• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present basic data which would be applied on the early stage of the architectural design. And that determines the introduction of the atrium by comparing and analysing the environmental performance of atrium building. Method: The building forms are classified into low storied building, middle storied building and high storied building. This study compares and analyses energy performance of the standard building without atrium and the atrium building which has one-side, two-side, three-side, four-side, and linear atrium by measuring of annual heating and cooling load with EnergyPlus. Result: As a result of the analysis of the relative annual heating and cooling load by building type, it is shown that the fluctuation of cooling load in low storied building is large because heat storage in atrium affects building, and the fluctuation of heating load in high storied building is large owing to the effect of external wall area of atrium which makes heat loss. Especially, it indicated the largest annual heating and cooling load in four-side atrium of low storied building, and in one-side atrium of high storied building.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2008

Large eddy simulations have been performed within and over different types of urban building arrays. This paper adopted three dimensionless parameters, building frontal area density (${\lambda}_f$) the variation degree of building height (${\sigma}_h$), and the staggered degree of building range ($r_s$), to study the systematic influence of building spacing, height and layout on wind and turbulent characteristics. The following results have been achieved: (1) As ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.25 to 0.18, the mean flow patterns transfer from "skimming" flow to "wake interference" flow, and as ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.06 to 0.04, the mean flow patterns transfer from "wake interference" flow to "isolated roughness" flow. With increasing ${\lambda}_f$, wind velocity within arrays increases, and the vortexes in front of low buildings would break, even disappear, whereas the vortexes in front of tall buildings would strengthen and expand. Tall buildings have greater disturbance on wind than low buildings do. (2) All the wind velocity profiles and the upstream profile converge at the height of 2.5H approximately. The decay of wind velocity within the building canopy was in positive correlation with ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$. If the height of building arrays is variable, Macdonald's wind velocity model should be modified through introducing ${\sigma}_h$, because wind velocity decreases at the upper layers of the canopy and increases at the lower layers of the canopy. (3) The maximum of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) always locates at 1.2 times as high as the buildings. TKE within the canopy decreases with increasing ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$ but the maximum of TKE are very close though ${\sigma}_h$ varies. (4) Wind velocity profile follows the logarithmic law approximately above the building canopy. The Zero-plane displacement $z_d$ heighten with increasing ${\lambda}_f$, whereas the maximum of and Roughness length $z_0$ occurs when ${\lambda}_f$ is about 0.14. $z_d$ and $z_0$ heighten linearly with ${\sigma}_h$ and $r_s$, If ${\sigma}_h$ is large enough, $z_d$ may become higher than the average height of buildings.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.137-155
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• 2005

This study was started with its consideration as materials showing original shapes of temple buildings in the late period of Chosun the photographs and drawings which contained in $\ulcorner$A Survey Report of Korean Architecture$\lrcorner$ made by Sekino Tadashi through his survey for 62 days(July 5${sim}$Sep. 4, 1902). Results of the study can be summarized as follows. During the period of Japanese occupation, Beomesa temple experienced frequent changes in building layout including the transfer and removal of buildings. Such frequent change began in spring, 1936 when a Buddhist monk of Beomeosa temple, Cha Woon Ho moved Gwaneumjeon, originally located to the light of the main building, to the left of the building and, on its original site, built up a 7-storied sarira tower. Though it is difficult to say that the study provides everything about Beomeosa temple, the researcher expects that the study would be the very basis on which changes in the building layout of the temple since the late period of Chosun can be researched. In conclusion, the researcher hopes that the above mentioned restoration plan would help originally restore or enlarge temples, further transmitting such restored or enlarged establishments as valuable cultural remains from generation to generation. In this respect, the researcher expects such restoration plan to be made in continuous and more detailed ways.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2014

고층건축공사의 양중장비의 선정은 프로젝트 성공의 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. 건설현장에서는 전문가나 경험이 많은 공사관리자가 2차원 도면 위에 타워크레인의 회전반경을 고려하여 위치를 이동시키는 방법을 통해 적절한 위치를 결정한다. CAD와 BIM, 가상현실 등이 건축설계와 시공단계에 많이 활용되고 있지만 가설계획이나 타워크레인을 선정하기 위해서는 사용되지 않고 있다. 이 연구는 적절한 타워크레인의 위치를 선정하기 위해 증강현실 기술을 이용하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. Vuforia와 Unity 3d를 이용하여 타워크레인의 위치를 선정할 수 있는 증강현실 프로토타입을 구현하였으며 실제 건축도면을 통해 활용성을 검증하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2019

In this paper an octagon plan shaped building (study building) in presence of three square plan shaped building is subjected to boundary layer wind flow and the interference effects on the study building is investigated using Computational fluid dynamics. The variation of the pressure coefficients on different faces of the octagon building is studied both in isolated and interference conditions. Interference Factors (IF) are calculated for different faces of the study building which can be a powerful tool for designing similar plan shaped buildings in similar conditions. A metamodel of the IF, in terms of the distances among buildings is also established using Response Surface Method (RSM). This set of equations are optimized to get the optimum values of the distances where the IF is unity. An upstream Interference zone for this building setup and wind environment is established from these data. Uncertainty principle is also utilised to determine the optimum positions of the interfering buildings considering the uncertain nature of wind flow for minimum interference effect. The proposed procedure is observed to be computationally efficient in deciding optimum layout at buildings often required in city planning. The results show that the proposed RSM-based optimization approach captures the interference zone accurately with substantially less number of experiments.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2007

