• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.449-456
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• 2016

This study was aimed to quantify the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and to suggest suitable plans which consider the carbon emission reduction in the manufacturing process of the domestic structural glued laminated timber. Field investigation on two glued laminated timber manufacturers was conducted to find out material flow input values such as raw materials, transportation, manufacturing process, and energy consumption during manufacturing process. Based on the collected data and the relevant literatures about life cycle inventory (LCI), the amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit volume was quantified. Results show that the carbon dioxide emissions for sawing, drying and laminating process are 31.0, 109.0, 94.2 kg $CO_2eq./m^3$, respectively. These results show 13% lesser amount of total carbon dioxide emissions compared with the imported glued laminated timber in Korea. Furthermore, it was decreased about 37% when the fossil fuel would be replaced with biomass fuel in drying process. Findings from this study is effectively used as the basic data on the life cycle assessment of wooden building.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.34
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• pp.161-195
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• 2006

Standing to sue has become one of the most important and controversial issues in suits between the press and the victims injured by the press reports. Even thought Korean law was patterned after the European legal system, there is no denying that the Korean Constitution was influenced by that of the United States. The judicial system was also influenced by its counterpart in the United States. The doctrine of standing to sue has plagued the U.S. Supreme Court for several decades. The traditional test of standing in the federal courts was, at the beginning of the century, whether the interest asserted by the plaintiff amounted to a 'legal right', entitled to the protection of the common law. In recent years, the Supreme Court seems to have settled on a two-tiered method for determining whether a plaintiff has standing to sue in federal court. The first level of inquiry is the constitutional core, and the second is the judicially imposed prudential limitations. The purpose of this study is to find out the doctrine of standing in the legal proceedings caused by the press reports. The press needs to internally transform as well to prevent legal dispute, enforcing confirmation when collecting news materials and building up the device for pre-examining the news. The press is also requested to help sincerely the victim recover, realizing that they waste their reputation and credit not to mention a lot of time and monet during the legal dispute.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2017

This paper presents a beam element capable of conducting material and geometric nonlinear analysis for applications requiring the ultimate behavioral analysis of structures with composite cross-sections. The element formulation is based on co-rotational kinematics to simulate geometrically nonlinear behaviors, and it uses the fiber section method to calculate the stiffness and internal forces of the element. The proposed element was implemented using an in-house numerical program in which an arc-length method was adopted to trace severe nonlinear responses(such as snap-through or snapback), as well as ductile behavior after the peak load. To verify the proposed method of element formulation and the accuracy of the program that was used to employ the element, several numerical studies were conducted and the results from these numerical models were compared with those of three-dimensional continuum models and previous studies, to demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the element. Additionally, by evaluating an example case of a frame structure with a composite member, the effects of differences between composite material properties such as the elastic modulus ratio and strength ratio were analyzed. It was found that increasing the elastic modulus of the external layer of a composite cross-section caused quasi-brittle behavior, while similar responses of the composite structure to those of homogeneous and linear materials were shown to increase the yield strength of the external layer.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.532-546
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• 2001

This report is the result of interim evaluation of a health promotion project which was operated by a public health center of K Gu in the year of 2000. It evaluated the aspects of the aim of a project, a target group. and adequacy and appropriateness of a approaching strategy by considering data of public health center's self-evaluation, and guidelines of a group assigned to evaluate the project. The way of evaluation was dividing the project into a colligated evaluation and a evaluation by projects in the aspects of the structure, the procedure. and the result of a result. Through this. a device to improve the health improvement project was derived. The target data for evaluation was the second data and data of self-evaluation, reported data, membership register data of a health management. and interview materials with the people in charge by projects that are all collected as a project management documents. The result of evaluation is stated below. 1. Main purpose of a health promotion project is building a environment of healthy life practicing and providing information through various ways to increase the rate of practicing healthy life. Through overall project. the ultimate purpose and definite purpose were same, however, it was not quite satisfied to offer planning of a time, and a target amount in detailed strategy. As the purpose was to build environment of healthy life practicing. most of the projects had the whole community citizen as a target group. That made difficult to operate detailed projects. so the result was hard to estimate as much as the effort put into it. Also, there were too many kinds of projects and target groups to be equal to by the human source of a health promotion project team. so we were just bent on operating a project. and could not prepare for the evaluation. As the most of former evaluation of public health service was just counting number of the objects, the new way of evaluating a project wasn't familiar to us. so the evaluation of a detailed project cannot be done well. Techniques and advices needed for all of these things weren't offered appropriately. For the forward direction of unfolding project. it is desirable to operate project by selecting focused target and considering a strategy of evaluation as a strategy of reasonable spread. The evaluation of the project became difficult as participation of citizen for it was poor. So, approach strategy that can lead the motivation of community citizen should be derived. 2. For the continuation of a health promotion project, technical assistance system. description of a field in charge, and arrangement of the amount of task should be developed as a central level. Furthermore, as the health promotion project focus on behavioral modification program whose purpose is to lessen dangerous factors. the public health service model which is incorporated with former project should be developed and spread out in the field for the object-centered project plan.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1974

