• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.9.1-9.11
• /
• 2022

Background: Escherichia coli, which causes subclinical or clinical mastitis in cattle, is responsible for transmitting antimicrobial resistance via human consumption of raw milk or raw milk products. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of 183 E. coli from bulk tank milk of five different dairy factories in Korea. Methods: The molecular characteristics of E. coli such as serogroup, virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and integron genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and antimicrobial susceptibility were tested using the disk diffusion test. Results: In the distribution of phylogenetic groups, group D was the most prevalent (59.6%) and followed by group B1 (25.1%). The most predominant serogroup was O173 (15.3%), and a total of 46 different serotypes were detected. The virulence gene found most often was fimH (73.2%), and stx1, fimH, incC, fyuA, and iutA genes were significantly higher in isolates of phylogenetic group B1 compared to phylogenetic groups A, B2, and D (p < 0.05). Among 64 E. coli isolates that showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, the highest resistance rate was observed for tetracyclines (37.5%). All 18 integron-positive E. coli carried the integron class I (int1) gene, and three different gene cassette arrangements, dfrA12+aadA2 (2 isolates), aac(6')-Ib3+aac(6')-Ib-cr+aadA4 (2 isolates), and dfrA17+aadA5 (1 isolate) were detected. Conclusions: These data suggest that the E. coli from bulk tank milk can be an indicator for dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors via cross-contamination.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 2019

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetti that is important not only for livestock but also for humans. This research aims to investigate infection rate of Q fever by examining the prevalence of antibody titers in cattle in Sejong City. From March to October 2018, 505 samples of Hanwoo serum and 47 samples of bulk-tank milk were collected and analyzed using ELISA. According to the result, 25 (53.2%) out of 47 bulk-tank milk samples were antibody positive and 28 (5.5%) out of 505 cows were antibody positive. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii increased with age (<1 y=0%, 1~2 y=4.1%, 3~5 y=7.5%, ≥6 y=9.6%) and was higher in females (6.5%) compared to males (0%).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제58권7호
• /
• pp.24.1-24.7
• /
• 2016

Background: Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite with high adsorption capacity for polar mycotoxins such as aflatoxins. The efficacy of clinoptilolite in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxicosis has been proven in monogastric animals, but there is no such evidence for ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, whether the dietary administration of clinoptilolite in dairy cows could reduce the concentration of aflatoxin M1 ($AFM_1$) in bulk-tank milk, in farms with higher than or close to $0.05{\mu}g/kg$ of milk (European maximum allowed residual level). An objective of the present study was also to investigate the effect of particle size of clinoptilolite on aflatoxin binding. Methods: Fifteen commercial Greek dairy herds with AFM1 concentrations in bulk tank milk ${\geq}0.05{\mu}g/kg$ were selected. Bulk tank milk AFM1 was determined prior to the onset and on day 7 of the experiment. Clinoptilolite was added in the total mixed rations of all farms at the rate of 200 g per animal per day, throughout this period. Two different particle sizes of clinoptilolite were used; less than 0.15 mm in 9 farms (LC group) and less than 0.8 mm in 6 farms (HC group). Results: Clinoptilolite administration significantly reduced $AFM_1$ concentrations in milk in all farms tested at an average rate of 56.2 % (SD: 15.11). The mean milk $AFM_1$ concentration recorded on Day 7 was significantly (P < 0.001) lower compared to that of Day 0 ($0.036{\pm}0.0061$ vs. $0.078{\pm}0.0074{\mu}g/kg$). In LC group farms the reduction of milk $AFM_1$ concentration was significantly higher than HC group farms ($0.046{\pm}0.0074$ vs. $0.036{\pm}0.0061{\mu}g/kg$, P = 0.002). As indicated by the Pearson correlation, there was a significant and strong linear correlation among the milk $AFM_1$ concentrations on Days 0 and 7 (R = 0.95, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary administration of clinoptilolite, especially of smallest particle size, at the rate of 200 g per cow per day can effectively reduce milk $AFM_1$ concentration in dairy cattle and can be used as a preventive measure for the amelioration of the risks associated with the presence of aflatoxins in the milk of dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the of rearing native and cross-bred dairy cows and returns received from them. For this purpose, 144 cows of 132 household from 24 villages were randomly selected. of them, 96 were native cows and 48 were cross-bred cows. The study revealed that among the structure of cost components, labour charge occupied the major share in the total cost of milk production per litre. The total cost of rearing native and cross-bred cows was Tk. 14,155 and Tk. 19,854 per annum, respectively. The average net cost of milk production per litre was Tk. 14.12 for native cows and Tk. 0.52 and for cross-bred cows were Taka 3.40. The benefit-cost ratio of milk per litre was higher (1:1.33) in cross-bred cows than native ones (1:1.04). The study further showed that in comparing with bulk line cost, the price of milk per litre received by the farmers was higher in cross-bred cows than native cows. Therefore, the study recommends dairying with cross-bred cows as encouraging and viable commercial enterprise in Banfladesh.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.227-230
• /
• 2016

