• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

실용적인 관점에서 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 중력식 옹벽, 캔틸레버식 옹벽 및 보강토 옹벽은 원활한 배수의 확보가 어렵고 뒷채움 토공량이 증가하고 현장타설에 의해 공기가 길어지는 등 현실적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로서 프리캐스트 콘크리트를 이용한 블럭식 옹벽공법이 개발되어 왔다. 이들 블럭식 옹벽은 공학적 안정성을 유지함과 동시에 다양한 전면판의 구성 및 녹화의 가능성 등의 이점을 갖고 있으므로 도심지나 주택지에서의 옹벽공사에 자주 사용되고 있다. 많은 장점에도 불구하고 블록식 옹벽은 모형 실험결과 옹벽 중앙부에서 발생하는 배부름 현상이 주로 관찰되었으며, 따라서 안정성 분석이나 설계시에는 반드시 개별블럭의 전도에 대한 안정분석을 실시하고 이를 바탕으로 최적단면을 산정해야 한다는 점을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.681-690
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• 2019

Objective : To determine whether the outcomes of percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) are influenced by the type of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and evaluate the effectiveness of PEN in patients with single-level LDH. Methods : This study included 430 consecutive patients with single-level LDH who underwent PEN. Before treatment, the LDH type was categorized as bulging, protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration, while Pfirrmann grades were assigned according to imaging findings. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain and success rates (Odom's criteria) were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Results : The mean preoperative VAS scores for back and leg pain were 6.90 and 4.23, respectively; these decreased after PEN as follows : 2.25 and 1.45, respectively, at 1 month; 2.61 and 1.68, respectively, at 3 months; 2.28 and 1.48, respectively, at 6 months; and 2.88 and 1.48, respectively, at 12 months (p<0.001). The decrease in VAS scores for leg pain was significantly greater in the extrusion and sequestration groups than in the other two groups (p<0.05); there were no other significant differences among groups. More than 70% patients exhibited good or excellent 12-month outcomes according to Odom's criteria. Subsequent surgery was required for 59 patients (13.7%), with a significantly higher rate in the extrusion (25.0%) and sequestration (30.0%) groups than in the bulging (7.3%) and protrusion (13.8%) groups (p<0.05). Nevertheless, subsequent surgery was not required for >70% patients with extrusion or sequestration. Patients with Pfirrmann grades 1-3 (14.0-21.5%) showed a significantly higher rate of subsequent surgery than those with Pfirrmann grade 0 (4.9%; p<0.05). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that PEN is an effective treatment for back and leg pain caused by single-level LDH, with the outcomes remaining unaffected by the LDH type.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 1999년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.101-106
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• 1999

Fiber reinforced plastic composites is widely used to make be lightening of aircraft and automotive owing to having high specific strength and specific modulus. And it is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional composite mats. Its deformation and charge shape are very different by stack type of random and unidirectional mats. In this paper, the characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon for step-type random/unidirectional composite mats and slip parameters are studied numerically. And the effects of viscosity ratio and stack type on the mold filling parameters are also discussed.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2017

In clinical dentistry, botulinum toxin is generally used to treat the square jaw, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint diseases. Recently, this procedure has been expanded and applied for cosmetic purposes, and it is becoming a key task to be aware of the precise anatomical structure of the target muscles to be cautious during treatment and how to prevent side effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the anatomical structure of the superficial layer of masseter muscle and to provide a most effective botulinum toxin injection method through clinical anatomical consideration. It was observed that the muscle belly of superficial part of the superficial layer was originated from the deep to the aponeurosis of masseter muscle and descend, then changed gradually into the tendon structure attaching to the inferior border of the mandible. In this study, we named this structure deep inferior tendon. This structure was observed in all specimens. We conclude that the use of superficial layer and deep layer injection should be considered to prevent paradoxical masseteric bulging in consideration of the deep inferior tendon of superficial part of superficial layer of masseter muscle.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

Fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin, lightweight, strong and stiff. It is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional fiber mats. The characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon for random mat and unidirectional fiber mat and slip parameters are studied numerically. And the effects of viscosity ratio and stack type on mold filling parameters are also discussed.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.277-280
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• 2008