Necessity and purpose of this study: In a large number of countries it has been founded that children′s domestic accidents are at great risk year by year In the United States, they publish detailed accident statistics at regular intervals. In Korea. there have been just a few studies on Accidents-At-Home of preschool children. But it can not be said that there have been any systematic statistics about this area. and any study accounting for the relations of home accidents and preschool: children in detail, Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was focused on the inquire of these relations so as to make a little contribution to Korean preschool children′s health and security measures. So, the detail-purposes are to study following questions and to testify following hypothesis. Prob. 1. What the types of accidents of Preschool children, where the place accidents occurred\ulcorner Prob. 2. What the cause of accidents and, the main factors of the cause\ulcorner Prob. 3. How about the number of their children. the disparity of age among their children and mother′s age in each case of accidents\ulcorner hypothesis 1. There will be differences in the density of protection of parents according to the number of their children. hypothesis 2, There will be differences in accident-types and first-aid methods according to parents socio-economic background. Method; This study employed the interviewing survey method, in which 130 preschool children ware random.sampled, who visit hospital to have medical care. These children (from 1 to 6 years olds) were selected at the emergency room of five hospitals in Seoul (Hosp: Severance, Woosok, Medical Center, Hanyang Medical College Hospital and Seoul Medical Col1age Hospital during study-period (from Aug. to Oct, 1973). Four head nurses in above Hospitals were employed as accident members for this study. Concerning research analysis, the method of hypothesis verifying is used. Conclusion: As two American experts on this subject. Dr, Raymond Neuter and Mr. Ross Mc Garland have drawn attention to "minor epidemics of accidents" that could be avoided by fairly simple measures. preschool children′s accidents could be avoided by parents fair attentions. In other words, one of the most common causes of preschool children′s accidents derived from their parent′s inattention. Therefore, one important task on this subject is to instruct the parents fairly about the children′s accidents. Many accidents could be avoided by the exorcist of a little self-discipline. Also, as much the prevention of accidents is important, as the first-aid Is Important and necessary at the case of the accidents. So, the methods of proper first-aid treatment must be emphasized, and must be taught in school, especially in girls school. And there could be other means available for prevention of accidents. Firstly, the public authorities can take legal measures. More stringent safety standards can be made enforceable by law. Building materials and equipment for domestic us: ought to meat minimum safety criteria at all times. Next the public itself has to understand the seriousness of the problem, and here the dissemination of information is of great importance. All mass media should be brought into play to promote greater public awareness of the question. At last, it will be needed to obtain more detailed epidemiological data through additional surveys and statistics after this study.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Recent studies to develop Very Large Floating Structure(VLFS) has shown that the construction procedure of the structure needs to acquire precast concrete module connection system using prestressing. However, the loads occurring on water are complex combinations of various condition, so the safe and stable performance of the module joints and bonding materials are key to the success of the construction. Therefore, micro-silica mixed aqua-epoxy development was introduced in Part 1 using a bonding material developed in this study. The performance of the micro-silica mixed aqua-epoxy(MSAE) applied joint of concrete module specimens connected by prestressing tendon was evaluated to verify the usability and safety of the material. RC beam, spliced beam connected by prestressing tendon and MSAE, and continuous prestressed concrete beam were tested for their initial cracking and maximum loads as well as cracking procedure and pattern. The results showed that the MSAE can control the stress concentration effect of the shear key and the crack propagation, and the maximum load capacity of MSAE joint specimens are only 5% less than that of continuous RC specimen. The details of the study are discussed in detail in the paper.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.573-579
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• 2014

