• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2010

In this paper we extend the projective properties of representations of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as left R-modules to the projective properties of representations of quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as left $R[x]$-modules. We show that if P is a projective left R-module then $0{\rightarrow}P[x]$ is a projective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as $R[x]$-modules. And we show $0{\rightarrow}L$ is a projective representation of $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as R-module if and only if $0{\rightarrow}L[x]$ is a projective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as $R[x]$-modules. Then we show if P is a projective left R-module then $R[x]\longrightarrow^{id}P[x]$ is a projective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as $R[x]$-modules. We also show that if $L\longrightarrow^{id}L$ is a projective representation of $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as R-module, then $L[x]\longrightarrow^{id}L[x]$ is a projective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as $R[x]$-modules.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2009

We define injective and projective representations of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$. Then we show that a representation $M_1\longrightarrow[50]^{f1}M_2\longrightarrow[50]^{f2}M_3$ of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ is projective if and only if each $M_1,\;M_2,\;M_3$ is projective left R-module and $f_1(M_1)$ is a summand of $M_2$ and $f_2(M_2)$ is a summand of $M_3$. And we show that a representation $M_1\longrightarrow[50]^{f1}M_2\longrightarrow[50]^{f2}M_3$ of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ is injective if and only if each $M_1,\;M_2,\;M_3$ is injective left R-module and $ker(f_1)$ is a summand of $M_1$ and $ker(f_2)$ is a summand of $M_2$.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.83.4-83
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• 2002

$\bullet$ We present a state-feedback RHC for discrete-time TS fuzzy systems with input constriants. $\bullet$ The controller employ the current and one-step past information on the fuzzy weighting functions. $\bullet$ It is obtained from the finite horizon optimization problem with the invariant ellipsoid constraint $\bullet$ Under parameterized LMI conditions on the terminal weighting matrix $\bullet$ The closed-loop system stability is guaranteed. $\bullet$ The parameterized linear matrix inequalities are relaxed to a finite number of solvable LMIs.

• 월간양계
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• 제23권4호통권258호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1991

계사시설, 환경관리, 시설자동화, 자동통제 및 전산화, 계분의 처리와 이용에 관해 검토해 보았다. 노후시설의 개선 또는 계사를 신축할 때는 다음과 같은 사항을 고려하여 계획을 세워야 한다. $\bullet$계사내부의 적정온도 유지를 위한 단열 $\bullet$자동급이 시설, 즉 사료탱크에서 체인 또는 링급이기로 사료의 자동이동 $\bullet$현재의 케이지에 가능한 자동집란 장치 $\bullet$여건이 적합하다면 자동화 케이지로 교체 $\bullet$노출된 급수통을 니플로 교체 $\bullet$계란 유통시 냉장이 완벽히 이루어지지 않는다면 계란 품질 보전을 위한 미네랄 코팅 $\bullet$계분처리방식중 노동력절감 및 공해방지 측면에서 가장 바람직한 형태를 선택 $\bullet$계사를 신축하는 경우 자동화 케이지 시스템과 계류장방식의 계분처리 체계의 선택을 신중히 검토 위와 같은 사항들은 산란계사 시설개선을 위한 의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 확신된다. 의사결정의 최종선택기준은 수익성에 있다!

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.63-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to examine the consideration factors, from both parties' perspective, to select the most appropriate arbitral institution when they inset an arbitration clause in their contract. Accordingly, the author analyzed the advantages of institutional arbitration compared to non-institutional arbitration. The typical advantages of institutional arbitration would include: $\bullet$ Benefits of using an established set of rules $\bullet$ Services provided by the institution $\bullet$ Low risks of obstruction $\bullet$ Enhancement of the possibilities of enforcement $\bullet$ Forecast of the estimated cost $\bullet$ Specially useful for existing disputes Next, this author examined the consideration factors when selecting the institution in respect of the following factors: $\bullet$ Institution's arbitration rules $\bullet$ Institution's rule regarding the appointment of arbitrators $\bullet$ Ability of administrators of each institution $\bullet$ Reputation of the arbitral institution and the likability of enforceability of its award $\bullet$ Cost $\bullet$ Choice of the arbitral institution in relation to the choice of place of arbitration Finally, this author reviewed Model Arbitration Clause of major international or local Institutions, including ICC, AAA, LCIA, KCAB, CIETAC, ICSID and WIPO. Further examination was given to the selection of the numbers of the arbitral tribunal, the seat of arbitration and the language of arbitration, according to the designated articles in each institution's arbitration rules.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 1982

