• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2006

The Lowry method was used in this study to measure protein in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines (polyribosylibitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid; PRP-TT) using deoxycholic acid (DOC) to induce protein precipitation. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) did not induce precipitation adequately from the Hib conjugate bulk and the freeze-dried Hib conjugate product. Its yield was approximately 50%. The matrix structure of Hib conjugate inhibits precipitation by TCA. Although the Lowry method can be carried out without precipitation in Hib conjugate bulk when no residual impurities (adipic acid dihydrazide [ADH], 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide-HCI [EDAC], phenol and cyanogens bromide [CNBr], etc.) are present, it cannot be used for Hib conjugate products that contain sucrose 8.5%, because 8.5% concentration of sucrose enhanced the protein concentration. DOC- and HCl-induced precipitation is an alternative method for evaluating the protein content of the Hib conjugate bulk and the Hib conjugate product. The precipitation was optimal with a final concentrate of 0.1% for DOC at $4^{\circ}C$ and pH 2. This Lowry method, using DOC/HCI precipitation to induce protein precipitation, was confirmed a consistent, reproducible, and valid test for proteins in Hib conjugate bulk and its freeze-dried product.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2003

If an optimum design technique is applied in the design of packaging container for bulk-type products, merits on the side of not only economic and compression performance but distribution efficiency are expected. Accordingly, minimum board area (mRBA), compression strength (CS) and compression strength per unit area (mCSPA) are important design parameters in optimum design of packaging container for bulk-type products. In this study, mathematical models for mRBA, CS and mCSPA of container as algorithm for optimum design program were developed. In order to develop these models, compression test by various dimensions of container and response surface analysis for mRBA, CS, and mCSPA of container were carried out. In the developed models, volume, W/L ratio and depth of container were principal independent variables. On the found of these models, optimum design program having faculties of outward and inward optimum design and information design was developed. Though the packaging specifications are same, required board area, board combination and cost of the corrugated board required container manufacture were greatly different by boundary conditions in outward design. Moreover, about 6.3∼10.1% in weight of container was lighter, and about 13.2∼25.6% in cost of container was reduced when the program was applied for 2 kinds of bulk-type products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 1998

In the make-up product, Eye-shadow products have several purposes of enhancing product quality such as providing the beauty (variation of shape, clean appearance), feeling, continuity and adhesion. In this paper, newly developed wet type back injection press process is introduced so as to increase higher value products which providing various the beauty. The solvent takes an essential role to provide the fluidity of the powder bulk during the pressed-process of wet type pressed product. In this study, the effect of solvent in the oil binder was investigated, And the higher quality condition of the wet type pressed product was built to apply cosmetic preparation. Firstly, the system was designed powder phase as non treated pigment. The oil binder phase is categorized as hydrocarbons(Mineral oil, Squalane), Silicones(Methicone, Dimethicone ), esters (Octyldodecanol, Octyl Dodecyl Myristate). The solvent phase used was C 7-8 isoparaffin and Isopropyl Alcohol. The interaction of oil binder and solvent is investigated by measuring mass of final oil binder and the each solubility parameter. It was found that the higher the solubility the higher the degree of change in the final composition of the oil binder. In order to maintain the quality of the final product, the solvent used in pressed-process should be hydrophobic with oil binder.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.891-892
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• 2006

An obstacle is an element for power to small and slim the existing portable communication set. Developed Inductor for Chip-type electric power in needs to solve this. Stack applied Process, and used gap of a magnetic path, and made a height of an element to 1.0T or below, and this development commodity did product for saturation prevention to materials of silver. Saturation current characteristic of Chip-type inductor was low compare with winding-type inductors, but bulk against performance were had superior excellence. Chip-type inductor can raise performance per unit volume compared with the existing inductors at these papers. Therefore, acceleration can get growth of small and slim of a mobile product done, and expect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.40-50
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• 2005

