• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bulging type

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A Study on Behavior Characteristics of Segmental Retaining Wall (조립식 블럭 옹벽의 거동특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jundae
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2008
  • From the practical point of view, general retaining wall systems, such as gravity wall, cantilever wall and reinforced wall, have several problems. As a countermeasure, precast block type retaining wall systems have been developed and used for the various purposes of construction. The retaining wall systems can be applied not only for mechanical purpose but environmentally friendly aspects by changing the shapes of surface plates and planting on the surface plates. On the other hand, the bulging failure was dominant near the center of wall height. Therefore, an individual block has to be estimated for the stability problem related to turnover and the for design of gravity block type wall. On the basis of this result, the optimum section of the wall has to be determined.

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Clinical Effectiveness of Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty According to the Type of Single-Level Lumbar Disc Herniation : A 12-Month Follow-Up Study

  • Cho, Pyung Goo;Ji, Gyu Yeul;Yoon, Young Sul;Shin, Dong Ah
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.681-690
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    • 2019
  • Objective : To determine whether the outcomes of percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) are influenced by the type of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and evaluate the effectiveness of PEN in patients with single-level LDH. Methods : This study included 430 consecutive patients with single-level LDH who underwent PEN. Before treatment, the LDH type was categorized as bulging, protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration, while Pfirrmann grades were assigned according to imaging findings. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain and success rates (Odom's criteria) were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Results : The mean preoperative VAS scores for back and leg pain were 6.90 and 4.23, respectively; these decreased after PEN as follows : 2.25 and 1.45, respectively, at 1 month; 2.61 and 1.68, respectively, at 3 months; 2.28 and 1.48, respectively, at 6 months; and 2.88 and 1.48, respectively, at 12 months (p<0.001). The decrease in VAS scores for leg pain was significantly greater in the extrusion and sequestration groups than in the other two groups (p<0.05); there were no other significant differences among groups. More than 70% patients exhibited good or excellent 12-month outcomes according to Odom's criteria. Subsequent surgery was required for 59 patients (13.7%), with a significantly higher rate in the extrusion (25.0%) and sequestration (30.0%) groups than in the bulging (7.3%) and protrusion (13.8%) groups (p<0.05). Nevertheless, subsequent surgery was not required for >70% patients with extrusion or sequestration. Patients with Pfirrmann grades 1-3 (14.0-21.5%) showed a significantly higher rate of subsequent surgery than those with Pfirrmann grade 0 (4.9%; p<0.05). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that PEN is an effective treatment for back and leg pain caused by single-level LDH, with the outcomes remaining unaffected by the LDH type.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for Compression Molding of Step-Type Random/Unidirectional Polymer Composite Laminates (단부형상을 갖는 무배향/일방향 복합적층판의 압축성형에 있어서 3차원 유한요소해석)

  • 송강석;채경철;김이곤
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 1999
  • Fiber reinforced plastic composites is widely used to make be lightening of aircraft and automotive owing to having high specific strength and specific modulus. And it is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional composite mats. Its deformation and charge shape are very different by stack type of random and unidirectional mats. In this paper, the characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon for step-type random/unidirectional composite mats and slip parameters are studied numerically. And the effects of viscosity ratio and stack type on the mold filling parameters are also discussed.

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Clinical anatomic consideration of the superficial layer of the masseter muscle for botulinum toxin injection (보툴리눔 톡신 주사를 위한 깨물근 얕은층의 임상해부학적 고찰)

  • Lee, Hyung-Jin;Kim, Hee-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.365-369
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    • 2017
  • In clinical dentistry, botulinum toxin is generally used to treat the square jaw, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint diseases. Recently, this procedure has been expanded and applied for cosmetic purposes, and it is becoming a key task to be aware of the precise anatomical structure of the target muscles to be cautious during treatment and how to prevent side effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the anatomical structure of the superficial layer of masseter muscle and to provide a most effective botulinum toxin injection method through clinical anatomical consideration. It was observed that the muscle belly of superficial part of the superficial layer was originated from the deep to the aponeurosis of masseter muscle and descend, then changed gradually into the tendon structure attaching to the inferior border of the mandible. In this study, we named this structure deep inferior tendon. This structure was observed in all specimens. We conclude that the use of superficial layer and deep layer injection should be considered to prevent paradoxical masseteric bulging in consideration of the deep inferior tendon of superficial part of superficial layer of masseter muscle.

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3-Dimensional Deformation Analysis for Compression Molding of Polymeric Composites with Random/Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Laminates (무배향/일방향 섬유강화 적층매트를 갖는 플라스틱 복합재의 3차원 압축변형 해석)

  • 채경철;조선형;김이곤
    • Composites Research
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 1999
  • Fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin, lightweight, strong and stiff. It is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional fiber mats. The characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon for random mat and unidirectional fiber mat and slip parameters are studied numerically. And the effects of viscosity ratio and stack type on mold filling parameters are also discussed.

