• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.703-709
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• 2017

Outsourcing databases is to offload storage and computationally intensive tasks to the third party server. Therefore, data owners can manage big data, and handle queries from clients, without building a costly infrastructure. However, because of the insecurity of network systems, the third-party server may be untrusted, thus the query results from the server may be tampered with. This problem has motivated significant research efforts on authenticating various queries such as range query, kNN query, function query, etc. Although aggregation queries play a key role in analyzing big data, authenticating aggregation queries has not been extensively studied, and the previous works are not efficient for data with high dimension or a large number of distinct values. In this paper, we propose the AMR-tree that is a data structure, applied to authenticate aggregation queries. We also propose an efficient proof construction method and a verification method with the AMR-tree. Furthermore, we validate the performance of the proposed algorithm by conducting various experiments through changing parameters such as the number of distinct values, the number of records, and the dimension of data.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The beauty is like the bubble of beer, and behavior scholars have been regarded as worthless to study. As a result, the aesthetic in construction projects has resulted in underestimation or neglect. The fundamental cause of this result is that it is not easy to estimate the value of the aesthetic. The hedonic calculus by Bentham has a possibility to valuating the intangible or invisible goods. In this context, this study proposes a method to valuate architectural aesthetic based on the hedonic calculus by Bentham. As a precondition for suggesting the valuation method, this study defined the architectural aesthetic as the value of attraction that affects the value of the built environment. As the concept of beauty that conforms to the architectural aesthetic, it has established the concept of beauty as 'the phenomenon of combining the foreground and background of Hartmann'. In addition, the scope of the value measurement is defined as 'built environment' so as to include not only the building but also the surrounding environment. We have reinterpreted the seven dimension of the hedonic calculus proposed by Bentham and systematized the method of valuation of the architectural esthetic based on the seven dimension. The result of this study is meaningful in that it presents a new perspective and approach to architectural aesthetic. And it will be used as grounds for valuation and analytical approach to architectural aesthetic and will be used as a basis for expanding the field of study from aesthetic to value.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-74
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• 2017

Objectives: This study observes how providing family support - financial, emotional, and instrumental - is related to depression in babyboom women. Method: I analysed data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families 5th wave, collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The analysis was conducted using regression, t-test, Chi-square test, frequency analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: Financial support for grown-up children, either married or unmarried, increases depression in babyboom women. In the dimension of instrumental support, caring for grandchildren reduces babyboom women's depression. It implies that contact with grandchildren is perceived as an emotional support rather than a physical burden. The results of this study also show that babyboom women are comforted by living with their own parents, but not by living with parents-in-law. The most impressive observation, however, is in the dimension of emotional support, which showed that the conversation with elderly parents reduces baby-boom women's depression, but that the conversation with married children increases it. The opposite directions in the effects seem to be related to the subjects of the conversations. The subjects of the conversation with children are mostly about problems and agenda of the children, while those with elderly parents are mainly about parents' health and care for each other. Conclusions: The results of the analyses suggest that babyboom women should become less involved with their grown-up children's lives. It also calls for the societal efforts to be put into building up the support system, especially for eco-boom generation, to reduce babyboomer's burden of supporting the children.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 2003

Application field of third dimension graphic is becoming diversification by the fast development of hardware recently. Various theory of details technology necessary to design game such as 3D MMORPG (Massive Multi-play Online Role Flaying Game) that do with third dimension. Cyber city should be absorbed. It is the detection speed that this treatise is necessary in game engine design. 3D MMORPG game engine has much factor that influence to speed as well as rendering processing because it express huge third dimension city´s grate many building and individual fast effectively by real time. This treatise nay get concept about the collision in 3D MMORPG and detection speed elevation of game engine through improved detection method. Space division is need to process fast dynamically wide outside that is 3D MMORPG´s main detection target. 3D is constructed with tree construct individual that need collision using processing geometry dataset that is given through new graph. We may search individual that need in collision detection and improve the collision detection speed as using hierarchical bounding box that use it with detection volume. Octree that will use by division octree is used mainly to express rightly static object but this paper use limited OSP by limited space division structure to use this in dynamic environment. Limited OSP space use limited space with method that divide square to classify typically complicated 3D space´s object. Through this detection, this paper propose follow contents, first, this detection may judge collision detection at early time without doing all polygon´s collision examination. Second, this paper may improve detection efficiency of game engine through and then reduce detection time because detection time of bounding box´s collision detection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 2017

Due to urban growth and increasing population density, many large cities contain building forests. Moreover, due to increasing demands for pleasant residential environments, there is growing concern over the encroachment of sunshine. Although research on related laws and other related fields is emerging, there is a limit to the extent to which the public can easily determine the amount of sunshine per building without referral to specialized agencies. Therefore, in this study, the duration of sunshine per building object was calculated via a simulation of urban shaded area using a spatial information open platform application programming interface. The study area was the'L'apartment complex located in the new city, Haeundae, Busan, China. To perform the duration of sunshine simulation for three-dimensional urban spatial objects, the building height was extracted from pre-built three-dimensional spatial information data, and the position of the sun was determined from calculations of the altitude and azimuth of the sun. This study provides a more precise and easier method of judging whether sunshine is impeded from reaching buildings by quantitatively analyzing sunshine and classifying the total duration of sunshine and the continuous duration of sunshine on each object.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.124-135
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• 2015

