarbon potential of the offshore East Sea regions. Heulandite, smectite, dolomite, kaolinite and opal-CT are commonly found as diagenetic minerals in the Yeonil Group. Among these minerals, heulandite occurs as a main cement only in sandstones consisting of volcanic matrix, Smectite composition and diagenetic mineral facies such as heulandite and opal-CT may reflect that the Yeonil Group has undergone shallow burial, temperatures below about 60 degrees. This suggest that sandstones have experiened weak diagenetic alteration. In order to reconstruct the thermal history of the basin, apatite fission-track analysis was carried out. Aapparent apatite fission-track ages (AFTAs) exhibit a broader range of ages from 238 Ma to 27 Ma with mean track lengths in the range of $15.24\pm8.0$ micrometers, indicating that these samples had undergone significant predepositional thermal alteration. The Triassic to Cretaceous AFTAs seem In represent the timing of cooling of their sedimentary sources. Late Cretaceous mean AFTA $(79.0\pm8.0 Ma)$ on the Neogene Yeonil Group indicates that the Yeonil Group had not been buried deeper than 2km since its deposition. The organic matters of. the Pohang Basin remain in the immature stage of thermal evolution because burial depth and temperature were not sufficient enough for maturation even in the deep section of the basin.