Typical composite girder has been composed with conventional concrete deck and steel girder. Recently, ultrahigh-performance-concrete (UHPC) deck is proposed in order to enhance durability and reduce weight of deck as well as to increase stiffness and strength of the composite girder. This study investigates that a headed stud is still compatible as a shear connector for the UHPC deck and steel girder composite beam. Twelve push-out specimens are prepared to evaluate the static strength of stud shear connectors embedded in the UHPC deck. The test program proves that the static strength of the stud shear connectors embedded in UHPC well meets with design codes described in AASHTO LRFD. Chosen experimental variables are aspect ratio of height to diameter of stud, thickness of deck and thickness of concrete cover over the head of stud. From the test program, aspect ratio and cover thickness are investigated to mitigate the regulations of the existing design codes. The minimum aspect ratio and the minimum cover thickness given in AASHTO LRFD are four and 50mm, respectively. This limitation hinders to lower the thickness of the UHPC deck. The results of the experiment program give that the aspect ratio and the cover thickness can be lower down to three and 25mm, respectively. Eurocode-4 regulates characteristic relative slip at least 6mm. However, test results show that stud shear connectors embedded in UHPC provide the characteristic relative slip only about 4mm. Therefore, another measures to increase ductility of stud should be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Recently, attempts of replacing some of natural aggregate with mix of low quality aggregate are carried out for stable supply of aggregate. However, low quality aggregate such as recycled aggregate produced during the disposal process of construction wastes and by-product aggregate produced by industrial activities has problem of failing to comply to KS Standards. Therefore, we have compared fundamental properties of concrete by using granite crushed aggregate, recycled aggregate, blast furnace and electric arc furnace slag aggregate for effective utilization of lacking aggregate resources. As the result, slump in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use. Therefore, it is judged to be economically advantageous as it can expect effects in unit quantity or reduction of SP agent. Compressive strength in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use as it filled internal crevice of concrete with continuous particle size distribution. Accordingly, if we utilize by satisfying standard particle scope through mix of aggregate with different cause of formation in proper ratio, it was possible to confirm utility of mixed aggregate with demonstration of effects of increases of fluidity and compressive strength of concrete.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.274-287
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• 2000

This study was performed the analysis of four kinds of common science textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activity part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the contents revised by 6th curriculum of common science textbook was accomplished through various inquiry activities. The number of inquiry activity in four textbooks was similar as about 16. The For the analysis of inquiry process dimension, 'interpreting data and formulating generalizations' category (39.1%) was most emphasized and the categories of 'observation and measuring'(30.8%), and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model' (16.5 %), 'seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it' (13.5%) follow in order. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the proportion of STS related contents in inquiry activities was only 18%. So, we propose that STS related contents would increase the proportion for the following textbook.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.575-585
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• 2018

In this study, the texts of science textbooks of the past 20 years were collected in order to systematically carry out researches on scientific languages and scientific terms that have not been noticed in science education. We have collected all the science textbooks from elementary school to high school in the 6th curriculum, the 7th curriculum, and the 2009 revised curriculum, and constructed a corpus comprising of 132 textbooks in total. Sequentially, a raw corpus, a morphological annotated corpus, and a semantic annotated corpus of science terms, were constructed. The final constructed science textbook corpus was named K-STeC (Korean Science Textbook Corpus). K-STeC is a semantic annotated corpus with semantic classification and classification of scientific terms, together with meta information of bibliographic information such as curriculum, subject, grade, and publisher, location information such as chapter, section, lesson, page, and sentence, and structure information such as main, inquiry activities, reference materials, and titles. Throughout the three-year study period, a new research method was created by integrating the know-how of the three fields of linguistic informatics, computer science and science education, and a large number of experts were put in to produce labor-intensive results. This paper introduces new research methodologies and outcomes by looking at the whole research process and methods, and discusses the possibility of future development of scientific language research and how to use the results.