[ $\cdot$ ] Risk is a product of Hazard and Exposure $\cdot$ Cannot assume that nanomaterials are the same as their bulk counterpart $\cdot$ Each particle-type should be tested on a casse-by-case basis

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Recently, the use of recycled fibers was increased in order to replace the virgin pulp for low production cost and forest conservation. However, the recycled fibers decreases drainage rate, papermaking efficiency and product quality by short fibers and low wettability because of hornification. To overcome the limitation of low drainage rate, the technology of organic fillers were applied. Wooden fillers gave high bulk and stiffness of paper, but they reduced the strength of paper. In order to improve strength properties 4 types of strength additives were added and analyzed. Cationic starch, branched strength additive, linear wet strength additive, and linear dry strength additive were used. The drainage rate and paper properties such as bulk, air permeability and tensile strength were measured. As results of analysis, addition of branch type of strength agent such as C-starch was effective than linear type of strength agent in the drainage rate. Nevertheless there was no effect on the drainage rate by adding the pretreated wooden fillers. By adding the pretreated wooden fillers, bulk, air permeability and tensile strength of handsheets were improved with low dosage than non-pretreated fillers.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

International organizations and classification societies established rules and regulations to which shipbuilders and ship operators should comply during design, construction, even operation keeping from hazard to life of crews and ocean environment. Hence, rules and regulations could be guidelines for design and construction of ship sometimes. In practical wise, ship structure designers be predisposed to design lightest and easy-to-product structures which satisfy rules and regulations. Therefore, changes of rules and regulations are remarkably important issue to related industries. In 2006, IACS established and released Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carrier and Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tanker. These CSRs are consolidated and unified rules of class society's rules. But these two rules are different from each other. IACS has plan to release unified rule of two ship type called Harmonized Common Structural Rule for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. This new rule will be effective from July 2015. Hence, bulk carrier and double hull oil tanker whose contract date is on and thereafter July 2015 should be complied with CSR-H. Therefore, it is highly important to be aware of consequences and cause of consequences with respect to CSR-H. The object of this research is to compare requirements of structure scantling in way of midship area for selected target ship according to CSRs and CSR-H and to analysis cause of deviation between two rules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the moisture content of powdered food using RF impedance spectroscopic method. In frequency range of 1.0 to 30㎒, the impedance such as reactance and resistance of parallel plate type sample holder filled with wheat flour and red-pepper powder of which moisture content range were 5.93∼-17.07%w.b. and 10.87 ∼ 27.36%w.b., respectively, was characterized using by Q-meter (HP4342). The reactance was a better parameter than the resistance in estimating the moisture density defined as product of moisture content and bulk density which was used to eliminate the effect of bulk density on RF spectral data in this study. Multivariate data analyses such as principal component regression, partial least square regression and multiple linear regression were performed to develop one calibration model having moisture density and reactance spectral data as parameters for determination of moisture content of both wheat flour and red-pepper powder. The best regression model was one by the multiple linear regression model. Its performance for unknown data of powdered food was showed that the bias, standard error of prediction and determination coefficient are 0.179% moisture content, 1.679% moisture content and 0.8849, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2014

The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non-timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2006

This research is a development of useful S/W program for real industry about optimal product scheduling in real plant for manufacturing polymer products. For this, we used a fine model with total amount of losses in weight(ton) as an objective for optimal scheduling and a genetic algorithm for optimization in this factory they manufacture three different products. Major products are A and B but the product which can be process in the period of products change over. They also sells them as a chap product in market. The major products have several types of packing process-bulk, pack for domestic market, pack for export. The demands of product with each packing type are increased, and frequently they failed keep the deadline for sail. Based on realistic production situation, we composed a fine modeling for optimal scheduling. And we also develop a S/W program for optimal scheduling which can be used by non-specialist in scheduling problem. We used a modified genetic algorithm and it gave us a better solution in process. We can have a result of reducing the total amount of losses in weight by half compared with the losses when existing production schedule.