Elementary education is the most fundamental education phase to cultivate a minimum natural quality for basic people life. Because elementary school is a very important step to be a base of lifelong education, it has to lead students to develop a capability of information utilization and rear the ability of self-leading study. Accordingly the elementary school library must be made and managed to cope with a new environment of education and information, as well as it must be a appropriate facilities for the contents of the 7th course of study : The aim of the 7th course of study is to rear the autonomous and creative Korean who lead the age of globalization and information-oriented. It is an ideal that the school library has a separate building for itself as the general information center but it is not easy to do in our conditions. Accordingly when it Is located in a school house, it has to be at the center within easy access of other related rooms such as a classroom and school house. Therefor making a plan and designing a school building, the school library has to be considered preferentially as a main facilities in order to make a school to accept the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

도시의 일상생활에서는 시가지의 바람이 나무, 집 등 낮은 건축물 군에 의해 방해되어 보통은 전원의 바람보다 풍속이 저감되는 경우가 많다. 이러한 기존의 바람 흐름이 있는 곳에 건축물이 세워지게 되면 기존의 풍환경은 크게 변화되어 풍속이 약한 곳과 강한 곳이 조성되어 이와 같은 바람이 지표부근의 구조물에 의해 받는 영향은 도시지역에서 강하게 나타나게 된다. 이는 교외나 시골지역은 상대적으로 도시지역에 비해 영향을 적게 받게 된다. 임의의 지역, 특히 도시지역의 경우 기존의 건물이 증축되거나 혹은 새로운 건물이 신축되면 이로 인하여 기존의 바람흐름이 달라지며 이는 인접건물들의 확보하고 있던 자연 환기력의 변화를 야기 시키는 원인이 되기도 한다. 이러한 현상은 건축물에 의해 자연 환기력이 바뀌게 되는 일종의 기존 환경으로 부터의 변화를 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석을 이용하여 이와 같이 건물의 주변 환경변화, 즉 신축, 증축 등과 같은 변화를 고려하여 그 영향을 예측/분석하였다. 그 결과로 건물의 자연환기력을 전면에서 바람에 의한 압력증가와 후면에서 바람의 흡입에 의한 압력감소로 인해 전면의 풍속에 의해 발생하는 동압보다 큰 압력차가 발생하고, 그로 인해 환기량이 발생하는 것을 알수 있다. 주변 변화에 의해서는 동일한 규모의 건물이 추가되는 경우에 기존의 경우에 비해 35~45%의 자연환기격이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2015

This study presents conceptual information of newly optimized shapes and connectivity of the so-called outrigger truss system for modern tall buildings that resists lateral loads induced by wind and earthquake forces. In practice, the outrigger truss consists of triangular or Vierendeel types to stiffen tall buildings, and the decision of outrigger design has been qualitatively achieved by only engineers' experience and intuition, including information of structural behaviors, although outrigger shapes and the member's connectivity absolutely affect building stiffness, the input of material, construction ability and so on. Therefore the design of outrigger trusses needs to be measured and determined according to scientific proofs like reliable optimal design tools. In this study, at first the shape and connectivity of an outrigger truss system are visually evaluated by using a conceptual design tool of the classical topology optimization method, and then are quantitatively investigated with respect to a structural safety as stiffness, an economical aspect as material quantity, and construction characteristics as the number of member connection. Numerical applications are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design process to generate a new shape and connectivity of the outrigger for both static and dynamic responses.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.747-753
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• 2009

Planning the construction for a system of bored piles in building foundation engineering is (1) to predict the time duration required to complete all the bored piles with due consideration of relevant engineering factors and site constraints; then (2) to predict the total project time generally by aggregating the predicted working duration for construction of each bored pile. The duration for construction of an individual bored pile results from analyzing various working sequences and different activity duration (such as predrilling, excavation, steelfixing, air-lifting, and concreting, etc.), which is informed by experiences and site records of previous projects. However, determining the project duration for constructing many bored piles on one site is much more complicated than adding up the time duration for individual piles. In practice, project schedules are often found to be unrealistic and incorrect during the construction stage. This is because construction planning is not based on a exhaustive and comprehensive evaluation of site factors, such as site layout plan, site constraints, quality control, environmental control, safety control and logical relationships between different trades. In this paper, we identify those factors based on a foundation engineering site in Hong Kong with ninety-seven bored piles and address their effects on uncertainties in activity time and project time.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.193-194
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• 2012

Construction work is affected by the weather; e.g. snowfall, rainfall and low-high ambient temperature, especially at a site in a severe climate. The influence of the weather is one of the possible reasons for delays in a construction schedule and quality deterioration. To protect the worksite from severe weather conditions, the temporary roof and wall could be installed on the outside of main structures designed in advance and the temporary structures could be took down after a period use. The greater coverage all-weather construction method is applied, the larger the effect. so, it is important and needs that the temporary roof and wall can be widely applied, designed to effectively about structure and layout.