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. This is the first large scale report to estimate the herd-level prevalence of antibodies against MAP by using an ELISA to detect antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. The samples were collected from January 2011 to November 2011, from 636 herds of the dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas of Korea. The overall apparent prevalence of MAP antibody-positive herds was 8.5%, and regional prevalence were 32/440 (7.3%) and 22/196 (11.2%) of dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas, respectively. The results did not differ significantly by region. While we have determined the prevalence rate of MAP in the Gyenoggi and Chungbuk areas in this study, there is a continuing need for well-designed studies to calculate the prevalence of MAP in dairy herds based on culture and molecular findings.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2013

Q fever is a rickettsial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii that is transmitted from animals to humans. Modes of transmission to humans include inhalation, tick bites and ingestion of unpasteurized milk or dairy products. This survey was aimed at monitoring the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk (BTM) in Gyeongbuk province. In addition, the seroprevalence of C. burnetii was investigated at the herd level of dairy cattle in eastern Gyeongbuk province in which many dairy cattle are reared. Among 324 BTM samples collected from 20 country areas, 175 (54%) BTM samples from 15 (75%) country areas were positive for C. burnetii by ELISA. By regions, the seroprevalence of BTM samples in eastern, central, western and northern areas of Gyeongbuk province were 62.7%, 48.4%, 45.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. When analyzed in the dairy cattle reared in the eastern area where high seroprevalence occurred in BTM samples, 119 (24.2%) out of 492 dairy cattle were positive for C. burnetii. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii in dairy cattle was increased with daily milk yield of farm (P<0.05) and age (P<0.001). Since seroprevalence of C. burnetii is relatively high in both BTM samples and dairy cattle reared in Gyeongbuk province, further studies on the high risk farms and herds are needed to evaluate infection status and appropriate control programs in this region.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 1983

엽농축단백질(葉濃縮蛋白質)(LPC)을 이용해서 인공유(人工乳)를 만들 수 있는 기틀을 마련코저, 엽농축단백질(葉濃縮蛋白質)의 기능적(機能的) 성질(性質)을 milk casein 수준으로 높이기 위해 섬바디(Dystaenia takeshimana Nakai) 잎에서 추출한 chloroplastic protein과 cytoplasmic protein 및 Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lamb.)에서 추출(抽出)한 엽농축단백질(葉濃縮蛋白質) 1g당 succinic anhydride 0. 10, 0. 25, 100g씩을 가(加)해 숙시닐화시켜 기능성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. bulk density는 섬바디잎에서 추출한 chloroplastic protein 및 cytoplasmic protein과 Italian ryegrass에서 추출한 LPC가 succinic anhydride의 무처리구에서 높았으며 숙시닐화 시킴으로 감소한 후 숙시닐화가 증가하므로서 bulk density는 어느 정도 증가하는 추세였다. 2. 용해도는 숙시닐화를 시킨 각 구에서는 Italian ryegrass LPC 1g에 succinic anhydride 1g 첨가반응시 섬바디 chloroplastic protein에서는 시료 1g당 succinic anhydride 0.1g이상 첨가반응시 milk casein 보다 용해도가 높은 경향이었다. 3. 흡수도 및 지방흡착에서는 숙시닐화 시킨 것과 시키지 않은 것 모두가 milk casein 보다 높은 경향이었다. 4. 유화능과 유제의 안정성에서는 숙시닐화를 시키지 않은 각(各) LPC가 약간 낮은 반면 숙시닐화 시킴에 따라 milk casein 보다도 높고 점점 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.87-103
• /
• 1991