1. 대두단백질의 밀도는 $1300[kg/m^3]$이고 대두유의 밀도는 미동결상태 ($0\sim30^{\circ}C$)에서 $930[kg/m^3]$이고, 동결상태 ($-5\sim-40^{\circ}C$)에서는 $900[kg/m^3]$이였다. 또 3성분계 두부의 밀도를 나타내는 실험식, $\rho_m=1.0{\bullet}X_w^v+1.30{\bullet}X_p^v+0.93{\bullet}X_F^v$(이동결상태) $\rho_m=0.92{\bullet}X_w^v+1.30{\bullet}X_p^v+0.90{\bullet}X_F^v$(동결상태)을 각각 얻었다. 2. 대두단백질의 비열용양은 온도 $30\sim-40^{\circ}C$의 사이에서 1.26[kJ/kg K)로 일정했으나 대두유의경우는 동일 온도역에서 $1.60\sim2.10[kJ/kg{\cdot}K]$의 값을 나타냈다. 또한 3성분계 두부의 비열용양을 나타내는 실험식 $C_{p,m}=4.20{\bullet}X_w^w+1.26{\bullet}X_p^w+2.10{\bullet}X_F^w$(미동결상태) $C_{p,m}=2.00{\bullet}X_w^w+1.26{\bullet}X_p^w+1.60{\bullet}X_F^w$(동결상태)을 각각 얻었다. 3. 일반 식품의 비열용기의 data를 정리한 결과물과 고형분을 Parameter로 다음과 같은 실험식을 얻었다. $C_p=4.2{\bullet}X_w^w+(0.8\sim1.5){\bullet}X_s^w$(미동결상태) $C_p=2.1{\bullet}X_w^w+0.8{\bullet}X_s^w$(동결상태)4. 3종의 두부의 유효열전도도는 수분의 함양이 증가함에 따라 증대하고 지질 및 단백질의 함양이 증가함에 따라 유효열전도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

Adhesives are becoming increasingly accepted for advanced engineering/boding tasks. Therefore the understanding of the basic principles and the benefits of elastic bonding and structural bonding respectively is of utmost importance. Structural bonding means adhesive performance in load-bearing environments. Furthermore. the time to achieve handling strength has an impact on the economics of an assembly line. The paper gives briefly a summary about the fundamentals of elastic bonding and discusses different adhesive systems in the context of handling strength. Hereby the focus lies on the Warm Melt Technology, and its potential is compared to standard adhesives (l-part, 2-part and Booster Technology, a special 2-C system). Examples illustrate their economical benefits. Main Points : ${\bullet}$ The basic principles and benefits of elastic bonding ${\bullet}$ Warm-melt Technology in comparison with standard adhesives ${\bullet}$ Handling strength an economic issue ${\bullet}$ Combination with Booster-Technology, a special 2-C PUR system ${\bullet}$ Presentation of real world applications Learning Objectives: ${\bullet}$ Fundamentals of elastic bonding ${\bullet}$ Warm-melt Technology: correlation between chain length and cristallinity ${\bullet}$ Handling strength and curing speed of various systems in comparison ${\bullet}$ Real world applications illustrate the potential of the Warm-melt Technology.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.27-62
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• 2002