As many countries have been raising awareness of environmental issues, greater efforts for eco-friendly construction have been made in both governmental and private sectors. However, assessment circumstances for building energy performance and green building standard of legislation are still based on two dimension and handwork. This takes time, cost and labor, and makes assessment inaccurate and inefficient. Therefore, this study suggests methods to improve eco-friendly construction permission process and to automatize open BIM-based assessment of Energy Performance Index (EPI) among several eco-friendly construction certification standards. First, it analyzes the relations between assessment criteria and IFC data, and provides solutions to problems and limitations. Second, it applies the solutions to assessment program in order to automatize open BIM-based assessment for EPI. The eco-friendly construction permission process with these solutions applied will reduce time, cost, and labor by simplifying and automatizing the tasks. Also, the simplified process of design revision will improve not only productivity and efficiency but also accuracy and reliability.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-66
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• 2008

This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. Five types of site plan of signal-fire were observed, which is circle, half-circle, oval, round-rectangular. The majorities were circle type in eastern area. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. The height of signal-fire stand was about $2{\sim}3m$. The diameter of signal-fire stand was $8{\sim}10m$. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 9 border singal-fire, the height of it was about $0.3m{\sim}2.5m$. 3. Trench was mainly circle type and average width was $3{\sim}4m$. However the depth was almost observed as 1m, originally, it was estimated it has more depth. 4. The height of protective wall remained until present was about 1m, the depth was about average 2.5m. 5. The storage of border signal-fire has rectangular dimension, several types of $1.8{\times}1.2m{\sim}5.7{\times}4.4m$, square(間) of $1{\times}1{\sim}2{\times}1$. The building material was stone and located below or near the signal-fire stand.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.589-595
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• 2015

This study evaluated the in-site compressive strength development of high-strength concrete developed for the mass structures under cold weather condition. Two mock-up wall specimens with $2.0{\times}1.2{\times}1.0m$ in dimension were cured under an average temperature of $5^{\circ}C$. Core strengths measured at different locations of the mock-up walls were compared with the companion standard cylinder strengths. Test results revealed that the core strength of mock-up walls at an age of 3 days is higher by approximately 30% than the companion cylinder strength because of the high curing temperature effect generated from the heat of hydration of cementitious materials. Furthermore, comparisons with the prediction models based on maturity function confirmed that the effect of hydration heat on the curing temperature increase needs to be reflected to reasonably evaluate the on-site compressive strength development of concrete for mass elements.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.458-465
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• 2013

Ship design engineering refers to the development and design of shipbuilding architectures in a drawing which reflects all relevant manufacturing processes. This paper provides analysis methods for model-information interfaces between hull structure design and outfitting design, and a technical application for manufacturing phases reflecting the pipe support pad and angle item automatically. The existing information procedure of pipe support pad and angle system processes information using drawing without model specification. Outfitting design team directly distributes drawings to the shop floor then manual-based marking and installation work are conducted refer to the distributed drawings. As a result, this process has become time consuming and causes problems in the productivity and quality improvement due to the rework caused by omitted or incorrect marking. The pipe support pad and angle marking is a method that automatically updates model information to hull structure design using sets of data that analyse the generated model in outfitting design processes. Therefore, this approach provides an efficient solution through design references without manual activities such as a reflection of hull structure design, cutting process, numerical control work, and dimension measurement and marking. The conversion of a method from the existing procedure based on manual marking to the reflective and automatic approach would have enabled to proceed installation work without manual activities for the measurement. Therefore, this research study proposes an efficient approach using pre-data analysis of model information interfaces between design and manufacturing phases to improve productivity during construction for shipbuilding.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is development and analysis of Effluence Characteristic of the Rainfall in the IRMA Green Roof System(developed in KICT) Plus 50 program is an internal research project at KICT(Korean Institute of Construction Technology) which has it as an object ; to lengthen the building's life 50-year or more and reduce energy conception 50% than present. Green roof system is one of the most important theme in the Plus 50 program. Generally, a Green Roof System has a positive effect on the thermal conductivity in winter, the micro cooling effect on building and city by evaporation in summer, the flood-control effect by runoff-reduction or the treated rainwater-quality of green roof system and so on. However, inspection of the physical effect of green roof system does not consider in Korea. Above all, long-term monitoring and a whole observation of green roof system is needed to probate the effect. So a new experimental method could be tried in this research, which is never attempted in Korea. The measurement by a bucket with a great volume, 1L, gives a new dimension of measuring green roof effect to measure the permanent running flood from a wide roof. This offers a reasonable result on a long-term measuring of a running water. Additionally, the thermal behavior of the IRMA(Insulated Roof Membrane Assembly), known in the western europe as a reasonable solution at green roof system by economical benefits and easy construction, would be experimented.