Recently, a demand of nano/micro patterned polymer for display or biochip has been rising. Then many studies have been carried out. Nano/micro-embossing is a deformation process where the workpiece materials is heated to permit easier material flow and then forced over a planar patterned tool. In this work, the hot-emboss process is performed with different forming conditions; forming temperature, load, press hold time, to get the proper condition for linear pattern fabrication on plated-type polymers (PC). Replicated pattern depth increases in proportion to the forming temperature, load and time. Reduction of the workpiece thickness increases according to press hold time. In process of time, reduction ratio of workpiece thickness decreases because of surface area increment of the workpiece and pressure decline on it.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.188-194
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• 1999

Fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin. lightweight. strong and stiff. It is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional fiber mats. This study analyzes numerically the characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon made by changing viscosity of random mat and unidirectional fiber mat and slip parameters. And it is discussed that the effect of ratio of viscosity A and stack type on mold filling parameters

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2018

안산암을 벽돌 모양으로 다듬어 쌓아 올린 경주 분황사 모전석탑은 현재 남아있는 가장 오래된 신라시대 석탑이다. 석탑에서 나타나는 손상양상은 백색피각, 흑색피각, 변색, 토양흡착 등의 오염물, 생물서식, 보수물질 등이다. 구조적 요인에 의한 손상양상으로 배부름 현상이 나타난다. X-선 회절분석 결과에 의하면 백색피각의 주 구성광물은 방해석($CaCO_3$)과 서모나트라이트($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$)로 자연 상태에서 쉽게 나타나는 증발잔류광물이다. 석탑에 나타나는 손상양상은 각 부위별로 상당히 다르다. 생물서식은 기단, 사자상, 1층과 2층의 옥개석에서, 보수물질은 기단에서 확인된다. 배부름 현상은 1층 탑신에서 나타난다. 전체적인 손상 유형별 점유율은 생물서식, 오염물, 보수물질이며 그외 배부름 현상, 박리 순으로 높게 나타났다. 가장 높은 점유율을 보인 개별 손상양상은 흑색미생물(39.3%)이며, 다음은 지의류(17.9%), 변색(8.0%), 백색피각(5.5%), 시멘트 모르타르(5.1%), 배부름 현상(3.9%), 박리(3.1%) 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2004

본 연구는 RAP공법의 구조물 기초로서의 안정성 및 사용성 확보를 위한 기초연구로써, RAP공법이 적용된 지반의 지지력 및 파괴거동을 실내모형토조시험을 통하여 검토한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 RAP 공법을 구조물 기초로서의 파괴거동을 파악하기 위한 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 사질토 지반에서 상대밀도별(60%, 70%, 90%), 직경 별(45mm, 60mm, 70mm)로 RAP를 설치한 후 깊이별(5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm)로 토압계를 각각 RAP에 인접한 곳과 RAP 중심에서 1.0D 떨어진 곳에 설치하여 하중재하 실험을 수행하여 RAP의 지지력 및 파괴거동을 검토하였다. 실험 결과 RAP의 파괴거동은 깊이 5∼10cm(1.0D∼2.0D)에서 최대 횡토압을 받아 일반적인 RAP의 파괴 형태인 Bulging 파괴가 발생하는 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 RAP에 하중을 가하였을 경우 상대밀도가 낮을 경우에는 RAP의 직경변화가 컸으며 상대밀도가 높을 경우에는 RAP의 직경변화가 작음을 알 수 있었다. 깊이별 횡방향 응력 분포도는 상부에서 횡토압의 영향이 크게 나타났으며 하부로 내려갈수록 작아지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.236-238
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• 2002

A 10-year-old mixed male dog, weighed 4.2 kg, was referred to an animal hospital in Pusan. Clinical signs were generalized alopecia, cough, cardiac murmur, dehydration, and right side cryptorchidism. Testis was surgically removed, fixed in formalin and submitted to Diagnostic Laboratory, Chonbuk National University. Grossly, right testis was enlarged. A bulging tumor mass of right testis was homogeneous and grayish white in cut surface, but left testis was normal. Microscopically, no border lines of tubules were formed and the cells grew diffusely, forming sheets with scant supporting stroma. Tumor cells were flirty uniform in size and round or polyhedral, and had discrete cellular lines. The nuclei were large and of variable size, and ovoid, round, vesicular but the cell cytoplasm was scanty. Mitotic figures were common. And giant cells and vacuolated histiocytes were scattered, which is called starry sky appearance. This is the case of seminoma with diffuse type in a mixed dog.