The international sale contract is the central contracts in export-import transactions. A good sale contract or set of general conditions of sale will cover all the principal elements of the transaction, so that uncertainties are avoided. The parties' respective duties as concern the payment mechanism, transport contract and insurance responsibilities, inter alia, will all be clearly detailed in the contract. The following key clauses should be included in international contracts of sale and general conditions of sale: ${\bullet}$ preamble ${\bullet}$ identification of parties ${\bullet}$ description of goods ${\bullet}$ price and payment conditions ${\bullet}$ delivery periods and conditions ${\bullet}$ inspection of the goods - obligations and limitations ${\bullet}$ quantity or quality variations in the products delivered ${\bullet}$ reservation of title and passing of property rights ${\bullet}$ transfer of risk - how accomplished ${\bullet}$ seller's warranties and buyer's complaints ${\bullet}$ assignment of rights ${\bullet}$ force majeure clause and hardship clause ${\bullet}$ requirement that amendments and modifications be in writing ${\bullet}$ choice of law ${\bullet}$ choice of dispute resolution mechanism Under most systems of law, a party can be excused from a failure to perform a contract obligation which is caused by the intervention of a totally unforeseeable event, such as the outbreak of war, or an act of God such as an earthquake or hurricane. Under the American commercial code (UCC) the standard for this relief is one of commercial impracticability. In contrast, many civil law jurisdictions apply the term force majeure to this problem. Under CISG, the standard is based on the concept of impediments to performance. Because of the differences between these standards, parties might be well advised to draft their own force majeure, hardship, or excusable delays clause. The ICC publication, "Force Majeure and Hardship" provides a sample force majeure clause which can be incorporated by reference, as well as a hardship clause which must be expressly integrated in the contract. In addition, the ICC Model provides a similar, somewhat more concise formulation of a force majeure clause. When the seller wishes to devise his own excusable delays clause, he will seek to anticipate in its provision such potential difficulties as those related to obtaining government authorisations, changes in customs duties or regulations, drastic fluctuations in labour, materials, energy, or transportation prices, etc.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.268-283
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 중국의 대표적인 탄막 동영상 사이트인 비리비리(Bilibili)를 중심으로 미디어 노출 신체이미지와 탄막의 이용이 다이어트 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 20대 중국인 여성 310명을 대상으로 온라인 실험 연구가 진행되었으며, 3 (탄막 여부: 탄막 없음 vs. 신체이미지 칭찬하는 탄막 vs. 신체이미지 비판하는 탄막) x 2 (미디어 노출 신체이미지: 이상적 vs. 현실적) 피험자 간 설계로 이루어졌다. 주요 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 이상적인 신체이미지를 칭찬하는 탄막과 현실적인 신체이미지를 비판하는 탄막에서 시청자의 다이어트 의도가 더 강하게 나타났다. 더 나아가, 시청자의 다이어트 의도는 현실적인 신체이미지를 탄막 없이 볼 때보다 이상적인 신체이미지를 탄막과 같이 볼 때, 그리고 현실적인 신체이미지를 비판하는 탄막을 볼 때보다 이상적인 신체이미지를 칭찬하는 탄막을 볼 때 더 강하게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 사회적 시청의 방식 중 하나로서의 탄막의 이용과 수용자의 행동 의도에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2016

An experimental study has been found the air guide grooves for reducing drag. When a bullet is fired and move in the air, the drag is generated. The vortex which is one of the types of drag hinders the movement of the bullet. To solve this phenomenon, cut a negative grooves that we are called the air guiding grooves at the back of bullet. The grooves bullet has identified that the drag compared to conventional ammunition(KM80 and K193) is reduced to 4.480 and 4.054 : 10 % through a Finite Analysis Program($Ansys^{TM}$). Even pressure center was retreating 0.72 % compared to a Bullet(KM80 and K193). Effect obtained with these results is the accuracy of the grooves bullet in a shooting test was improved by over 32 %(KM80: 2.86, air guide grooves : 1.94) compared to conventional ammunition(KM80 and K193). In addition, muzzle velocity is increased 73 m/s. This is expected to be extended the velocity and effective range of bullet. Also, the velocity of the grooves bullet is increased when moving in the air while the velocity of the bullet(KM80 and K193) is reduced. The gas ejected from the muzzle to be balanced and stable flight of the Bullet. Given these effects, we can reckon the air guide grooves have positive influence.