• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.252-266
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• 2016

An architectural pre-design, which is conducted prior to the architecture design, supports fundamental configuration during the entire AEC project by predicting the cost, demand, etc., of the building, and is therefore gaining importance. In particular, the massing calculation of the pre-design phase should be prioritized, as it is fundamental to architectural outline. However, most architects depend on only their experience and intuition while conceptualizing an integrated framework of design conditions, including the building code and requirements for the massing calculation of the object. Therefore, many difficulties arise in terms of performing appropriate tasks. Thus, the purpose of this study is to implement a knowledge-based BIM for explicitly representing the design knowledge, which is the basis of decision making for an architect while performing the massing calculation. In particular, the 3D knowledge relevant to a project can be provided and accumulated in the massing calculation by the BIM system; this facilitates an integral understanding. Consequently, the approximate result of massing calculation in 3D BIM environment, through both the knowledge-based BIM template and plug-in, can be swiftly provided to the architect. In addition, the architect can invent various alternatives, estimate resulting costs, and reuse the accumulated knowledge in future BIM design processes.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop the sustainability indicators for assessing environmental sustainability of building. This reseach focused on evaluating indicators for passive design in the stage of site planning and building massing. In order to achieve the aims of this study, first priority was given to set up systematic framework of sustainability indicators for passive design. Based on the framework, the assessment categories and indicators by each category were established. Secondly, the weighted value of each indicators were obtained by questionnaire survey of the experts. As the result of the analysis of questionnaire of experts, feasible indicators were obtained and the grades of measured values were deduced. Finally, this paper presented comprehensive environmental sustainability indicators which is related to the passive design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

In Alvar Aalto's designs, important factors of complex building designs including Wolfsburg cultural center are that they insinuate how to develop each architectural type and how to combine them in a building. The humane and physical background studies, and wholistic and systematic approaches are adopted to fulfill research purposes. Comparison with other buildings are necessary to reveal true meaning of this building. The result of analysis show characteristics of Wolfsburg cultural center as follows; hybrid composition of mass and elevation, spatial effect using level difference and light, massing variation of roof, and creating space for various activities. Wolfsburg cultural center designed in late 1950s has greatly affected Aalto's later works through various architectural experiments because it is the first cultural complex project that combined various architectural types. Especially library in the cultural center has shown transitional characteristics to famous fan-type libraries of 1960s while maintained features about Viipuri library. Wolfsburg cultural center act as an another type which present new principles of clustering, massing and exterior design. Its true meaning lies in forming a humanizing place beyond spatial configuration.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

The Burj Dubai Project will be the tallest structure ever built by man; when completed the tower will be more than 700 meter tall and more than 160 floors. While the early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering considerations played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use/residential tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria, the material selection for the structural systems of the tower was also a major consideration and required detailed evaluation of the material technologies and skilled labor available in the market at the time Concrete was selected for its strength, stiffness, damping, redundancy, moldability, free fireproofing, speed of construction, and cost effectiveness. In addition, the design challenges of using concrete for the design of the structural system components will be addressed. The focus on this paper will also be on the early planning of the concrete works of the Burj Dubai Project.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.231-237
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• 1997

One of the clearest reactions against Modern architecture, and its planning ideology of comprechensive development, was the neo-Regional movement which arose at more or less the same time in serval countries. In the mid-fifties architects in Mexico started to design architectures which mixed vermacular and Modern methodology to recall traditional buildings. This popular alternative to Modernism had caught on in Mexico by the recent to become the accepted approach for the most regional building built by the Mexican architects. The regional architecture provided the continual activity, safety and economy of traditional life which was lacking in so many Modern building, while the these ages provided a cultural continuity. Anonymity of craftsmanship, but personalization of each building; enclosed wall of strong color, wide inward opening, but flat roof; emotional layouts and poetic outdoor water space, but variable massing; as it the buildings had been constructed over several years-these were the contradictory signs of neo-Regionalism. The Regional architecture has direct reference to human inhabitation and use, and it embraces mystery, poetic sense, a quality we are losing in Modern life. There is a freedom from rules, which shows up especially in an insouciant use of color, just for fuv.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.88-95
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenological approaches in Holl's architecture centered on his Nelson-Atkins Art Museum. This study mainly deals with concrete and practical architectural contents based on his recent works rather than existing studies about philosophical point of views to his architecture. Because Holl has had turning point from theoretical research to practical application and development stage. Therefore, this study aims to find out Holl's phenomenological approaches that were different from his early works. Nelson-Atkins art museum shows effect of luminosity as well as inflow of light in the phenomenological experiences of light and space. Holl gave new addition building that he designed contrasts of massing, transparency of material, colors to enhance existence of new building through phenomenological experiences. Narrow and long circulation and various focal points provide multi-view points and overlapped spaces in body experiences As a result, Holl shows shifts from theoretical application to architectural utilization. Nelson-Atkins art museum is important in that this project is one of stating points about this shift.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

Previous studies reveal the need for a tool to cost estimation of building design in early design stages. This paper proposes an internal finishes cost model tool to address this need. The tool allows users to evaluate the functionality, economics and quality of finishes concurrently with high-rise building design. Lack of information in the early stages of the project enables a relatively accurate estimates of work to raise up. Measurements are automatically extracted from simple design information and profile driven estimates are revised in real-time. The data model uses a flexible unit rate system that can easily be extended to other estimate dimensions such as mix-use building surcharge rate estimation. The approach illustrated in this paper is applicable to BIM tool conceptual estimation that support for massing purposes other than the one chosen for this study.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.