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A study on Linear Pattern Fabrication of Plate-type PC (PC소재의 선형 패턴 제작에 관한 연구)

  • Joung, Y.N.;Lee, E.K.;Kang, C.G.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.277-280
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    • 2008
  • Recently, a demand of nano/micro patterned polymer for display or biochip has been rising. Then many studies have been carried out. Nano/micro-embossing is a deformation process where the workpiece materials is heated to permit easier material flow and then forced over a planar patterned tool. In this work, the hot-emboss process is performed with different forming conditions; forming temperature, load, press hold time, to get the proper condition for linear pattern fabrication on plated-type polymers (PC). Replicated pattern depth increases in proportion to the forming temperature, load and time. Reduction of the workpiece thickness increases according to press hold time. In process of time, reduction ratio of workpiece thickness decreases because of surface area increment of the workpiece and pressure decline on it.

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Deformation Analysis for Compression Molding of Polymeric Composites with Random/ Unidirectional Fiber-reinforced laminates (무배향/일방향 섬유강화 적층매트를 갖는 플라스틱 복합판재의 압축변형 해석)

  • 조선형
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 1999.03b
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    • pp.188-194
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    • 1999
  • Fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin. lightweight. strong and stiff. It is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional fiber mats. This study analyzes numerically the characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon made by changing viscosity of random mat and unidirectional fiber mat and slip parameters. And it is discussed that the effect of ratio of viscosity A and stack type on mold filling parameters

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Studies on Damage Characteristics of Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda (경주 분황사 모전석탑의 손상 특성 연구)

  • Do, Jin Young;Kim, Jeong Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.149-159
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    • 2018
  • The Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda, which was built with bricks of andesite, is the oldest brick stone pagoda of Silla period. The damage patterns in the stone pagoda are pollutants such as white crust, black crust, discoloration, soil adsorption, and microorganisms, and repair materials. The damage pattern of structural factors in the Stone Brick Pagoda is a bulging phenomenon. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, white crust are mainly consist of calcite ($CaCO_3$) and thermonatrite ($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$) that evaporite finds in nature. Damage pattern varies depending on location of stone pagoda. The pollutants are first story body of pagoda. The microorganisms are confirmed at base, lion statues, first and second story capstone, and repair materials observed at base. The bulging phenomenon appeared on the first story body of the pagoda. Occupancy rates by damage type were higher in the order of microorganisms, pollutants, repair material, bulging phenomenon, and peeling. The highest percentage of individual damage patterns were black microorganisms (39.3%), followed by lichen (17.9%), discoloration (8.0%), white crust (5.5%), cement mortar (5.1%) and peeling (3.1%).

An Experimental Study on the Bearing Capacity and Failure Behavior of Composite Ground Reinforced by RAP Method (RAP 복합지반의 지지력 및 파괴거동에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 천병식
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2004
  • Rammed Aggregate Pier (RAP) has extensive applicability as for a foundation of structures. In this study, bearing capacity of the reinforced ground by RAP and the failure behavior of RAP are investigated through experiments. RAPs with diameters of 45, 60, 70 mm were installed in sand, of which relative densities are 60, 70, 90%. Then, two columns of pressure gauges, near the RAPs and one diameter off from the center of piers, are installed 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm from the surface of the ground. The test results show that maximum lateral earth pressure is observed near 5∼10 cm (1.0∼2.0D) from the surface, which indicates the occurrence of bulging failure type. In addition, deformation of RAP in radial direction increases with lower relative density of the ground. Furthermore, lateral stress distribution decreases with depth.

Seminoma in a Mixed Dog (개에서 발생한 정세포종 발생 증례)

  • 김여정;마쓰다기꾸;지동범;임채웅
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.236-238
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    • 2002
  • A 10-year-old mixed male dog, weighed 4.2 kg, was referred to an animal hospital in Pusan. Clinical signs were generalized alopecia, cough, cardiac murmur, dehydration, and right side cryptorchidism. Testis was surgically removed, fixed in formalin and submitted to Diagnostic Laboratory, Chonbuk National University. Grossly, right testis was enlarged. A bulging tumor mass of right testis was homogeneous and grayish white in cut surface, but left testis was normal. Microscopically, no border lines of tubules were formed and the cells grew diffusely, forming sheets with scant supporting stroma. Tumor cells were flirty uniform in size and round or polyhedral, and had discrete cellular lines. The nuclei were large and of variable size, and ovoid, round, vesicular but the cell cytoplasm was scanty. Mitotic figures were common. And giant cells and vacuolated histiocytes were scattered, which is called starry sky appearance. This is the case of seminoma with diffuse type in a mixed dog.