The somatic cell counts SCC and bacteria counts were done by D milk plant, P milk plant, S milk plant and Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv. Lab from 1987 to 1990 with Coulter counter, Fossomatic 90, Bactoscan, Rolling ball viscometer and Resazurin reduction test. The results were summarized as follows 1. In the distribution of SCC of the bulk herd milk, D milk plant from Nov. 1989 to Oct. 1990 remarks 80.2% on the range below 500, 000, 14.5% ranging from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 1.2% ranging from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 0.69% ranging from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 0.71% on the range over 3, 000, 000. P milk plant remarks 237, 000 in the first half year and 251, 000 in the second half year in 1990 year. S milk plant remarks annual average of 335, 000 in 1987, 273, 000 in 1988 and 262, 000 in 1989. The individual record of Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv Lab. remarks 79.35% and 80.2% below 500, 000 8.30% and 7.40% from 500, 000 to 1, 000, 000, 2.37% and 3.2% from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 2.77% and 2.30% from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 1.67% and 2.00% from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 5.53% and 4.40% over 3, 000, 000 in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The grade distirbution of SCC is as follows: D milk plant shows 1st grade-80.20%, 2nd grade-l6.5% and 3rd grade-3.30%. And P milk plant shows all 1st grade. S milk plant shows 87.30%, 8.6% and 4.1% in 1987 and 91.90%, 6.1% and 2.0% in 1988, and 92.40%, 6.1% and l.5% in 1989 on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade respectively. 2. The distribution of bacteria P milk plant reached 15.123 in 1st half year and 21.515 in 2nd half year. Also, S milk plant reached 81.5%, 12.5%, 6.0% in 1987, and 86.20%, 9.70%, 4.1% in 1988, and 86.2%, 10.8%, 3.0% in 1989 respectively for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. 3. The regional SCC distribution in D milk plant shows 1, 540, 000 in three regions and 714, 000 in one region. And monthly SCC distribution shows 671, 000 in December and 1, 165, 000 in June. 4. As a result of the individual SCC test, 9 times for 16 cows in “I”farm(1986-1988), and 6 times for 13 cows in“D”farm(1987-1988) No.3, 5, 9, 14 cows in“I”farm showed the high SCC beyond 1, 000, 000 over 4-5times. 5. If the SCC over 300, 000 reach 40%, the national producing quality of milk can be reduced by 87, 600M /I annually and in the sum of money, it should be about 35.5 billion Won. 6. The difference between high group and low group for SCC in D milk plant reached over 1, 000, 000. In case that the difference reaches 1, 000, 000 in the farm bulk milk at a farm breeding 20 cows which produce 20kg milk per day, it was estimate that the annual difference of producing quantity and sum of money respectively should be reached 26, 280kg in milk and 10, 643, 400 Won in income.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2014

The present study was conducted to develop a milk filtering system for decreasing somatic cell count (SCC) in bulk tank milk. The pore sizes of the filter were 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and $0.8{\mu}m$. The rate of SCC reduction of $1^{st}$ grade milk on $0.1{\mu}m$ filter was 76% and significantly higher than other treatments. The rates of SCC reduction for 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and $0.8{\mu}m$ were 35, 32, 18 and 6.4%, respectively. The effects of the milk filtering system on bacterial count and milk fat content were minimal. The milk flow rates per minute between the filter sizes were similar. But discharge pressures were increased as the pore size of the filter decreased. In conclusion, Considering the rate of SCC reduction, discharge pressure and cost, $0.4{\mu}m$ filter could be recommended.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2021

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle and goats from southern region of Korea was analyzed. From January to December 2020, 1,409 samples of bulk-tank milk, cattle serum and goat serum were collected and analyzed using ELISA. The prevalence of antibodies in collected was 72.6% (501/682), 4.1% (21/515) and 10.4% (22/212). By age, the seroprevalence of cattle was 2.4%, 4.1%, 5.3% (<2 years, 2~5 years, ≥6 years). In bulk-tank milk of dairy cattle according to region was Gyeongnam 45.5%, Gyeongbuk 77.5%, Daegu 70.0%, Jeonnam 50.0% and Chungbuk 50.0%. And seroprevalence of goats was 10.4% (22/212).